ARCHITECTURE D EPARTMENT – FAC ULTY OF ENGINEERING BINA NUS ANTARA UNIVERS ITY JAKARTA

  

UNIVERS ITAS BINA NUS ANTARA

JAKARTA

  Nama M ahasiswa : Angela Arlina Judul : Rumah Susun Warga Lanjut Usia di Jakarta Barat Jumlah Halaman : Halaman isi + Lampiran

  Pertumbuhan penduduk di Jakarta terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Hal ini tidak diiringi dengan pertambahan luas lahan sehingga permukiman di Jakarta semakin padat. Oleh karena itu, sebaiknya arah pembangunan permukiman yang biasanya horizontal dibuat ke arah vertikal yakni apartemen/ rumah susun.

  M akin banyaknya jumlah penduduk tentunya konsumsi air bersih pun meningkat. Padahal PDAM tidak menambah kapasitasnya secara signifikan dan banyak wilayah di Jakarta yang tak dapat menikmati fasilitas PDAM . Akhirnya penduduk mengambil air bersih dari air tanah secara terus menerus untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari. Air tanah yang dikonsumsi terus menerus kehilangan keseimbangannya dan menyebabkan permukaan tanah di Jakarta terus mengalami penurunan setiap tahunnya. Apabila hal ini dibiarkan, maka Jakarta akan kehabisan sumber air bersih. M aka dari itu, untuk menanggapi masalah ini perlu dilakukan penghematan penggunaan air bersih di segala bidang, khususnya pada bangunan (baik pemilihan material, peralatan sanitair dan utilitas bangunan).

  Pertumbuhan penduduk disebabkan oleh tingginya angka urbanisasi, tingginya angka kelahiran serta rendahnya angka kematian. Rendahnya angka kematian disebabkan oleh kemajuan teknologi yang diiringi dengan kemajuan dunia kedokteran. Dengan demikian, dapat diperkirakan bahwa angka harapan hidup akan semakin meningkat atau dengan kata lain jumlah warga lanjut usia akan terus meningkat. Kemajuan zaman, juga menuntut keluarga lansia semakin sibuk sehingga banyak lansia yang terlantar. Untuk itu, maka akan dibutuhkan adanya hunian khusus bagi warga lanjut usia (lansia) terutama bagi mereka yang terlantar. memiliki karakter khusus yang harus diperhatikan seperti misalnya gerakan yang terbatas dan kaku sehingga dibutuhkan desain yang kompak untuk memperluas jangkauan lansia dalam beraktifitas pada unit. Selain desain khusus, lansia juga membutuhkan kegiatan agar tetap aktif. Keaktifan dapat terwujud dengan penyediaan fasilitas dibarengi dengan penerapan teknologi rumah pintar pada sistem bangunan demi kenyamanan lansia. Seiring berkembangnya zaman, budaya Betawi juga semakin luntur. Banyak bangunan juga yang tidak lagi menerapkan arsitektur tropis pada desainnya. Oleh karena itu, pada Rumah Susun Warga Usia Lanjut di Jakarta Barat ini akan menerapkan beberapa elemen-elemen arsitektur Betawi sebagai langkah dari pelestarian budaya serta memanfaatkan kondisi iklim tropis lembab yang ada di Jakarta. Kata kunci: Rumah susun, hemat air, lansia terlantar, teknologi rumah pintar, tropis

  

BINA NUS ANTARA UNIVERS ITY

JAKARTA

  Name of Student : Angela Arlina Title : Flat for the Elderly in West Jakarta Number of Pages : Initial pages + Contents pages

  The population of Jakarta has increased every year. It makes the settlement become too crowded because the increasing of the population does not grow together with Jakarta’s land. Therefore the settlement arrangement which is usually in horizontal direction must be changed to the vertical direction settlement, such as apartments/flats.

  M ore people stay in Jakarta, more water consumption needed. In fact, PDAM does not improve their capacity significantly to fulfill all the Jakarta residence, therefore not all areas in Jakarta are provided with this facility. As the result, many people take the groundwater in order to fulfill their water needs. The exploitation of groundwater has made the ground lost their stability and that makes Jakarta land down for 5 centimeters each year. If this keep continues, Jakarta will lose all of its water supply and many buildings will stop operating because the ground keep drowned. For the solution of this problem, we must use water wisely in every sector of our life, including in the building operational (water efficient in choosing the building material, sanitary features, and building utility systems). The increased of Jakarta population caused by high of urbanization number, birth rate and the low of death rate. Low death rate is the effect of the improvement of technology era which has come together with the improvement in medical world. There is a theory that says the number of the elderly will increase together with time. The problem starts when a family abandoned the elderly because of their busy life or when a family can not assured the elderly life because of their poorness. Therefore, the housing for the elderly, especially for the neglected elderly will become one of the future needs. Flat for the elderly will be different with the other general flat. It is because the elderly has their own special character which must be concerned in the design process. For examples, economical challenge. Flat for the elderly will also need to minimize the problems and efforts of housekeeping and daily activities for the elderly. The new technology era has opened the opportunities to apply the technology into the building components (Smart Home). This system will help the elderly a lot. Another challenge that must be faced is how to make the elderly stay healthy and active. The solution is with the variation of facilities that could possible elder to do many things without being bored. In this generation, Betawi culture becomes something rare. Therefore, Flat for the Elderly in West Jakarta design will implement some elements of Betawi architecture in order to keep the culture for the future. But, the most important things is the implementation of tropical design in flat, because there are so many advantages in tropical buildings that some of the modern generation has forgot. All the implementation design will reflects the cultural identity of the building itself.

  Key words: Flat, water efficiency, the elderly, smart home technology, tropical building

  JURUSAN ARSITEKTUR - FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS BINA NUSANTARA JAKARTA

  Saya, mahasiswa Jurusan Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Bina Nusantara: Nama : Angela Arlina Nomor Induk M ahasiswa : 08007 35532 / AR Program Studi : Strata 1 Dengan ini menyatakan bahwa karya Proyek Akhir yang saya buat dengan judul:

  

RUMAH S US UN WARGA LANJUT US IA DI JAKARTA BARAT

  Adalah: 1.

  Dibuat dan diselesaikan sendiri, dengan menggunakan hasil kuliah, tinjauan lapangan dan buku-buku serta jurnal acuan yang tertera di dalam referensi pada karya tugas akhir.

  2. Bukan merupakan karya tulis yang sudah diduplikasikan atau yang pernah dipakai untuk mendapatkan gelar sarjana di Universitas lain, kecuali pada bagian sumber informasi dicantumkan dengan referensi yang semestinya.

  Kalau saya terbukti tidak memenuhi apa yang telah dinyatakan diatas, maka karya tugas akhir ini batal.

  Yang membuat pernyataan, Jakarta, 24 Juni 2008

   ( Angela Arlina )

  JURUS AN ARS ITEKTUR – FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERS ITAS BINA NUS ANTARA

JAKARTA

  M ata Kuliah : Tugas Akhir Kode MK : R0288 Judul : Rumah Susun Warga Lanjut Usia di Jakarta Barat Penyusun : Nama : Angela Arlina

  Nim : 08007 35532 DISETUJUI OLEH:

  Dosen Pembimbing Utama Dosen Pembimbing Pendamping Ir.Sigit Wijaksono, M .Si. Laurentius Utu Sampepajung, S.T., M .T.

  D 1966 D 3164

  DIKETAHUI OLEH: Ketua Jurusan Arsitektur

Ir. John Fredy Bobby Siragih, M.Si.

  D 175 Puji dan syukur kepada Tuhan Yang M aha Esa atas berkat dan bimbingan-Nya selama penyusunan Karya Tugas Akhir ini. Adapun karya ini disusun sebagai langkah akhir untuk menempuh Ujian Tugas Akhir Periode XV, tahun akademik 2007/2008, Jurusan Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Bina Nusantara, Jakarta.

  Judul, topik, dan tema karya ini merupakan hasil buah pikiran penyusun yang telah dikonsultasikan dengan para pembimbing dan Panitia Tugas Akhir.

  Judul : Rumah Susun Warga Lanjut Usia di Jakarta Barat /

   Flat for the Eledrly in West Jakarta

  Topik : Desain Berkelanjutan / Sustainable Design Tema : Hemat Air / Water Efficiency

  Pada tahap awal karya ini, dilakukan penyusunan Paper Konsep Perencanaan dan Perancangan yang berisikan mengenai proses lahirnya konsep dari karya ini, kemudian diikuti dengan Tahap Perancangan yang menyajikan gambar-gambar perancangan, maket, animasi, dan poster sebagai wujud dari pembahasan paper.

  Adapun selesainya penyusunan Karya Tugas Akhir ini, bukanlah berkat hasil kerja keras penyusun semata. Oleh karena itu, pada kesempatan ini, penyusun hendak mengucapkan terima kasih kepada pihak-pihak yang secara langsung maupun tidak _o langsung telah memberikan kontribusi selama proses Karya T ugas Akhir ini, yakni kepada: _o Keluarga selaku sumber motivasi dan pihak yang paling berjasa dalam hidup saya

  Ir. Sigit Wijaksono, M.Si., selaku dosen pembimbing utama, atas pengarahan, saran, serta waktu yang telah disediakan o Laurentius Utu Sampepajung, S.T., M.T., selaku dosen pembimbing pendamping, atas _o pengarahan, saran, serta waktu yang telah disediakan Ir. John Fredy Bobby Siragih, M.Si., selaku Ketua Jurusan Arsitektur, atas pengarahan, _o pemberian informasi serta fasilitas yang telah disediakan _o Ir. Gatot Suharjanto, atas bimbingan, kesabaran dan fasilitas yang telah disediakan Seluruh dosen dan pembimbing, yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu per satu, atas ilmu _o yang diberikan selama proses studi arsitektur di Universitas Bina Nusantara Pak Sunan, selaku staff jurusan Arsitektur, atas kesediaannya membantu proses studi _o dengan memberi informasi dan hal-hal yang dibutuhkan

Eleonora, Louise, Shena, Ricky, Yudiza, Stephanus, selaku rekan-rekan terbaik yang selalu memberi perhatian, dukungan dan doa yang tulus selama proses studi di

  Universitas Bina Nusantara M eskipun dirasakan usaha yang dilakukan telah maksimal, akan tetapi Karya Tugas

  Akhir ini pastilah belum sempurna. Oleh karena itu, mohon maaf apabila terdapat kesalahan-kesalahan dan kekurangan-kekurangan dalam Karya Tugas Akhir ini. Saran, kritikan serta koreksi yang membangun sangat diharapkan untuk mencapai hasil yang optimal. Akhir kata, semoga Karya Tugas Akhir ini dapat memenuhi syarat dan tujuan yang ditentukan serta dapat bermanfaat bagi seluruh kalangan yang membacanya.

  Jakarta, Juni 2008 Penyusun,

  Angela Arlina

  LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ..................................................................................... i LEMBAR PENGES AHAN ...................................................................................... ii KATA PENGANTAR .............................................................................................. iii RIWAYAT HID UP .................................................................................................. v DAFTAR IS I............................................................................................................. vi ABS TRAK ( Bahasa Indonesia).............................................................................. x ABS TRACT (Bahasa Inggris)................................................................................. xii DAFTAR FOTO ....................................................................................................... xiv DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................ xvi DAFTAR TABEL..................................................................................................... xvii BAB I PENDAHULUAN .........................................................................................

  1 I.1. Latar Belakang.......................................................................................

  1 I.2. Maksud dan Tujuan...............................................................................

  5 I.3. Lingkup Pembahasan ............................................................................

  6 I.4. S istematika Pembahasan.......................................................................

  6 I.5. Kerangka Berpikir.................................................................................

  9 BAB II TINJAUAN DAN LANDAS AN TEORI ...................................................

  10 II.1. Tinjauan Umum....................................................................................

  10 II.1.1. Arsitektur...........................................................................................

  10 II.1.2. Flat/ Rumah S usun/ Apartemen.......................................................

  12 II.1.3. Elderly/ Warga Lanjut Usia.............................................................. 16

  II.2. Tinjauan Khusus...................................................................................

  21 II.2.1. Sustainable Design/ Desain Berkelanjutan......................................

  21 II.2.2. Water Efficiency/ Hemat air.............................................................. 28 II.2.3. Smart Home/ Rumah Pintar..............................................................

  34 II.2.4. Arsitektur Betawi ..............................................................................

  36 II.2.5. Tapak ..................................................................................................

  39 II.3. S tudi Banding........................................................................................

  40 II.3.1. S urvei Literatur.................................................................................

  41 II.3.2. S urvei Lapangan (Panti Werda 1 Lantai).......................................

  44 II.3.3. S urvei Lapangan (Panti Werda Bertingkat/ 4 Lantai) ..................

  55 BAB III PERMAS ALAHAN ...................................................................................

  60 III.1. Aspek Manusia....................................................................................

  60 III.2. Aspek Lingkungan.............................................................................. 60 III.3. Aspek Bangunan .................................................................................

  60 BAB IV ANALIS IS ..................................................................................................

  62 IV.1.Analisa Kondisi dan Potensi Lingkungan.......................................... 62 IV.1.1. Analisa Pengolahan Lokasi .............................................................

  62 IV.1.2. Analisa Tapak...................................................................................

  65

  IV.1.4. Analisa Karakter dan Lingkungan Tapak.....................................

  88 IV.3. Analisa Aspek Bangunan....................................................................

  

IV.3.6. Analisa Utilitas dan Kelengkapan Pendukung Bangunan ........... 102

  96 IV.3.5. Analisa Perabotan dan Teknologi Rumah Pintar......................... 101

  93 IV.3.4. Analisa Material...............................................................................

  92 IV.3.3. Analisa Modul dan S truktur...........................................................

  91 IV.3.2. Analisa View .....................................................................................

  90 IV.3.1. Analisa Bentuk Bangunan...............................................................

  86 IV.2.6. Bu bble Diagram................................................................................

  71 IV.1.5. S istem Sirkulasi dalam Tapak ........................................................

  83 IV.2.5. Analisa Kebutuhan Ruang Luar.....................................................

  80 IV.2.3. Analisa Aktifitas Sehari-hari dan Kegiatan Pengguna Bangunan 81 IV.2.4. Analisa Program Ruang dan Kegiatan ..........................................

  79 IV.2.2. Karakter Lansia Mandiri ................................................................

  79 IV.2.1. Analisa Pelaku Kegiatan..................................................................

  78 IV.2. Analisa Aspek Manusia......................................................................

  76 IV.1.7. Zoning................................................................................................

  73 IV.1.6. Ruang Terbuka-Ruang Hijau .........................................................

  

IV.3.7. Analisa Utilitas Plumbing................................................................ 109

  

V.1. Dasar Perencanaan dan Perancangan................................................ 117

  

V.2. Konsep Perencanaan dan Perancangan ............................................. 118

  

V.2.1. Lokasi.................................................................................................. 118

  

V.2.2. Tapak .................................................................................................. 119

  

V.2.3. Ruang .................................................................................................. 120

  

V.2.4. Estetika Bangunan............................................................................. 121

  

V.2.5. S truktur Bangunan............................................................................ 123

   V.2.6. Utilitas Bangunan .............................................................................. 123

  

V.3. Penekanan Khusus................................................................................ 125

  V.3.1. Penekanan pada Water Efficiency .................................................... 125

  

V.3.2. Penekanan pada Perancangan bagi Lansia..................................... 127

  

V.4. Tuntutan Rancangan............................................................................ 128

Daftar Pustaka.......................................................................................................... 129 Lampiran................................................................................................................... 132

  Foto 1. Atap rumah Setu Babakan.............................................................................. 37 Foto 2. Jendela Setu Babakan..................................................................................... 37 Foto 3. Jendela tanpa daun......................................................................................... 38 Foto 4. Pintu Setu Babakan ........................................................................................ 38 Foto 5. Lisplank Setu Babakan................................................................................... 38 Foto 6. Railing Setu Babakan..................................................................................... 39 Foto 7. Pagar hidup .................................................................................................... 39 Foto 8. Tampak Panti Pusaka..................................................................................... 45 Foto 9. Tampak samping (renovasi di atas) ............................................................... 45 Foto 10. Data lansia Pusaka 41 .................................................................................. 45 Foto 11. Ruang serbaguna .......................................................................................... 45 Foto 12. Teras............................................................................................................. 45 Foto 13. Tempat jemur............................................................................................... 45 Foto 14. Tipe kamar ................................................................................................... 45 Foto 15. Ceiling kamar ............................................................................................... 45 Foto 16. Dapur umum ................................................................................................ 46 Foto 17. K.mandi........................................................................................................ 46 Foto 18. Bak mandi .................................................................................................... 46 Foto 19. Tempat cuci.................................................................................................. 46 Foto 20. M ain Entrance Bina Bakti............................................................................ 46 Foto 21. Lapangan Outdoor........................................................................................ 46

  Foto 23. Interior ruang serbaguna indoor ................................................................... 46 Foto 24. Entrance ke kompleks .................................................................................. 47 Foto 25. Blok rawat inap............................................................................................ 47 Foto 26. Asrama karyawan......................................................................................... 47 Foto 27. Tempat jemur............................................................................................... 47 Foto 28. Kantor panti.................................................................................................. 47 Foto 29. Ruang tamu kantor....................................................................................... 47 Foto 30. Apotek.......................................................................................................... 48 Foto 31. Ruang dokter................................................................................................ 48 Foto 32. Unit karyawan.............................................................................................. 48 Foto 33. K.M. karyawan............................................................................................. 48 Foto 34. Ruang serbaguna dalam kompleks............................................................... 48 Foto 35. Interior R. Serbaguna dalam kompleks ........................................................ 48 Foto 36. Ramp 1......................................................................................................... 48 Foto 37. Ramp 2......................................................................................................... 48 Foto 38. Selasar .......................................................................................................... 48 Foto 39. Jalan salib1................................................................................................... 48 Foto 40. Jalan salib 2.................................................................................................. 49 Foto 41. Dapur di blok mandiri .................................................................................. 49 Foto 42. Unit mandiri ................................................................................................. 49 Foto 43. Unit rawat..................................................................................................... 49 Foto 44. Koridor 1...................................................................................................... 49

  Foto 46. Koridor 2...................................................................................................... 49 Foto 47. Koridor K.M................................................................................................. 49 Foto 48. R. M akan lansia............................................................................................ 49 Foto 49. R. Cuci mayat............................................................................................... 49 Foto 50. M ain Entrance Hana I .................................................................................. 50 Foto 51. Parkir tamu Hana I....................................................................................... 50 Foto 52. R. Serbaguna Hana I & Poliklinik Hana I.................................................... 50 Foto 53. Kantor pengelola Hana I .............................................................................. 50 Foto 54. Bangsal rawat Hana I ................................................................................... 50 Foto 55. Blok hunian Hana I ...................................................................................... 51 Foto 56. Bangunan servis Hana I ............................................................................... 51 Foto 57. Tempat jemur............................................................................................... 51 Foto 58. Gazebo di tengah taman Hana I ................................................................... 51 Foto 59. Gazebo Hana I.............................................................................................. 51 Foto 60. Tipe unit 1 orang.......................................................................................... 51 Foto 61. K. M andi 1................................................................................................... 52 Foto 62. K. M andi 2................................................................................................... 52 Foto 63. R. Serbaguna ................................................................................................ 52 Foto 64. R. M akan...................................................................................................... 52 Foto 65. Selasar .......................................................................................................... 52 Foto 66. Koridor......................................................................................................... 52 Foto 67. Tangga.......................................................................................................... 52

  Foto 69. M ain Entrance Hana II................................................................................. 52 Foto 70. Side Entrance Hana II .................................................................................. 52 Foto 71. Jalur pejalan kaki Hana II ............................................................................ 53 Foto 72. View dari pintu masuk Hana II.................................................................... 53 Foto 73. Batas koridor................................................................................................ 53 Foto 74. Koridor Hana II............................................................................................ 53 Foto 75. Koridor unit.................................................................................................. 53 Foto 76. Plafond-glass block ...................................................................................... 53 Foto 77. Unit hunian Hana II-1orang......................................................................... 54 Foto 78. Fasilitas unit................................................................................................. 54 Foto 79. K.mandi/unit ................................................................................................ 54 Foto 80. Shower + railing........................................................................................... 54 Foto 81. Plafond K.mandi .......................................................................................... 54 Foto 82.Tampak Aussi ............................................................................................... 56 Foto 83. Teras Aussi................................................................................................... 56 Foto 84. Ruang serba guna Aussi............................................................................... 56 Foto 85. Ruang tamu tiap lantai Aussi....................................................................... 56 Foto 86. Unit standart 1 Aussi.................................................................................... 56 Foto 87. Unit standart 2 Aussi.................................................................................... 56 Foto 88. Unit VVIP Aussi.......................................................................................... 57 Foto 89. Lobby lift Aussi ........................................................................................... 57 Foto 90. Wastafel ....................................................................................................... 57

  Foto 92. Shower ......................................................................................................... 57 Foto 93. Tombol darurat............................................................................................. 57 Foto 94. Ruang makan bersama ................................................................................. 57 Foto 95. Dapur bersih................................................................................................. 57 Foto 96. Koridor 1...................................................................................................... 58 Foto 97. Ramp1.......................................................................................................... 58 Foto 98. Ramp2.......................................................................................................... 58 Foto 99. Lift 2............................................................................................................. 58 Foto 100. Rawat inap darurat ..................................................................................... 58 Foto 101. Dapur kotor................................................................................................ 58 Foto 102. Genset......................................................................................................... 58 Foto 103. Outdoor AC................................................................................................ 58 Foto 104. Gazebo ....................................................................................................... 59 Foto 105. Ramp taman ............................................................................................... 59 Foto 106. M ikrolet lewat Jalan Sulaiman................................................................... 72 Foto 107. M ikrolet masuk Jalan Salam ...................................................................... 72 Foto 108. Batas dari Jalan Salam (jalan 10 meter)..................................................... 72 Foto 109. Batas dari Jalan Sulaiman (jalan 10 meter)................................................ 72 Foto 110. Situasi siang Jalan Kebon Jeruk................................................................. 73 Foto 111. Situasi sore Jalan Kebon Jeruk................................................................... 73

  Gambar 1. Dimensi dalam keberlanjutan ................................................................... 23 Gambar 2. Sustainability ............................................................................................ 25 Gambar 3. Desain berkelanjutan dan pencegahan polusi........................................... 27 Gambar 4. Smart Home.............................................................................................. 34 Gambar 5. Aplikasi smart home................................................................................. 36 Gambar 6. Blok Plan Setu Babakan ........................................................................... 36 Gambar 7. Ornamen Betawi....................................................................................... 37 Gambar 8. Jendela Betawi.......................................................................................... 38 Gambar 9. Pintu Betawi ............................................................................................. 38 Gambar 10. Ornamen atap.......................................................................................... 38 Gambar 11. Langkan Betawi...................................................................................... 39 Gambar 12. Pagar Betawi........................................................................................... 39 Gambar 13.Daerah lokasi alternatif tapak.................................................................. 40 Gambar 14. The Sylvestery at Vision Hall................................................................. 42 Gambar 15. Sunrise of La Jolia .................................................................................. 42 Gambar 16. Brewster Village ..................................................................................... 42 Gambar 17. Summer on Ridgewood .......................................................................... 42 Gambar 18. Chestnut Square at the Glen ................................................................... 42 Gambar 19. Sun City-Japan........................................................................................ 42 Gambar 20. Franciscan Sisters at Chicago ................................................................. 42 Gambar 21. M okeen Towers; FL............................................................................... 42

  Gambar 23. The Outcome I........................................................................................ 43 Gambar 24. Apartemen The Outcome ...................................................................... 43 Gambar 25. The HCM “Brand” ................................................................................. 43 Gambar 26. Bangunan lansia...................................................................................... 43 Gambar 27. Gedung pensiunan .................................................................................. 43 Gambar 28. Avalon Square ........................................................................................ 43 Gambar 29. The Jefferson, Arlington, VA ................................................................. 43 Gambar 30. Alternatif tapak....................................................................................... 64 Gambar 31. Fasilitas tapak......................................................................................... 65

  Gambar 32. Tapak...................................................................................................... 66 Gambar 33. Bentuk akibat matahari .......................................................................... 67

  Gambar 34. Pengaruh arah angin ............................................................................... 68 Gambar 35. Jenis topografi dan banjir ...................................................................... 69 Gambar 36. Zoning bising; potensi bising; foto di siang hari dan menjelang sore .... 70 Gambar 37. Ketinggian dan peruntukan bangunan sekitar ........................................ 72

  Gambar 38. Aksesibilitas ........................................................................................... 73 Gambar 39. Sirkulasi kendaraan sekitar tapak........................................................... 75 Gambar 40. Entrance tapak ........................................................................................ 75 Gambar 41. Zoning Tapak.......................................................................................... 78 Gambar 42. View ke dalam ........................................................................................ 92

  Gambar 43. Bored pile ............................................................................................... 94 Gambar 44. Struktur rangka sederhana...................................................................... 95

  Gambar 46. Konsumsi air pada material dalam seluruh sektor gedung..................... 97 Gambar 47. Aplikasi teknologi pada perabotan/ elemen bangunan ........................... 101 Gambar 48-0. Siklus air; siklus hemat air .................................................................. 110 Gambar 48. Contoh perbandingan konsumsi air biasa dan konsumsi hemat air........ 111 Gambar 49. Saluran air hujan; tangki air hujan.......................................................... 114 Gambar 50. Konservasi air hujan ............................................................................... 115

  Gambar 51. Kloset TOTO dual flush......................................................................... 116 Gambar 52. Lokasi tapak............................................................................................ 118 Gambar 53. Sirkulasi dalam tapak ............................................................................. 119 Gambar 54. Kursi roda; mesin daur tapak.................................................................. 121 Gambar 55. Perkembangan bentuk massa.................................................................. 122 Gambar 56. Struktur rangka ....................................................................................... 123 Gambar 57. Reedbeds................................................................................................. 124 Gambar 58. Teknologi TOPAS.................................................................................. 124 Gambar 59. Beberapa penampungan air hujan pada bangunan ................................. 126 Gambar 60. Lift, railing, auto-window....................................................................... 127 Gambar 61. Site plan.................................................................................................. 128

  Tabel 1. Ciri khas Arsitektur Betawi ......................................................................... 36 Tabel 2. Keterangan penilaian Tapak......................................................................... 40 Tabel 3. Survei literatur............................................................................................. 41 Tabel 4. Survei Lapangan Panti Werda 1 Lantai........................................................ 44 Tabel 5. Survei Lapangan (Panti Werda Bertingkat/ 4 Lantai) .................................. 55 Tabel 6. Penilaian alternatif tapak.............................................................................. 64 Tabel 7. Keunggulan tapak......................................................................................... 65 Tabel 8. Regulasi tapak .............................................................................................. 66 Tabel 9. Analisa arah orientasi ................................................................................... 71 Tabel 10. Perbandingan kriteria kenyamanan dan keadaan tapak.............................. 71 Tabel 11. Karakter lingkungan tapak ......................................................................... 71 Tabel 12. Aksebilitas alternatif entrance ................................................................... 73 Tabel 13. Analisa Entrance ........................................................................................ 74 Tabel 14. Jadwal kegiatan lansia mandiri .................................................................. 81 Tabel 15. Program dan persyaratan ruang.................................................................. 84 Tabel 16. Program dan dimensi ruang........................................................................ 85 Tabel 17. Program ruang unit fleksibel - tipe 1.......................................................... 86 Tabel 18. Program ruang unit tipe 2........................................................................... 86 Tabel 19. Program ruang unit fleksibel – tipe 2 orang............................................... 86 Tabel 20. Alternatif penataan parkir........................................................................... 86 Tabel 21. Perhitungan kebutuhan luas parkir............................................................. 87

  Tabel 23. Alternatif modul ......................................................................................... 93 Tabel 24. Alternatif pondasi....................................................................................... 93 Tabel 25. Alternatif struktur atas................................................................................ 94 Tabel 26. Alternatif struktur atap ............................................................................... 95 Tabel 27. Alternatif pemilihan material dinding........................................................ 97 Tabel 28. Alternatif pemilihan lantai ......................................................................... 98 Tabel 29. Alternatif pemilihan material plafond ........................................................ 98 Tabel 30. Alternatif pemilihan material bahan penutup atap..................................... 99 Tabel 31. Tabel pemilihan material berdasarkan ketahanan terhadap waktu............. 100 Tabel 32. Contoh Aplikasi Smart Home .................................................................... 101 Tabel 33. Intensitas cahaya pada ruangan ................................................................. 104 Tabel 34. Intensitas bising ruang................................................................................ 104 Tabel 35. Perbandingan penghawaan alami dan penghawaan buatan........................ 105 Tabel 36. Sirkulasi horizontal bangunan .................................................................... 105 Tabel 37. Sirkulasi vertikal bangunan ........................................................................ 106 Tabel 38. Perlakuan terhadap kebakaran.................................................................... 106 Tabel 39. Alternatif penangkal petir........................................................................... 108 Tabel 40. Jenis air....................................................................................................... 109 Tabel 41. Perhitungan air bersih................................................................................. 111 Tabel 42. Perbandingan konsumsu biasa dengan konsumsi hemat air....................... 112 Tabel 43. Perhitungan air hujan sebagai sumber air bersih utama bangunan ............ 113 Tabel 44.Perbandingan jenis kloset ............................................................................ 116