A STUDY ON THE CODE.SWIrcHING
A STUDYON THE CODE.SWIrcHINGAS DISPLAYEDBY
THE ACCOUNTOFFICERSOF 'BISNISBANK' IN SURABAYA
A THESIS
In PenialFultillmcruof thc Rcquirenens
for the SrrjenePcndUikrnDcgrccin
Englirh Langne3cTeaching
)s foo
TK-i2
Som
s-,
By:
\ (5aht
SILVIANGGAJUNI
SAMUDRO
r2r3092054
UMVERSITASKA1DLIK WIDYAMANDAIA SURABAYA
FAKUI.JTAS
KEGURUANDAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN
JURUSANPENDIDIKANBAHASADAN SENI
PROGRAMSTUDIPENDIDIKANBAHASAINGGRIS
AUGUST.1998
,rirJF [i r'i(,/r''il* !:il.-lF:
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H i \| .t1 ,.." Il ' J s l -i f r ri i i ' Y i :l
f)r'epared
been
eriti.t.Lc,ct
a r t c J q ; n h r m ih L n r l l : . r ' ; { : : i i . .v1, r. . l\11o {::1.:i
i ltn i. 'jl;.rni t..rr:l
r- r:i
approvEd
and
re fl l ti re l n e rn l :s
fn r
accr'ptr".,cJ ei;
nf
t he
IN
Eriij 1i.q:h LiiinnL-raee Te;rcfrinq
i ,.fi el l l i ar r
F..:rr" L r ri .l
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F:'{*fi {:Ji. {J.i l. ii n
i'i.r.l .l {:rr-Jin
d ': r:1r'c,re
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APPROVALSTIEET
1r\
This
thesis
has
been
examined
by
the
c o r n m i t t e e on
O r a l Ex a m i n a ti o n
w i th a g ra d e o f
on 14 Aeustus 1998
Drs. Barthol
Dra. M.N.
us Budiyono,
Drs. Ignatius Harjanto, M.Pd.
Tamah,M.Pd.
Member
Approved by
Diptoadi,
Dean of the
Teacher Training
Col lege
t i l V i d i a ti ,
English Department
ACKNOT^,LEDGEI4ENTS
The
and is
ready
for
thrr:urgh
God's
Almiohty
for
sltcceedecl i.n f inighinq
f inal ly
writer
the
eliarn. And this
thesis
blessings.
the
only
thesi.si
;:ossi.bl.e
t h a n l ' ; . 9 L ic tc - l t h e l
€ihe. there-f ore.
guridance in
His
ig
the
process
crf
this
writlng
t hers.i.s .
Next
wants
she
whrl have sutpported
sisters
h e r - s 't t - t cyl a n d e s p e c i a l
algo
t-han!.:her
tn
appreciateg
c o r - r1 . d c o r n p l e t e
the
in
she
ig
also
ment of
with
her
to
the
for
his
imprcrvement of
erate f r-tI to
necesgary
theei.e.
Lhis
encoLtraqement eo
thanl,:s frer thesi!i
the
in
Etre
gh*
that
st.tgqest-ions
ttrer thesi.s.
rr'f the
Beeidee
Encllislr
for
Univer-sit7
DrE.
adviEnr.
wri.tinq
aclvice.
Iecturers
tdidrza Manclala Eatholic
the
of
writi.ng
the
lv
and spiritlt;tl
theis.
Stef anr-ts t-an;r Tlrhan MFd..
correcti.ons
maLer:Lal Iy
constant
their
sincerel'/
Ehe
ly
her
and
hratherE
r:arent-s.
knowledge.
partict-tlar1;z
thanl,;g her
f riends
that:
Dep;rlL-
providlng
English.
and
her
dLtrinql
stltrJy,
Fina I ly.
prayers
they
1 , v 1 1 r - r r - i n qt h e
ghs
fl.rve her
wri.ti.nq
f or
sLlpFc:rf- and
t-he
dltri.nct the
str-tcly ''lFars ancl part-ict-tlar-
and to
c-ompletrr:n r:f
the
'[
tfti.s ttresis.
he r^rriter,,
-ssi
-
TABLE t"]F.COhITHNI].5
F aqe-.
fS
ACF:.|!ONLEDiiE-NtsN
ii
I A B L I I O F { : O N I - H N T $. . .
t- t.
AESIH1\UI
il. v
CH'TF ER
I:
I I ' J T F O I I U C T I O h. I.
.1 " .1 T h e
l
r,f
Ea c l .;e trournd
S t a t e m e n t - s s ,i
the
. 1, f , T h e O b r .et c t i v e s
of
L. !
1.4
th| 3
?
the
4
Stutdy
the
I. 5 The Scoper ancl Linrit-at.ion
ca I
Theoreti
1.7
The Def inition
CHAF EF III:
of
of
1. B Clrqani:ation
CHAFTER i I:
SLrtcl'z
a f 5t-rrdy. .
Frameworl';
1.5
1
F'rotrlern . . ,
of
The $ignificance
5 t-t-td' r'
h : : e yl - e r m g
thF
Thesi.s
5
5
6
7
'1 1
F l E V i E b l O F R E L A - | E D L I T E R A T T J F I E. .
Theor-i.es
t. I
Related
l. I
fte I at-ed 5t-t-tdies
:9
R E S E A R C HI'lETHOD
li, l. l he l'laturre of
''::
-l
3.f,
-r k^
the
S tt-td'z
39
S u r bj e c t s
I n s t r u r m e nl - - s . . .
The llesearch
.l1
=.i
1.4
ThF ljata
_i:
Ihe
|:.i
Snurrce ...
Frocerlr-rre of
t-ol lectrn-c1 the
0ata
'tt
L
T',he F r o c e d t - r r e o f
A n . rI y : i n q
the
Data
CHAF.TER IV:
THE FINDIN6S
4.1
The
AhID
Find ings
n
T (:TI
lili-'I
r-'lh l,::
and
Dis:r-r-rssionE
of
ancl
Il i s cr-rsg i . on s
o1'
and
IJi g curss i . on g
mf
Int-erview.l
A1
The
Fincl ings
Interview
4.3
The
F incl inqs
Interview
4.4
The
tiHAFTER
The
lj
Fincl i.nqg
lnterview
4.5
i
a n r i L ) i . e c u r E s i c r n s c tf
65
4
S i n mma nz o f
the
F:indinas
"/4
V : CONCLTJS
IOhl . .
5. 1 Srrmmar./ of
5. f
;r .l
the
Fi.ndi.nqs-,
1n
75
Surqeestion
E T I E I L I O G R A F H Y. .
A F ' F . E N Di X E 5
l. 11.
AB S TR A C I
As
C ode-S w i tchi nq
on the
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i
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l
t
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a
n
k
"
by the Account
Officers
Displayed
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flccl-tr-r-{trncer'
f ppclt..tt:nc',.
of
r. i prwg .
The rJata analysis
bror-rght the f ol lowing reslrltst
Firet.
the
lanqlrages mostly
su,itched
were
HneIish.
i,tvanege
and
Chinese. The code-switchinq
irom
Indonesiarr
( w h j . c h w a s t h e r n e dj . L t m o f t h e j . n t e r v i . e w s ) t o [ i - n q1 i . s l r o c c L r r r € , : c l
49
times n to Javanese lts time's and to
Chinese
18
L.irnes.
9econcl.
the f actors
a c c o n n ' h E : d f o r t - h e c o d e - . g wj . t c h i n g
were:
( 1)
sehtineg
r:f interviFws
are f orrnal. burt finct: in a
while
becamr: j.nf ormal l (l)
participant
relati.onshi.p
was distance
ghowinq surperir:rity
with
l.ow eol idarity
br-tt once in a whi 1e
"
j
,
n
q
j
.
g
h
j
.
d
arity
show
(:l)
h
sol
c lt . . r et n e t f r n i . c
iclentr.tyi
thE:
f Lrnction w-r,s ref erent!a1.
af f c:ctive .rnd rhetnrical
a
n
c
l
i
i4)
"
partici.pants'
the
a t t j . t r - r d e s w e r e p o s i t i . v r s d L r e L . o m r _L rt j . I j . n - qutalism.
Ehclwine ethnic
conscior-tsnesg ancl Lrnawareness when
code.-!iwitching .
l ' h i . r c l. t h e r e l a t - i v e l y
hi.qh f requrency of
cotJe-gtritchinct
resLrl ted
in the ef{ectivenegs
of the intevi.ews.
smocjthenecl
ther progregs
of the i.ntervis+wg Eo that
the f\ccor.rnt Of f j.cs.ir:l
and their
cLrEtomers r-rnderEtood each other bettter.
In
b r i e f r o n e c a n s a / t h a t t h e r c o c l e - s w j "t c h i n q
clone hy
both
the
Accournt Dfficers
and bheir
cLrstr:mers have
been
proper
and effective
for the sal.te of
LrettE:r
u r rc ie r s t a n d i n c l
between
them in terms of thr: sLrccessfulness of doincJ br-rs:inesg.
The
wr i ter hopes that
t h e s t r " . r t l yn n c . l e r r e p o r t
wi 1 I
be
able
to
st-imt-rlate other stLrdent-s of
socio-1inqr-rist j.cs
to
carry
oL(t oth€?r regearcheg
nn the asgrects c:f
cocJe-swi tch j_ncl
particurlar
in
and on other aspects of socio*l inguristics
in
genera I .
'l
he
w r j . t e r a l s o h o p e s t h a t t h e f i . r r ci ln g s o f t h i E
str-rdy
q
l
v
e' a qood inpurt trr tl'ie field
gocisl ingr-rietics
s h o u rl r J
of
j"s to enrich
that
tfre hrancheg of Er:cinl inclr-risti ci;
sturdies
q
e
n
e r a l . , T h e f i n c J i n q s o f t h j . , : s t u r d y s h r - r rI.r. Jt a l s o
in
prr:p{ri*e
a n i n p r t t t o t h s f j . e l r l o f s o r : i o l i . n g t - t i . s ,j -t r s e s p e c i a l l y a t
the
Enelish
Department of WirJya l1anrJala LJnr',,ereit-v that
is
t-tr
qive a hetter
urnderstandi.nfi of rode-sl.,ritchinq.
THE ACCOUNTOFFICERSOF 'BISNISBANK' IN SURABAYA
A THESIS
In PenialFultillmcruof thc Rcquirenens
for the SrrjenePcndUikrnDcgrccin
Englirh Langne3cTeaching
)s foo
TK-i2
Som
s-,
By:
\ (5aht
SILVIANGGAJUNI
SAMUDRO
r2r3092054
UMVERSITASKA1DLIK WIDYAMANDAIA SURABAYA
FAKUI.JTAS
KEGURUANDAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN
JURUSANPENDIDIKANBAHASADAN SENI
PROGRAMSTUDIPENDIDIKANBAHASAINGGRIS
AUGUST.1998
,rirJF [i r'i(,/r''il* !:il.-lF:
Eil1.1.i
i f i r . E t h e s t : .s
iiF
an
" i: J . ls i h lr$
'i
i r iii 1..ii.,i r..rl'l l f'l[:
H i \| .t1 ,.." Il ' J s l -i f r ri i i ' Y i :l
f)r'epared
been
eriti.t.Lc,ct
a r t c J q ; n h r m ih L n r l l : . r ' ; { : : i i . .v1, r. . l\11o {::1.:i
i ltn i. 'jl;.rni t..rr:l
r- r:i
approvEd
and
re fl l ti re l n e rn l :s
fn r
accr'ptr".,cJ ei;
nf
t he
IN
Eriij 1i.q:h LiiinnL-raee Te;rcfrinq
i ,.fi el l l i ar r
F..:rr" L r ri .l
" :i l i ,:r
h . . / t -r i i i
'f t.r.[ i' .r..l nir;:rrt-
F:'{*fi {:Ji. {J.i l. ii n
i'i.r.l .l {:rr-Jin
d ': r:1r'c,re
'r,rl! -rljftr' ,
APPROVALSTIEET
1r\
This
thesis
has
been
examined
by
the
c o r n m i t t e e on
O r a l Ex a m i n a ti o n
w i th a g ra d e o f
on 14 Aeustus 1998
Drs. Barthol
Dra. M.N.
us Budiyono,
Drs. Ignatius Harjanto, M.Pd.
Tamah,M.Pd.
Member
Approved by
Diptoadi,
Dean of the
Teacher Training
Col lege
t i l V i d i a ti ,
English Department
ACKNOT^,LEDGEI4ENTS
The
and is
ready
for
thrr:urgh
God's
Almiohty
for
sltcceedecl i.n f inighinq
f inal ly
writer
the
eliarn. And this
thesis
blessings.
the
only
thesi.si
;:ossi.bl.e
t h a n l ' ; . 9 L ic tc - l t h e l
€ihe. there-f ore.
guridance in
His
ig
the
process
crf
this
writlng
t hers.i.s .
Next
wants
she
whrl have sutpported
sisters
h e r - s 't t - t cyl a n d e s p e c i a l
algo
t-han!.:her
tn
appreciateg
c o r - r1 . d c o r n p l e t e
the
in
she
ig
also
ment of
with
her
to
the
for
his
imprcrvement of
erate f r-tI to
necesgary
theei.e.
Lhis
encoLtraqement eo
thanl,:s frer thesi!i
the
in
Etre
gh*
that
st.tgqest-ions
ttrer thesi.s.
rr'f the
Beeidee
Encllislr
for
Univer-sit7
DrE.
adviEnr.
wri.tinq
aclvice.
Iecturers
tdidrza Manclala Eatholic
the
of
writi.ng
the
lv
and spiritlt;tl
theis.
Stef anr-ts t-an;r Tlrhan MFd..
correcti.ons
maLer:Lal Iy
constant
their
sincerel'/
Ehe
ly
her
and
hratherE
r:arent-s.
knowledge.
partict-tlar1;z
thanl,;g her
f riends
that:
Dep;rlL-
providlng
English.
and
her
dLtrinql
stltrJy,
Fina I ly.
prayers
they
1 , v 1 1 r - r r - i n qt h e
ghs
fl.rve her
wri.ti.nq
f or
sLlpFc:rf- and
t-he
dltri.nct the
str-tcly ''lFars ancl part-ict-tlar-
and to
c-ompletrr:n r:f
the
'[
tfti.s ttresis.
he r^rriter,,
-ssi
-
TABLE t"]F.COhITHNI].5
F aqe-.
fS
ACF:.|!ONLEDiiE-NtsN
ii
I A B L I I O F { : O N I - H N T $. . .
t- t.
AESIH1\UI
il. v
CH'TF ER
I:
I I ' J T F O I I U C T I O h. I.
.1 " .1 T h e
l
r,f
Ea c l .;e trournd
S t a t e m e n t - s s ,i
the
. 1, f , T h e O b r .et c t i v e s
of
L. !
1.4
th| 3
?
the
4
Stutdy
the
I. 5 The Scoper ancl Linrit-at.ion
ca I
Theoreti
1.7
The Def inition
CHAF EF III:
of
of
1. B Clrqani:ation
CHAFTER i I:
SLrtcl'z
a f 5t-rrdy. .
Frameworl';
1.5
1
F'rotrlern . . ,
of
The $ignificance
5 t-t-td' r'
h : : e yl - e r m g
thF
Thesi.s
5
5
6
7
'1 1
F l E V i E b l O F R E L A - | E D L I T E R A T T J F I E. .
Theor-i.es
t. I
Related
l. I
fte I at-ed 5t-t-tdies
:9
R E S E A R C HI'lETHOD
li, l. l he l'laturre of
''::
-l
3.f,
-r k^
the
S tt-td'z
39
S u r bj e c t s
I n s t r u r m e nl - - s . . .
The llesearch
.l1
=.i
1.4
ThF ljata
_i:
Ihe
|:.i
Snurrce ...
Frocerlr-rre of
t-ol lectrn-c1 the
0ata
'tt
L
T',he F r o c e d t - r r e o f
A n . rI y : i n q
the
Data
CHAF.TER IV:
THE FINDIN6S
4.1
The
AhID
Find ings
n
T (:TI
lili-'I
r-'lh l,::
and
Dis:r-r-rssionE
of
ancl
Il i s cr-rsg i . on s
o1'
and
IJi g curss i . on g
mf
Int-erview.l
A1
The
Fincl ings
Interview
4.3
The
F incl inqs
Interview
4.4
The
tiHAFTER
The
lj
Fincl i.nqg
lnterview
4.5
i
a n r i L ) i . e c u r E s i c r n s c tf
65
4
S i n mma nz o f
the
F:indinas
"/4
V : CONCLTJS
IOhl . .
5. 1 Srrmmar./ of
5. f
;r .l
the
Fi.ndi.nqs-,
1n
75
Surqeestion
E T I E I L I O G R A F H Y. .
A F ' F . E N Di X E 5
l. 11.
AB S TR A C I
As
C ode-S w i tchi nq
on the
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k
"
by the Account
Officers
Displayed
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l ^ t n r - l ; r . , . h e a lt :
t.et r-r-clrrl
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t:.,
t-ft(j
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1. rrlt0li:!f.]r'
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a s,r.rrr'nrar
it_em,:;
trr:rrf ic.t s,r,,li. [.c:hFjd i
1 -h: k r
In!i:rr-c t l ' c r : : d e , : - . * f ^ ll . f . c f t . i . r i r ; l l . l l
flccl-tr-r-{trncer'
f ppclt..tt:nc',.
of
r. i prwg .
The rJata analysis
bror-rght the f ol lowing reslrltst
Firet.
the
lanqlrages mostly
su,itched
were
HneIish.
i,tvanege
and
Chinese. The code-switchinq
irom
Indonesiarr
( w h j . c h w a s t h e r n e dj . L t m o f t h e j . n t e r v i . e w s ) t o [ i - n q1 i . s l r o c c L r r r € , : c l
49
times n to Javanese lts time's and to
Chinese
18
L.irnes.
9econcl.
the f actors
a c c o n n ' h E : d f o r t - h e c o d e - . g wj . t c h i n g
were:
( 1)
sehtineg
r:f interviFws
are f orrnal. burt finct: in a
while
becamr: j.nf ormal l (l)
participant
relati.onshi.p
was distance
ghowinq surperir:rity
with
l.ow eol idarity
br-tt once in a whi 1e
"
j
,
n
q
j
.
g
h
j
.
d
arity
show
(:l)
h
sol
c lt . . r et n e t f r n i . c
iclentr.tyi
thE:
f Lrnction w-r,s ref erent!a1.
af f c:ctive .rnd rhetnrical
a
n
c
l
i
i4)
"
partici.pants'
the
a t t j . t r - r d e s w e r e p o s i t i . v r s d L r e L . o m r _L rt j . I j . n - qutalism.
Ehclwine ethnic
conscior-tsnesg ancl Lrnawareness when
code.-!iwitching .
l ' h i . r c l. t h e r e l a t - i v e l y
hi.qh f requrency of
cotJe-gtritchinct
resLrl ted
in the ef{ectivenegs
of the intevi.ews.
smocjthenecl
ther progregs
of the i.ntervis+wg Eo that
the f\ccor.rnt Of f j.cs.ir:l
and their
cLrEtomers r-rnderEtood each other bettter.
In
b r i e f r o n e c a n s a / t h a t t h e r c o c l e - s w j "t c h i n q
clone hy
both
the
Accournt Dfficers
and bheir
cLrstr:mers have
been
proper
and effective
for the sal.te of
LrettE:r
u r rc ie r s t a n d i n c l
between
them in terms of thr: sLrccessfulness of doincJ br-rs:inesg.
The
wr i ter hopes that
t h e s t r " . r t l yn n c . l e r r e p o r t
wi 1 I
be
able
to
st-imt-rlate other stLrdent-s of
socio-1inqr-rist j.cs
to
carry
oL(t oth€?r regearcheg
nn the asgrects c:f
cocJe-swi tch j_ncl
particurlar
in
and on other aspects of socio*l inguristics
in
genera I .
'l
he
w r j . t e r a l s o h o p e s t h a t t h e f i . r r ci ln g s o f t h i E
str-rdy
q
l
v
e' a qood inpurt trr tl'ie field
gocisl ingr-rietics
s h o u rl r J
of
j"s to enrich
that
tfre hrancheg of Er:cinl inclr-risti ci;
sturdies
q
e
n
e r a l . , T h e f i n c J i n q s o f t h j . , : s t u r d y s h r - r rI.r. Jt a l s o
in
prr:p{ri*e
a n i n p r t t t o t h s f j . e l r l o f s o r : i o l i . n g t - t i . s ,j -t r s e s p e c i a l l y a t
the
Enelish
Department of WirJya l1anrJala LJnr',,ereit-v that
is
t-tr
qive a hetter
urnderstandi.nfi of rode-sl.,ritchinq.