7.1. Shelf Life Calculation 7.1.1. Brand M - Q10Values and Shelf Life Prediction of Commercial Seasoned Flour from Different Brands Packed in Different Packaging Using Accelerated Shelf Life Testing Method - Unika Repository

7. ATTACHMENTS

7.1. Shelf Life Calculation

  7.1.1. Brand M o

  2 Temperature (

  C) Equation R 25 y = 0.0009x - 0.4585 0.9591 35 y = 0.001x - 0.4565 0.985 45 y = 0.0011x - 0.4568 0.9672

  o

  Temperature (

  C) Temperature (K) K 1/T Ln k 25 298 0.0009 0.00336 -7.0131 35 308 0.001 0.00325 -6.9078 45 318 0.0011 0.00314 -6.8124

  Equation from ln k against 1/T : y = -912.27x - 3.9462 R² = 0.9992 Ea/R = -912.27 ln k = -3.9462 ; k = 0.019328009

  o o

• Ea/RT

  from equation k = k o e , k value for each temperature can be obtained: Temperature (K) K 298 0.0009

  308 0.0010 318 0.0011 Shelf life can be calculate :

  Ln Q Ln Q K Shelf life (days) Shelf life (months)

  e o

• 0.223 -0.453 0.0009 253.4819

  8.4

• 0.223 -0.453 0.0010 229.4991

  7.6

• 0.223 -0.453 0.0011 209.0884

  7.0

  7.1.2. Brand S o

  2 Temperature (

  C) Equation R 25 y = 0.0006x + 0.605 0.976 35 y = 0.0007x + 0.6055 0.9861 o

  Temperature (

  C) Temperature (K) K 1/T Ln k 25 298 0.0006 0.00336 -7.4186 35 308 0.0007 0.00325 -7.2644 45 318 0.0007 0.00314 -7.2644

  Equation from ln k against 1/T : y = -700.91x - 5.0378 R² = 0.75 Ea/R = -700.91 ln k = -5.0378 ; k = 0.006488006

  o o

• Ea/RT

  from equation k = k o e , k value for each temperature can be obtained: Temperature (K) K 298 0.0006

  308 0.0007 318 0.0007 Shelf life can be calculate :

  Q Q K Shelf life (days) Shelf life (months)

  e o

  0.8 0.6063 0.0006 313.69

  10.5 0.8 0.6063 0.0007 290.63

  9.7 0.8 0.6063 0.0007 270.55

  9.0

7.1.3. Brand SK

  o

  2 Temperature (

  C) Equation R 25 y = 0.0007x + 0.576 0.9739 35 y = 0.0007x + 0.5785 0.8875 45 y = 0.0008x + 0.5783 0.9646

  o

  Temperature (

  C) Temperature (K) K 1/T Ln k 25 298 0.0007 0.00336 -7.2644 35 308 0.0007 0.00325 -7.2644 45 318 0.0008 0.00314 -7.1309

  Equation from ln k against 1/T : y = -606.82x - 5.2477 R² = 0.75 Ea/R = -606.82 ln k o = -5.2477 ; k o = 0.005259602

7.1.4. Brand M.R

  25 y = 0.001x - 0.4583 0.9581 35 y = 0.0011x - 0.4571 0.9694 45 y = 0.0012x - 0.4554 0.9846

  Ln Q e Ln Q o K Shelf life (days) Shelf life (months)

  308 0.0011 318 0.0012 Shelf life can be calculate :

  , k value for each temperature can be obtained: Temperature (K) K 298 0.0010

  Equation from ln k against 1/T : y = -828.77x - 4.1217 R² = 0.9993 Ea/R = -828.77 ln k o = -4.1217 ; k o = 0.016216922 from equation k = k o e

  C) Temperature (K) k 1/T Ln k 25 298 0.001 0.00336 -6.90776 35 308 0.0011 0.00325 -6.81245 45 318 0.0012 0.00314 -6.72543

  o

  Temperature (

  2

  Temperature (K) K 298 0.0007 308 0.0007 318 0.0008

  C) Equation R

  o

  Temperature (

  9.7

  10.3 0.8 0.5737 0.0008 290.048

  11.0 0.8 0.5737 0.0007 308.586

  0.8 0.5737 0.0007 329.678

  Shelf life can be calculate : Q e Q o K Shelf life (days) Shelf life (months)

• Ea/RT
• Ea/RT

  7.1.5. Brand S.R

  308 0.0007 318 0.0008 Shelf life can be calculate :

  o

  Temperature (

  25 y = 0.0008x + 0.573 0.9926 35 y = 0.0008x + 0.5737 0.9957 45 y = 0.0009x + 0.5741 0.9915

  2

  C) Equation R

  o

  Temperature (

  7.1.5. Brand SK.R

  8.3

  8.8 0.8 0.6063 0.0008 248.27

  9.4 0.8 0.6063 0.0007 264.14

  Q e Q o K Shelf life (days) Shelf life (months) 0.8 0.6063 0.0007 282.2

  , k value for each temperature can be obtained: Temperature (K) K 298 0.0007

  Temperature (

  = 0.005261706 from equation k = k o e

  o

  = -5.2473 ; k

  o

  Equation from ln k against 1/T : y = -606.95x - 5.2473 R² = 0.75 Ea/R = -606.95 ln k

  C) Temperature (K) k 1/T Ln k 25 298 0.0007 0.00336 -7.2644 35 308 0.0007 0.00325 -7.2644 45 318 0.0008 0.00314 -7.1309

  o

  Temperature (

  25 y = 0.0007x + 0.6066 0.9816 35 y = 0.0007x + 0.608 0.9719 45 y = 0.0008x + 0.6086 0.9775

  2

  C) Equation R

  o

  C) Temperature (K) k 1/T Ln k 25 298 0.0008 0.00336 -7.1309 Equation from ln k against 1/T : y = -535.36x - 5.3517 R² = 0.75 Ea/R = -535.36 ln k o = -5.3517 ; k o = 0.004740086 from equation k = k o e

• Ea/RT

  , k value for each temperature can be obtained: Temperature (K) K 298 0.0008

  308 0.0008 318 0.0009 Shelf life can be calculate :

  Q e Q e K Shelf life (days) Shelf life (months) 0.8 0.5737 0.0008 287.815

  9.6 0.8 0.5737 0.0008 271.507

  9.1 0.8 0.5737 0.0009 257.065

  8.6

7.2. Q

10 Calculation

  10 is ln Q 10 =

  10

  7.2.1. Brand M

  25 298 88804 829.09 0.093 1.098 35 308 94864 829.09 0.087 1.091 45 318 101124 829.09 0.082 1.085

  10

  10 Q

  (K) Ea/R Ln Q

  2

  C) T (K) T

  o

  = T (

  is ln Q

  T (

  10

  Equation to calculate Q

  7.2.2. Brand S

  25 298 88804 912.27 0.103 1.108 35 308 94864 912.27 0.096 1.101 45 318 101124 912.27 0.090 1.094

  Equation to calculate Q

  10 Q

  (K) Ea/R Ln Q

  2

  C) T (K) T

  o

  10

  7.2.3. Brand SK

  Equation to calculate Q

  T (

  o

  C) T (K) T

  2

  (K) Ea/R Ln Q

  10 Q

  10

  25 298 88804 395.55 0.045 1.046 35 308 94864 395.55 0.042 1.043 45 318 101124 395.55 0.039 1.040

  7.2.6. Brand SK.R

  10

  Equation to calculate Q

  is ln Q

  10

  = T (

  o

  C) T (K) T

  2

  (K) Ea/R Ln Q

  10 Q

  10

  10 is ln Q 10 =

  7.2.5. Brand S.R

  Equation to calculate Q

  10

  10

  is ln Q

  10

  = T (

  o

  C) T (K) T

  2

  (K) Ea/R Ln Q

  10 Q

  25 298 88804 606.82 0.068 1.071 35 308 94864 606.82 0.064 1.066 45 318 101124 606.82 0.060 1.062

  25 298 88804 828.77 0.093 1.098 35 308 94864 828.77 0.087 1.091 45 318 101124 828.77 0.082 1.085

  7.2.4. Brand M.R

  Equation to calculate Q

  10 is ln Q 10 =

  T (

  o

  C) T (K) T

  2

  (K) Ea/R Ln Q

  10 Q

  10

  25 298 88804 650.45 0.060 1.076 35 308 94864 650.45 0.056 1.071 45 318 101124 650.45 0.053 1.066

7.3. Analyses Data of Seasoned Flour Variables

7.3.1. Dispersibility

  14 2.917±0.003 2.871±0.002 2.847±0.004 21 2.904±0.002 2.858±0.003 2.833±0.002 28 2.883±0.001 2.843±0.003 2.806±0.002 35 2.871±0.002 2.830±0.002 2.799±0.004 42 2.859±0.003 2.810±0.005 2.782±0.002 49 2.841±0.003 2.792±0.001 2.762±0.001 56 2.834±0.002 2.776±0.002 2.751±0.001

  14 2.879±0.002 2.818±0.004 2.798±0.003 21 2.862±0.002 2.802±0.004 2.783±0.004 28 2.849±0.005 2.787±0.006 2.768±0.006 35 2.836±0.004 2.774±0.004 2.747±0.003 42 2.818±0.006 2.757±0.006 2.732±0.005

  S.R 2.393±0.006 2.393±0.006 2.393±0.006 7 2.905±0.020 2.831±0.002 2.817±0.007

  14 2.916±0.001 2.869±0.004 2.847±0.006 21 2.904±0.003 2.856±0.005 2.830±0.001 28 2.889±0.004 2.840±0.002 2.817±0.007 35 2.878±0.003 2.828±0.003 2.800±0.004 42 2.858±0.006 2.806±0.006 2.777±0.004 49 2.839±0.003 2.792±0.003 2.762±0.004 56 2.818±0.005 2.777±0.005 2.746±0.006

  S 2.393±0.006 2.393±0.006 2.393±0.006 7 2.925±0.027 2.899±0.015 2.857±0.003

  14 2.877±0.003 2.816±0.004 2.801±0.003 21 2.864±0.002 2.803±0.002 2.786±0.003 28 2.850±0.002 2.789±0.004 2.768±0.003 35 2.836±0.004 2.773±0.004 2.749±0.002 42 2.819±0.002 2.756±0.005 2.733±0.003 49 2.783±0.002 2.740±0.001 2.720±0.002 56 2.767±0.003 2.718±0.003 2.701±0.002

  M.R 2.938±0.012 2.938±0.012 2.938±0.012 7 2.898±0.018 2.831±0.004 2.818±0.003

  Brand Days Dispersibility (%)

  25

  o

  45

  C

  o

  35

  C

  o

  C M 2.938±0.012 2.938±0.012 2.938±0.012 7 2.928±0.008 2.901±0.017 2.856±0.002

  2.930±0.014 2.930±0.014 2.930±0.014 7 2.926±0.032 2.905±0.014 2.859±0.003 14 2.911±0.002 2.870±0.003 2.846±0.006 21 2.903±0.004 2.855±0.007 2.832±0.004 28 2.889±0.002 2.840±0.004 2.819±0.004

  SK 35 2.878±0.007 3.000±0.004 2.802±0.005 42 2.855±0.005 2.811±0.004 2.776±0.005 49 2.842±0.005 2.791±0.004 2.761±0.002 56 2.820±0.004 2.777±0.005 2.745±0.005

  2.930±0.014 2.930±0.014 2.930±0.014 7 2.904±0.011 2.831±0.007 2.819±0.001 14 2.880±0.003 2.819±0.008 2.802±0.002 21 2.865±0.004 2.806±0.004 2.786±0.003

  SK.R 28 2.849±0.003 2.788±0.007 2.771±0.002 35 2.834±0.003 2.774±0.004 2.749±0.005 42 2.819±0.004 2.759±0.002 2.735±0.001 49 2.783±0.003 2.743±0.006 2.723±0.005 56 2.769±0.005 2.720±0.002 2.706±0.001

7.3.2. Viscosity

  Viscosity (cP) Brand Days

  o o o

  25 C

  35 C

  45 C 66.667±5.774 66.667±5.774 66.667±5.774 7 66.667±5.774 66.667±5.774 63.333±5.774

  14 66.667±5.774 66.667±5.774 63.333±5.774 21 63.333±5.774 63.333±5.774 63.333±5.774 28 83.333±5.774 60.000±10.000 60.000±10.000

  M 35 60.000±10.000 60.000±10.000 60.000±10.000 42 56.667±5.774 56.667±5.774 53.333±5.774 49 53.333±5.774 40.000±10.000 50.000±10.000 56 50.000±10.000 46.667±5.774 43.333±5.774

  66.667±5.774 66.667±5.774 66.667±5.774 7 66.667±5.774 63.333±5.774 63.333±11.547 14 63.333±5.774 60.000±10.000 60.000±10.000 21 60.000±10.000 60.000±10.000 60.000±10.000

  M.R 28 80.000±10.000 56.667±10.000 56.667±5.774 35 53.333±5.774 53.333±5.774 53.333±5.774 42 56.667±5.774 50.000±10.000 50.000±10.000 49 50.000±10.000 46.667±5.774 43.333±5.774

  90.000±10.000 90.000±10.000 90.000±10.000 7 86.667±5.774 86.667±15.275 86.667±11.547 14 86.667±11.547 83.333±15.275 83.333±11.547 21 83.333±5.774 80.000±10.000 80.000±10.000 28 63.333±5.774 80.000±10.000 76.667±5.774

  S 35 80.000±10.000 76.667±11.547 76.667±11.547 42 80.000±10.000 73.333±11.547 73.333±5.774 49 76.667±11.547 73.333±5.774 70.000±10.000 56 73.333±5.774 70.000±10.000 66.667±5.774

  90.000±10.000 90.000±10.000 90.000±10.000 7 83.333±11.547 83.333±5.774 80.000±10.000 14 83.333±5.774 83.333±15.275 80.000±10.000 21 80.000±10.000 80.000±10.000 76.667±5.774

  S.R 28 60.000±10.000 76.667±5.774 76.667±5.774 35 76.667±5.774 73.333±5.774 73.333±11.547 42 73.333±11.547 73.333±5.774 70.000±10.000 49 70.000±10.000 66.667±5.774 66.667±5.774 56 66.667±5.774 63.333±11.547 60.000±10.000

  66.667±5.774 66.667±5.774 66.667±5.774 7 66.667±5.774 63.333±5.774 63.333±5.774 14 66.667±5.774 63.333±5.774 63.333±5.774 21 63.333±5.774 63.333±11.547 60.000±10.000 28 63.333±5.774 60.000±10.000 60.000±10.000

  SK 35 60.000±10.000 60.000±10.000 56.667±11.547 42 56.667±5.774 53.333±5.774 53.333±5.774 49 53.333±5.774 50.000±10.000 46.667±5.774 56 50.000±10.000 46.667±5.774 43.333±5.774

  66.667±5.774 66.667±5.774 66.667±5.774 7 63.333±5.774 63.333±5.774 63.333±5.774 14 63.333±5.774 63.333±5.774 60.000±10.000 21 60.000±10.000 60.000±10.000 56.667±5.774

  SK.R 28 60.000±10.000 56.667±5.774 56.667±5.774 35 56.667±5.774 53.333±5.774 53.333±5.774 42 56.667±5.774 50.000±10.000 50.000±10.000 49 50.000±10.000 46.667±5.774 43.333±5.774 56 46.667±5.774 43.333±5.774 43.333±5.774

7.3.3. Wettability

  14 388.333±11.015 430.000±11.000 470.000±7.211 21 415.667±8.145 462.667±7.095 490.000±2.646 28 431.000±6.557 484.333±6.807 519.000±5.132 35 464.333±16.503 526.333±14.844 553.333±6.807 42 492.667±8.505 556.333±11.504 582.667±4.726 49 525.333±15.011 594.333±4.726 616.667±5.686 56 565.667±8.622 618.667±9.018 652.333±5.859

  14 373.333±7.638 409,000±13.077 437.667±5.686 21 411.667±12.583 449.667±8.505 485.000±4.000 28 437.333±13.204 481.000±5.568 510.667±13.650 35 468.333±10.408 531.667±8.622 568.000±2.646 42 503.667±9.018 563.667±10.693 586.000±10.149 49 535.000±6.000 595.333±9.074 623.333±7.767 56 572.000±11.533 629.667±13.650 665.333±7.767

  S.R 331.667±10.408 331.667±10.408 331.667±10.408 7 352.667±6.807 403.000±6.557 420.333±1.528

  14 368.333±8.622 416.333±6.658 477.000±3.000 21 400.000±5.000 436.333±11.504 499.000±9.165 28 429.333±8.622 474.667±5.508 537.667±4.509 35 454.667±5.686 502.000±9.539 537.667±4.509 42 490.667±10.066 573.000±5.568 565.333±9.292 49 522.667±14.012 573.000±6.000 609.000±5.568 56 560.667±4.933 602.000±4.000 643.333±6.807

  S 331.667±10.408 331.667±10.408 331.667±10.408 7 340.667±4.041 377.333±4.041 417.333±2.082

  14 408.667±7.095 439.000±8.185 493.333±4.163 21 425.000±5.000 474.667±11.150 509.667±5.774 28 446.333±7.024 495.333±5.033 527.667±12.055 35 473.000±5.568 543.667±8.145 583.000±10.536 42 505.333±6.807 596.333±7.371 624.333±5.686 49 536.667±6.110 611.000±6.557 654.667±8.505 56 576.667±5.686 654.333±6.110 677.333±2.517

  M.R 355.667±3.055 355.667±3.055 355.667±3.055 7 375.667±2.082 416.333±9.713 455.333±6.110

  Brand Days Wettability (second)

  25

  o

  45

  C

  o

  35

  C

  o

  C M 355.667±3.055 355.667±3.055 355.667±3.055 7 368.000±3.464 391.000±24.759 441.000±3.606

  326.000±11.136 326.000±11.136 326.000±11.136 7 348.667±1.528 379.667±1.155 415.000±2.000 14 365.667±5.132 391.333±11.372 418.333±3.512 21 398.000±2.646 428.333±3.055 468.667±7.024 28 424.333±5.132 469.000±2.000 490.667±3.512

  SK 35 451.333±10.263 493.000±5.000 527.000±5.000 42 484.667±10.599 529.000±9.849 549.000±3.606 49 520.667±8.505 552.667±10.017 589.333±8.737 56 558.667±6.506 595.333±6.429 617.667±6.506

  326.000±11.136 326.000±11.136 326.000±11.136 7 351.667±7.638 388.000±18.028 418.333±3.055 14 377.000±10.149 416.000±7.000 434.000±3.606 21 403.667±7.572 438.667±2.517 476.667±5.132

  SK.R 28 432.667±10.214 474.333±6.028 500.000±2.646 35 462.667±15.144 513.667±10.599 540.333±1.528 42 494.333±9.018 544.667±7371 574.667±7.234 49 531.000±10.149 580.333±8.327 604±333±8.505 56 569.000±7.550 586.333±4.163 625.000±4.583

7.3.4. Water Activity

  Water Activity Brand Days

  o o o

  25 C

  35 C

  45 C 0.636±0.004 0.636±0.004 0.636±0.004 7 0.637±0.003 0.638±0.004 0.640±0.003

  14 0.638±0.002 0.641±0.001 0.642±0.002 21 0.641±0.001 0.645±0.001 0.643±0.002 28 0.646±0.001 0.649±0.001 0.650±0.001

  M 35 0.652±0.001 0.655±0.002 0.658±0.002 42 0.659±0.001 0.661±0.002 0.665±0.001 49 0.662±0.001 0.664±0.002 0.668±0.001 56 0.666±0.001 0.670±0.002 0.674±0.001

  0.636±0.004 0.636±0.004 0.636±0.004 7 0.638±0.001 0.639±0.001 0.641±0.002 14 0.640±0.001 0.642±0.003 0.645±0.001 21 0.642±0.001 0.643±0.001 0.647±0.001

  M.R 28 0.647±0.001 0.649±0.001 0.652±0.002 35 0.655±0.002 0.658±0.001 0.659±0.001 42 0.662±0.001 0.664±0.002 0.667±0.002 49 0.666±0.001 0.669±0.002 0.672±0.001

  S 0.606±0.001 0.606±0.001 0.606±0.001 7 0.608±0.002 0.609±0.002 0.610±0.001

  14 0.610±0.002 0.612±0.001 0.618±0.002 21 0.620±0.002 0.622±0.003 0.626±0.002 28 0.624±0.001 0.626±0.001 0.628±0.001 35 0.628±0.001 0.629±0.001 0.632±0.001 42 0.632±0.001 0.633±0.001 0.638±0.001 49 0.635±0.001 0.638±0.001 0.643±0.002 56 0.639±0.001 0.642±0.001 0.649±0.001

  S.R 0.606±0.001 0.606±0.001 0.606±0.001 7 0.610±0.001 0.612±0.001 0.612±0.001

  14 0.614±0.001 0.616±0.002 0.621±0.002 21 0.624±0.002 0.627±0.001 0.630±0.002 28 0.626±0.001 0.629±0.002 0.630±0.002 35 0.630±0.001 0.635±0.001 0.635±0.001 42 0.635±0.001 0.638±0.001 0.640±0.002 49 0.639±0.001 0.642±0.001 0.646±0.001 56 0.642±0.001 0.644±0.001 0.652±0.001

  SK 0.574±0.003 0.574±0.003 0.574±0.003 7 0.579±0.001 0.582±0.002 0.583±0.001

  14 0.588±0.001 0.587±0.001 0.592±0.001 21 0.591±0.002 0.599±0.001 0.600±0.001 28 0.599±0.001 0.609±0.002 0.603±0.001 35 0.601±0.001 0.601±0.002 0.610±0.002 42 0.606±0.001 0.609±0.001 0.611±0.002 49 0.609±0.002 0.612±0.002 0.618±0.001 56 0.612±0.001 0.615±0.001 0.622±0.002

  SK.R 0.574±0.003 0.574±0.003 0.574±0.003 7 0.577±0.002 0.579±0.001 0.580±0.002

  14 0.585±0.002 0.587±0.002 0.588±0.001 21 0.591±0.002 0.591±0.001 0.594±0.002 28 0.592±0.001 0.595±0.001 0.596±0.002 35 0.601±0.002 0.604±0.001 0.607±0.002 42 0.606±0.001 0.609±0.001 0.613±0.002 49 0.611±0.002 0.615±0.002 0.619±0.001 56 0.617±0.001 0.620±0.001 0.624±0.001

7.3.5. Bulk Density

  14 0.406±0.001 0.420±0.001 0.427±0.001 21 0.415±0.002 0.427±0.001 0.436±0.001 28 0.423±0.003 0.435±0.001 0.445±0.001 35 0.436±0.001 0.448±0.001 0.455±0.001 42 0.446±0.001 0.458±0.001 0.479±0.001 49 0.456±0.002 0.468±0.001 0.490±0.002 56 0.468±0.002 0.479±0.001 0.497±0.001

  14 0.414±0.001 0.421±0.002 0.431±0.002 21 0.421±0.001 0.431±0.001 0.440±0.002 28 0.432±0.002 0.442±0.001 0.457±0.002 35 0.444±0.002 0.454±0.002 0.468±0.001 42 0.454±0.002 0.468±0.001 0.481±0.001 49 0.456±0.002 0.476±0.001 0.494±0.002 56 0.476±0.001 0.485±0.002 0.503±0.002

  S.R 0.363±0.002 0.363±0.002 0.363±0.002 7 0.407±0.002 0.416±0.002 0.427±0.001

  14 0.406±0.001 0.417±0.002 0.426±0.002 21 0.415±0.001 0.426±0.001 0.435±0.001 28 0.425±0.002 0.434±0.002 0.445±0.002 35 0.436±0.002 0.448±0.001 0.455±0.002 42 0.446±0.001 0.458±0.001 0.473±0.002 49 0.456±0.001 0.468±0.001 0.488±0.001 56 0.468±0.001 0.478±0.001 0.497±0.001

  S 0.363±0.002 0.363±0.002 0.363±0.002 7 0.396±0.003 0.411±0.002 0.420±0.001

  14 0.413±0.001 0.421±0.002 0.432±0.003 21 0.421±0.001 0.431±0.002 0.441±0.002 28 0.432±0.002 0.441±0.001 0.456±0.002 35 0.443±0.002 0.453±0.003 0.468±0.001 42 0.454±0.001 0.468±0.001 0.480±0.002 49 0.456±0.001 0.476±0.001 0.492±0.003 56 0.476±0.002 0.484±0.001 0.503±0.002

  M.R 0.363±0.003 0.363±0.003 0.363±0.003 7 0.407±0.005 0.415±0.001 0.426±0.001

  Brand Days Bulk Density (g/ml)

  25

  o

  45

  C

  o

  35

  C

  o

  C M 0.363±0.003 0.363±0.003 0.363±0.003 7 0.396±0.003 0.413±0.002 0.419±0.002 SK 0.364±0.003 0.364±0.003 0.364±0.003 7 0.396±0.003 0.411±0.002 0.420±0.002

  14 0.406±0.001 0.420±0.002 0.427±0.001 21 0.415±0.002 0.426±0.001 0.435±0.001 28 0.425±0.001 0.434±0.002 0.445±0.002 35 0.436±0.002 0.447±0.001 0.456±0.001 42 0.446±0.001 0.458±0.001 0.473±0.002 49 0.457±0.001 0.469±0.001 0.487±0.002 56 0.468±0.002 0.479±0.002 0.497±0.002

  SK.R 0.364±0.003 0.364±0.003 0.364±0.003 7 0.407±0.002 0.416±0.001 0.426±0.001

  14 0.413±0.002 0.421±0.002 0.432±0.001 21 0.422±0.001 0.431±0.002 0.441±0.002 28 0.434±0.002 0.442±0.002 0.457±0.002 35 0.445±0.002 0.453±0.003 0.468±0.001 42 0.454±0.002 0.468±0.002 0.481±0.001 49 0.456±0.001 0.477±0.001 0.494±0.001 56 0.476±0.001 0.485±0.002 0.504±0.001

7.3.6. Water Content

  25

  o

  C

  35

  Brand Days Water Content (%)

  C

  45

  o

  C M 8.463±0.032 8.463±0.032 8.463±0.032 7 8.487±0.012 8,550±0,017 8,647±0,015

  14 8,547±0,021 8,610±0,017 8,697±0,021 21 8,607±0,015 8,687±0,015 8,767±0,006 28 8,677±0,006 8,760±0,010 8,847±0,015 35 8,750±0,020 8,837±0,015 8,917±0,023 42 8,830±0,010 8,907±0,015 9,073±0,072 49 8,900±0,017 9,087±0,049 9,220±0,026 56 8,963±0,012 9,223±0,031 9,340±0,020

  M.R 8.463±0.032 8.463±0.032 8.463±0.032 7 8,527±8,527 8,607±0,023 8,687±0,006

  14 8,587±0,015 8,670±0,020 8,747±0,015 21 8,657±0,012 8,757±0,015 8,810±0,020 28 8,723±0,015 8,837±0,012 8,897±0,021 35 8,803±0,032 8,893±0,015 9,033±0,084 42 8,867±0,015 9,033±0,075 9,177±0,006 49 8,953±0,015 9,197±0,006 9,283±0,012 56 9,090±0,087 9,300±0,010 9,417±0,025

  o S 8.457±0.029 8.457±0.029 8.457±0.029 7 8,483±0,012 8,547±0,015 8,643±0,006

  14 8,537±0,015 8,613±0,015 8,693±0,023 21 8,597±0,015 8,683±0,006 8,763±0,012 28 8,660±0,010 8,763±0,015 8,843±0,015 35 8,747±0,021 8,837±0,012 8,917±0,012 42 8,823±0,012 8,903±0,025 9,073±0,081 49 8,897±0,015 9,083±0,021 9,217±0,025 56 8,960±0,017 9,227±0,023 9,333±0,015

  S.R 8.457±0.029 8.457±0.029 8.457±0.029 7 8,520±0,010 8,603±0,021 8,683±0,012

  14 8,573±0,012 8,667±0,006 8,747±0,021 21 8,653±0,012 8,753±0,015 8,813±0,021 28 8,720±0,010 8,833±0,015 8,903±0,006 35 8,797±0,012 8,897±0,015 9,030±0,078 42 8,863±0,006 9,033±0,085 9,180±0,017 49 8,947±0,015 9,197±0,015 9,280±0,010 56 9,087±0,075 9,310±0,020 9,420±0,020

  SK 8.435±0.032 8.435±0.032 8.435±0.032 7 8,480±0,010 8,543±0,023 8,647±0,012

  14 8,537±0,021 8,613±0,025 8,697±0,015 21 8,593±0,015 8,687±0,021 8,760±0,017 28 8,657±0,015 8,757±0,012 8,840±0,010 35 8,743±0,012 8,833±0,015 8,913±0,015 42 8,820±0,017 8,900±0,017 9,070±0,061 49 8,893±0,012 8,900±0,100 9,070±0,010 56 8,957±0,012 9,080±0,017 9,220±0,026

  SK.R 8.435±0.032 8.435±0.032 8.435±0.032 7 8,513±0,006 8,603±0,025 8,677±0,012

  14 8,567±0,012 8,663±0,015 8,743±0,015 21 8,647±0,015 8,750±0,017 8,813±0,015 28 8,717±0,006 8,833±0,012 8,897±0,021 35 8,793±0,015 8,893±0,006 9,037±0,072 42 8,860±0,017 8,973±0,015 9,177±0,012 49 8,943±0,015 8,973±0,012 9,177±0,042 56 9,083±0,072 9,257±0,067 9,420±0,118

7.3.7. Starch Content

  14 41.060±1.006 42.773±1.165 41.733±1.143 21 41.453±1.018 42.567±1.179 41.387±0.130 28 40.953±0.976 42.207±0.277 41.420±1.561 35 40.327±0.122 41.807±1.127 41.227±1.376 42 40.227±1.759 39.313±1.306 38.067±1.602 49 40.893±1.499 38.593±1.212 37.660±1.182 56 38.747±0.824 38.680±0.541 33.527±0.537

  14 42.187±0.653 42.187±0.653 41.667±1516 21 41.993±0.260 40.913±1.166 40.820±1.004 28 41.720±1.185 40.793±1.288 40.740±1.077 35 41.633±1.003 40.673±1.123 40.307±0.150 42 41.607±0.583 40.400±0.610 39.893±0.633 49 40.287±0.316 39.187±1.315 38.887±0.766 56 39.307±0.929 38.593±1.212 36.113±1.085

  S.R 45.213±4.700 45.213±4.700 45.213±4.700 7 43.240±0.726 42.420±0.347 41.967±1.767

  14 42.840±0.111 42.033±0.474 41.593±1.191 21 41.707±1.149 41.533±0.773 41.493±1.009 28 41.607±0.583 41.500±0.451 41.593±1.191 35 41.660±1.182 41.400±1.440 41.107±0.601 42 40.640±1.146 40.980±0.606 40.533±1.100 49 40.847±0.896 40.267±1.728 40.113±0.058 56 39.687±0.677 38.793±1553 36.373±0.452

  S 45.213±4.700 45.213±4.700 45.213±4.700 7 42.407±0.253 42.247±0.214 41.747±0.651

  14 43.033±1.031 41.467±1.342 41.573±1.172 21 42.927±0.338 41.387±0.284 39.853±1.990 28 41.420±1.561 41.160±0.901 38.687±1.370 35 42.313±0.391 41.113±0.767 38.620±0.352 42 40.100±0.419 39.127±1.219 38.653±1.357 49 38.620±0.946 38.800±0.236 34.420±0.952 56 38.553±2.164 38.553±1.274 31.993±1.398

  M.R 43.413±4.700 43.413±4.700 43.413±4.700 7 43.193±0.959 41.887±1.138 42.007±0.031

  Brand Days Starch Content (%)

  25

  o

  45

  C

  o

  35

  C

  o

  C M 43.413±4.700 43.413±4.700 43.413±4.700 7 41.360±1.230 42.940±1.163 41.180±1.097 SK 48.487±1.959 48.487±1.959 48.487±1.959 7 44.427±0.099 41.773±0.673 41.740±0.622

  14 41.460±0.457 41.453±1.018 40.820±1.004 21 41.153±1.489 41.173±0.466 38.173±2.246 28 41.433±0.806 40.747±1.252 38.493±1.428 35 41.180±1.097 40.900±1.590 38.653±1.357 42 41.573±1.034 40.613±0.410 38.560±1.286 49 41.920±0.383 40.753±1.410 38.113±0.163 56 39.140±0.625 40.272±0.456 35.393±0.839

  SK.R 48.487±1.959 48.487±1.959 48.487±1.959 7 47.180±0.178 43.100±0.280 41.593±1.191

  14 43.307±1.218 41.653±0.522 41.427±1.221 21 42.947±0.386 41.407±0.998 41.433±0.806 28 42.667±1.232 41.320±1.108 41.433±0.806 35 42.253±0.058 41.100±0.802 41.220±1.030 42 42.180±0.364 38.213±1.184 37.973±0.531 49 41.400±1.542 36.967±0..378 32.527±2.708 56 38.113±1.281 35.767±0.324 32.080±1.263

7.3.8. Color Changes

  Color Measurement Brand Days

  o o o

  25 C

  35 C

  45 C L A B L a b L a b

  96.580±0.101 -1.410±0.089 11.687±0.029 96.580±0.101 -1.410±0.089 11.687±0.029 96.580±0.101 -1.410±0.089 11.687±0.029 7 96.553±0.195 -1.027±0.067 11.843±0.055 96.740±0.121 -1.220±0.106 12.420±0.139 96.560±0.400 -1.177±0.050 12.867±0.179 14 96.410±0.020 -0.860±0.017 11.500±0.017 96.740±0.123 -1.510±0.069 12.747±0.159 95.543±0.757 -1.350±0.062 12.880±0.185 21 95.717±0.310 -1.337±0.118 12.120±0.190 96.337±0.091 -1.497±0.040 12.777±0.015 96.033±0.430 -1.437±0.038 13.200±0.435 28 96.057±0.143 -1.593±0.081 12.683±0.099 96.310±0.125 -1.760±0.053 13.657±0.093 97.697±0.284 -1.740±0.090 13.437±0.829

  M 35 94.670±2.777 -1.320±0.087 12.070±0.238 95.330±0.095 -1.223±0.021 13.560±0.310 94.433±0.206 -1.313±0.136 12.303±0.333 42 94.067±0.331 -1.360±0.070 11.673±0.311 95.057±0.688 -1.593±0.081 13.683±0.099 95.370±0.852 -1.760±0.010 14.173±0.234 49 95.057±0.688 -1.593±0.081 13.683±0.099 94.420±0.364 -1.523±0.100 13.197±0.161 93.800±0.471 -1.273±0.100 12.623±0.508 56 93.980±0.260 -1.663±0.012 12.490±0.297 93.540±0.618 -1.350±0.010 12.043±0.121 93.773±0.459 -1.080±0.010 12.967±1.261

  96.580±0.101 -1.410±0.089 11.687±0.029 96.580±0.101 -1.410±0.089 11.687±0.029 96.580±0.101 -1.410±0.089 11.687±0.029 7 96.963±0.021 -1.357±0.038 11.343±0.133 95.720±0.106 -1.090±0.026 11.510±0.609 96.143±0.272 -1.360±0.355 12.860±1.000 14 96.133±0.025 -1.417±0.038 12.237±0.081 96.657±0.410 -1.360±0.355 12.860±1.000 95.187±1.005 -0.973±0.015 12.320±0.403 21 95.433±0.206 -1.417±0.038 12.237±0.015 95.843±0.064 -1.350±0.010 12.880±1.034 95.423±0.349 -1.280±0.164 13.077±0.107

  M.R 28 95.680±0.330 -1.760±0.010 12.657±0.006 95.867±0.221 -1.593±0.081 13.683±0.099 95.557±0.179 -1.593±0.081 13.683±0.099 35 95.527±1.204 -1.437±0.038 13.427±0.839 94.407±0.261 -1.377±0.012 12.383±0.107 95.767±0.541 -1.620±0.010 13.903±0.049 42 94.527±0.419 -1.437±0.038 13.427±0.081 93.920±0.156 -1.313±0.136 12.303±0.333 94.417±0.230 -1.257±0.058 13.683±0.225 49 93.783±0.495 -1.183±0.075 11.857±0.105 93.743±2.369 -1.307±0.134 12.357±0.713 93.557±0.621 -1.410±0.148 12.673±0.468 56 93.583±0.399 -1.183±0.040 14.640±0.471 94.763±0.186 -1.893±0.111 14.267±0.165 94.493±0.310 -1.893±0.111 14.267±0.165

  S 94.083±0.031 -1.727±0.015 17.503±0.015 94.083±0.031 -1.727±0.015 17.503±0.015 94.083±0.031 -1.727±0.015 17.503±0.015 7 93.727±0.699 -1.807±0.055 17.430±0.448 94.850±0.735 -1.640±0.052 17.040±0.295 92.937±1.095 -1.750±0.046 17.553±0.385

  14 94.437±0.101 -1.613±0.023 17.290±0.333 94.583±0.399 -1.560±0.046 16.763±0.240 95.543±0.757 -1.350±0.062 12.880±0.185 21 93.353±1.160 -1.687±0.045 17.470±0.506 94.937±0.495 -1.750±0.046 16.960±0.105 94.877±0.170 -1.830±0.020 16.047±3.160 28 94.753±0.275 -1.623±0.035 16.593±0.108 95.237±0.206 -1.673±0.040 16.783±0.117 92.257±0.266 -1.690±0.080 16.650±0.180 35 95.530±0.123 -1.537±0.029 16.397±0.160 96.137±1.537 -1.840±0.036 17.030±0.270 93.000±0.270 -1.397±0.047 15.463±0.167 42 95.400±0.452 -1.237±0.049 15.233±0.268 91.937±0.661 -1.243±0.035 15.667±0.189 96.907±0.640 -1.690±0.053 18.360±0.354 49 94.293±0.282 -1.640.0182 14.540±5.499 95.070±0.605 -0.913±0.046 14.667±0.230 90.410±3.939 -1.740±0.217 16.637±0.871 56 91.017±0.221 -1.153±0.040 14.640±0.471 89.830±0.789 -2.113±0.029 15.910±0.328 88.823±0.352 -1.530±0.100 17.267±0.501

  S.R 94.083±0.031 -1.727±0.015 17.503±0.015 94.083±0.031 -1.727±0.015 17.503±0.015 94.083±0.031 -1.727±0.015 17.503±0.015 7 93.763±0.031 -1.923±0.015 17.733±0.187 93.117±0.192 -1.620±0.070 17.593±0.183 95.403±0.196 -1.840±0.066 17.763±0.199

  14 93.877±1.539 -1.677±0.025 17.053±0.144 94.837±0.416 -1.577±0.080 16.850±0.276 95.187±1.005 -0.973±0.015 12.320±0.403 21 94.650±0.630 -1.633±0.085 16.950±0.537 94.753±0.275 -1.623±0.035 16.593±0.108 92.597±0.380 -1.590±0.044 16.553±0.307 28 95.340±0.157 -1.613±0.100 16.470±0.374 92.560±0.527 -1.510±0.069 16.927±0.667 92.370±0.236 -1.417±0.197 16.370±0.650 35 95.033±0.229 -1.213±0.101 15.157±0.382 92.113±0.630 -1.433±0.038 15.830±0.288 95.247±0.811 -1.197±0.021 15.053±0.330 42 95.097±0.825 -1.107±0.025 14.787±0.095 95.110±0.259 -1.010±0.026 14.743±0.055 95.267±0.280 -1.620±0.010 13.903±0.049 49 91.073±0.501 -1.547±0.015 15.100±0.261 90.030±0.585 -2.083±0.047 16.223±0.200 96.163±0.404 -1.357±0.038 12.343±0.403 56 96.133±0.395 -1.417±0.038 1.237±0.081 88.143±0.787 -1.503±0.015 18.040±0.193 96.410±0.373 -1.030±0.072 11.843±0.055

  SK 96.773±0.031 -0.887±0.015 8.953±0.015 96.773±0.031 -0.887±0.015 8.953±0.015 96.773±0.031 -0.887±0.015 8.953±0.015 7 96.997±0.021 -1.147±0.078 9.350±0.191 96.857±0.150 -1.050±0.036 9.550±0.265 97.013±0.387 -0.953±0.046 9.737±0.190

  14 96.257±0.042 -0.840±0.017 8.523±0.162 97.013±0.387 -0.953±0.046 9.737±0.190 97.818±0.468 -0.837±0.035 9.107±0.145 21 97.083±0.503 -0.820±0.040 9.860±0.035 97.083±0.503 -0.820±0.040 9.860±0.035 97.927±0.235 -0.933±0.064 8.977±0.211 28 97.920±0.445 -1.003±0.025 9.420±0.233 97.817±1.185 -0.787±0.081 9.777s0.432 96.063±0.450 -0.913±0.046 10.093±0.220 35 97.993±0.678 -1.047±0.162 9.390±0.452 98.377±0.446 -0.857±0.087 9.190±0.147 98.820±0.252 -0.870±0.026 9.453±0.157 42 98.173±0.451 -0.810±0.010 9.923±0.257 98.450±0.160 -0.933±0.012 9.440±0.144 98.973±0.216 -1.147±0.038 9.627±0.263 49 98.067±0.156 -0.750±0.050 10.073±0.237 99.517±0.323 -1.077±0.047 9.103±0.311 93.313±0.206 -1.310±0.036 8.367±0.038 56 94.250±0.478 -0.857±0.021 8.997±0.182 100.530±0.428 -0.883±0.023 8.893±0.090 92.173±0.248 -0.817±0.055 9.450±0.299 SK.R 96.773±0.031 -0.887±0.015 8.953±0.015 96.773±0.031 -0.887±0.015 8.953±0.015 96.773±0.031 -0.887±0.015 8.953±0.015 7 96.007±0.042 -0.977±0.015 8.560±0.026 97.350±0.160 -0.953±0.090 9.667±0.311 97.350±0.166 -0.953±0.090 9.667±0.311

  14 97.537±0.126 -1.237±0.148 9.213±0.315 96.383±0.205 -1.067±0.055 9.803±0.242 95.887±0.197 -0.787±0.015 8.443±0.200 21 96.647±0.800 -0.930±0.052 9.980±0.212 98.010±0.121 -1.060±0.026 9.517±0.104 98.117±0.384 -1.150±0.036 9.473±0.287 28 97.220±2.699 -1.107±0.059 10.093±0.623 98.353±0.100 -0.680±0.010 8.720±0.087 98.403±0.547 -0.997±0.025 9.413±0.112 35 95.057±0.688 -0.990±0.259 8.637±0.604 98.417±0.267 -1.003±0.067 9.600±0.035 98.570±0.361 -1.110±0.044 9.530±0.157 42 98.283±0.210 -0.883±0.031 10.013±0.216 98.533±0.833 -1.223±0.021 9.727±0.110 98.900±0.266 -0.947±0.040 9.340±0.114 49 98.407±0.261 -1.000±0.030 10.163±0.060 99.070±0.605 -1.127±0.040 9.407±0.012 94.033±0.376 -1.460±0.052 8.343±0.133 56 94.433±0.206 -0.930±0.017 8.703±0.155 93.433±0.206 -0.797±0.012 8.440±0.144 92.123±0.196 -0.837±0.064 9.820±0.147

7.4. SNI of Seasoned Flour

  SNI 01-4476-1998 Syarat mutu meliputi; keadaan (bau dan rasa khas); tidak ada benda asing atau serangga; kadar air maksimal = 12%; serat kasar maksimal = 1,5%; derajat asam maksimal = 4,0 ml NaOH 1N/100g; bahan tambahan makanan (bahan pengawet, pewarna tambahan); cemaran logam, arsen, dan mikroba.

  Accessed from BSN website on August 2015: