KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU DAN GANGGUAN KESEHATAN PADA PEKERJA DI SENTRA INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA MEBEL KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU DAN GANGGUAN KESEHATAN PADA PEKERJA DI SENTRA INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA MEBEL KECAMATAN NGEMPLAK KABUPATEN BOYOLALI TAHUN 2016.
KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU DAN GANGGUAN KESEHATAN PADA
PEKERJA DI SENTRA INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA MEBEL
KECAMATAN NGEMPLAK KABUPATEN BOYOLALI
Skripsi ini Disusun Guna Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat
Untuk Memperoleh Ijazah S1 Kesehatan Masyarakat
Disusun Oleh:
Budi Prasetyo
J410120043
Pembimbing: Kusuma Estu Werdani, SKM., M.Kes
PROGRAM STUDI KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT
FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2016
KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU DAN GANGGUAN KESEHATAN PADA
PEKERJA DI SENTRA INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA MEBEL
KECAMATAN NGEMPLAK KABUPATEN BOYOLALI
Skripsi ini Disusun Guna Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat
Untuk Memperoleh Ijazah S1 Kesehatan Masyarakat
Disusun Oleh:
Budi Prasetyo
J410120043
Pembimbing: Kusuma Estu Werdani, SKM., M.Kes
PROGRAM STUDI KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT
FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2016
ii
Budi Prasetyo. J 410 120 043
The characteristics of individuals and health problems in workers in sentra household
industry furniture district Ngemplak district Boyolali
ABSTRACT
Study on the characteristics of the individual and the health problems experienced by workers
of furniture is very important it is necessary for this can be used to find out the potential that
is owned by the workers and conducting prevention efforts against some health disorders.
This study aims to describe the characteristics of individuals and health disorders in workers
at the Centre of the furniture industry in Ngemplak Boyolali Regency. The kind of research
done is a type of quantitative descriptive research with cross sectional approach involving 63
workers and set with exhaustive sampling techniques. The results of the study found on the
individual katagori characteristik of the age of the most at age 36-45 (38,1%), mostly malesex (100%), married status (82.5%), the number of children < 2 (57,1%), earning < UMR
(23.8%), do not have health coverage (63,5%), work hours > 8 hours (15.9%), the most
education and high school (39.7%), don’t wear APD (7.9%). The use of APD according to the
type established workers who was wearing a mask (9.5%), does not wear a glass eye (79,4%),
did not wear gloves (84,1%), and not wearing long sleeves (88,9%). Based on the health
problems it brings workers who experience respiratory disorders (39.7%) the most widely
experienced complaints such as coughs and throat phlegm so registration (22.2%), skin
disorders (34.9%) of which the majority are having complaints of itching (28.6%), and eye
disorders experienced (47,6%) the most many experienced a complaint like the itcting and the
pain if exposed to the wind (20.6%). It can be concluded that there is some workers have
pontential to have health coverage because the based financial. In addition, workers have to
raise awareness to use goggles and gloves.
Key Words : Individual Characteristics, and health disorders.
BIODATA
Nama
: Budi Prasetyo
Tempat/Tanggal Lahir
: Boyolali, 22 Mei 1994
Jenis Kelamin
: Laki-Laki
Agama
: Islam
Alamat
: Kp.Bulak JL. Setia Budi II RT 1/3 Karang Asih
Kecematan Cikarang Utara Kabupaten Bekasi
Riwayat Pendidikan
: 1. Lulus TK Atsuraya tahun 1999
2. Lulus SDN 02 Karang Bahagia 2006
3. Lulus SMPN 05 Cikarang Utara 2009
4. Lulus SMAN 02 Cikarang Utara 2012
5. Menempuh pendidikan di Program Studi
Kesehatan Masyarakat Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan
Universitas Muhammadiyah Tahun 2012
vi
KATA PENGANTAR
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Alhamdulillah, segala puji bagi Allah SWT, Rabb semesta alam, pencipta langit,
bumi, dan segala isinya. Hanya dengan petunjuk dan karunia Allah, skripsi yang
berjudul “Karakteristik Individu dan Gangguan Kesehatan Pada Pekerja Di
Sentra Industri Rumah Tangga Mebel Kecamatan Ngemplak Kabupaten
Boyolali”ini dapat diselesaikan.
Proposal ini disusun sebagai salah satu persyaratan dalam menempuh mata kuliah
proposal di Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Dalam menyusun proposal ini, banyak
pihak yang membantu peneliti mulai dari awal hingga selesainya penelitian ini.
Oleh karena itu, tidak lupa peneliti mengucapkan terimakasih kepada:
1. Prof. Drs. Bambang Setiaji selaku Rektor Universitas Muhammadiyah
Surakarta
2. Dr. Suwaji, SKM, M.Kes. Selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
3. Dwi Astuti, SKM, M.Kes. Sebagai Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat
Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
4. Kusuma Estu Wardani, SKM, M.Kes. Selaku Pembimbing atas segala
perhatian, bimbingan, dan saran yang diberikan selama penyusunan
proposal skripsi ini
vii
5. Bapak/ibu dosen Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat yang telah
memberikan ilmu kepada penulis selama ini
6. Kedua orang tua tercinta dan tersayang Bpk Triyono dan Ibu Suratmi yang
selalu memberikan doa, materi, waktu, spiritual, dan kasih sayang serta
dukungan moril, juga adik-adiku Hikmal Dika Yoga Prasetyo dan Noval
Riva Prasetyo yang selalu menjadi Penyemangat
7. Pemberi semangat, masukan, dan motivasi secara langsung dan doa
Nurbaeti, Arif Wildan,Mahesa Pratama, Lian Candra, Roni Anggriawan,
Destiyanto, Isna Faizah, Bertalita Septiani, Herman, Yusuf Hansani, Rizky
Okta Syahputra, Aldi Swandana Ivo, Jaya Anugrah, Solanda, Ayu Selviana
serta semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam menyelesaikan Proposal
skripsi ini yang bisa disebutkan penulis satu persatu
Harapan penulis, semoga proposal ini memberikan manfaat kepada
penulis sendiri khususnya dan kepada pembaca pada umumnya.
Wasalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, 2 November 2016
(Budi Prasetyo)
viii
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN SAMPUL ................................................................................................ i
ABSTRAK
ABSTRACT
HALAMAN SAMPUL ................................................................................................ ii
PERNYATAAN PERSETUJAN ................................................................................. iii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ...................................................................................... iv
PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN ...................................................................................... v
BIODATA .................................................................................................................... vi
KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................. vii
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................ viii
DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................................ xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................................ xiii
DAFTAR SINGKAT ................................................................................................... xiv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A.
B.
C.
D.
Latar Belakang ..............................................................................................
Rumusan Masalah .........................................................................................
Tujuan Penelitian ..........................................................................................
Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................................
1
6
6
7
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
A. Industri Mebel ...............................................................................................
B. Debu ..............................................................................................................
1. Pengertian Debu......................................................................................
2. Karakteristik Debu ..................................................................................
C. Paparan Debu ................................................................................................
1. Pengertian Paparan Debu ........................................................................
2. Risiko Kesehatan dari Paparan Debu .....................................................
3. Pengendalian Paparan Debu ...................................................................
D. Karakteristik Individu ...................................................................................
1. Umur .......................................................................................................
2. Pendididkan ............................................................................................
viii
8
9
9
10
11
11
12
14
14
14
15
3. Jam Kerja ................................................................................................
4. Pemakaian Alat Pelindung Diri ..............................................................
5. Jenis Kelamin..........................................................................................
6. Status Pernikahan....................................................................................
7. Penghasilan .............................................................................................
8. Jumlah Anak ...........................................................................................
9. Jaminan Kesehatan .................................................................................
E. Gangguan Kesehatan ....................................................................................
1. Pengertian Gangguan Kesehatan ............................................................
2. Macam-macam Gangguan Kesehatan Akibat Paparan Debu Kayu .......
3. Upaya Pencegahan Gangguan Kesehatan ...............................................
F. Kerangka Teori .............................................................................................
16
16
18
18
18
19
19
20
20
20
24
27
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN
A. Jenis dan Rancangan Penelitian ....................................................................
1. Jenis Penelitian .......................................................................................
B. Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian.......................................................................
C. Populasi dan Sampel .....................................................................................
1. Populasi ..................................................................................................
2. Sampel ....................................................................................................
D. Variabel Penelitian dan Definisi Operasional Variabel ................................
1. Karakteristik Individu .............................................................................
2. Gangguan Kesehatan ..............................................................................
E. Pengumpulan Data ........................................................................................
1. Jenis Data ................................................................................................
2. Sumber Data ...........................................................................................
3. Cara Pengumpulan Data .........................................................................
F. Langkah-langkah Penelitian .........................................................................
1. Instrumen Penelitian ...............................................................................
2. Jalannya Penelitian .................................................................................
G. Analisis Data .................................................................................................
1. Pengolahan Data .....................................................................................
2. Analisa Data............................................................................................
28
28
28
28
28
29
29
29
34
36
36
36
36
37
37
37
38
38
39
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN
A. Gambaran Umum.......................................................................................... 40
B. Karakteristik Responden ............................................................................... 41
C. Gangguan Kesehatan Pekerja Industri Mebel............................................... 44
BAB V PEMBAHASAN
A. Karakteristik Individu Pada Pekerja Di Sentra Industri Mebel
Kecamatan Ngempak ................................................................................... 47
B. Gangguan Kesehatan Pada Pekerja Di Senta Industri Mebel Kecamatan
Ngemplak .................................................................................................... 52
1. Gangguan Pernapasan.............................................................................. 52
ix
2. Gangguan Kulit ....................................................................................... 54
3. Gangguan Mata ....................................................................................... 56
BAB VI SIMPULAN DAN SARAN
A. Simpulan ...................................................................................................... 59
B. Saran ............................................................................................................ 61
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN
x
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Halaman
Distribusi frekuensi karakteristik individu .........................................
Distribusi frekuensi pemakaian jenis APD ........................................
Distribusi frekuensi gangguan kesehatan ...........................................
Distribusi frekuensi deskripsi gangguan pernapasan .........................
Distribusi frekuensi deskripsi gangguan kulit ....................................
Distribusi frekuensi deskripsi gangguan mata ...................................
xi
42
43
44
45
45
46
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar
Halaman
1. Kerangka Teori.................................................................................. 27
xii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran
1. Pernyataan ketersediaan menjadi responden
2. Petunjuk pengisian lembar kerja dan identitas responden
3. Lembar kerja gangguan kesehatan
4. Dokumentasi penelitian
5. Lembar SPSS
6. Lembar tabulasi silang
7. Surat penelitian
8. Surat telah melakukan penelitian
xiii
DAFTAR SINGKATAN
APD
: Alat Pelindung Diri
BKKBN
: Badan Koordinasi Keluarga Berencana Nasional
KB
: Keluarga Berencana
KTP
: Kartu Tanda Penduduk
NAB
: Nilai Ambang Batas
PAK
: Penyakit Akibat Kerja
SD
: Sekolah Dasar
SMA
: Sekolah Menengah Atas
SMP
: Sekolah Menengah Pertama
TBC
: Tuberkulosis
UMK
: Upah Minimum Kabupaten
xiv
PEKERJA DI SENTRA INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA MEBEL
KECAMATAN NGEMPLAK KABUPATEN BOYOLALI
Skripsi ini Disusun Guna Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat
Untuk Memperoleh Ijazah S1 Kesehatan Masyarakat
Disusun Oleh:
Budi Prasetyo
J410120043
Pembimbing: Kusuma Estu Werdani, SKM., M.Kes
PROGRAM STUDI KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT
FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2016
KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU DAN GANGGUAN KESEHATAN PADA
PEKERJA DI SENTRA INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA MEBEL
KECAMATAN NGEMPLAK KABUPATEN BOYOLALI
Skripsi ini Disusun Guna Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat
Untuk Memperoleh Ijazah S1 Kesehatan Masyarakat
Disusun Oleh:
Budi Prasetyo
J410120043
Pembimbing: Kusuma Estu Werdani, SKM., M.Kes
PROGRAM STUDI KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT
FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2016
ii
Budi Prasetyo. J 410 120 043
The characteristics of individuals and health problems in workers in sentra household
industry furniture district Ngemplak district Boyolali
ABSTRACT
Study on the characteristics of the individual and the health problems experienced by workers
of furniture is very important it is necessary for this can be used to find out the potential that
is owned by the workers and conducting prevention efforts against some health disorders.
This study aims to describe the characteristics of individuals and health disorders in workers
at the Centre of the furniture industry in Ngemplak Boyolali Regency. The kind of research
done is a type of quantitative descriptive research with cross sectional approach involving 63
workers and set with exhaustive sampling techniques. The results of the study found on the
individual katagori characteristik of the age of the most at age 36-45 (38,1%), mostly malesex (100%), married status (82.5%), the number of children < 2 (57,1%), earning < UMR
(23.8%), do not have health coverage (63,5%), work hours > 8 hours (15.9%), the most
education and high school (39.7%), don’t wear APD (7.9%). The use of APD according to the
type established workers who was wearing a mask (9.5%), does not wear a glass eye (79,4%),
did not wear gloves (84,1%), and not wearing long sleeves (88,9%). Based on the health
problems it brings workers who experience respiratory disorders (39.7%) the most widely
experienced complaints such as coughs and throat phlegm so registration (22.2%), skin
disorders (34.9%) of which the majority are having complaints of itching (28.6%), and eye
disorders experienced (47,6%) the most many experienced a complaint like the itcting and the
pain if exposed to the wind (20.6%). It can be concluded that there is some workers have
pontential to have health coverage because the based financial. In addition, workers have to
raise awareness to use goggles and gloves.
Key Words : Individual Characteristics, and health disorders.
BIODATA
Nama
: Budi Prasetyo
Tempat/Tanggal Lahir
: Boyolali, 22 Mei 1994
Jenis Kelamin
: Laki-Laki
Agama
: Islam
Alamat
: Kp.Bulak JL. Setia Budi II RT 1/3 Karang Asih
Kecematan Cikarang Utara Kabupaten Bekasi
Riwayat Pendidikan
: 1. Lulus TK Atsuraya tahun 1999
2. Lulus SDN 02 Karang Bahagia 2006
3. Lulus SMPN 05 Cikarang Utara 2009
4. Lulus SMAN 02 Cikarang Utara 2012
5. Menempuh pendidikan di Program Studi
Kesehatan Masyarakat Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan
Universitas Muhammadiyah Tahun 2012
vi
KATA PENGANTAR
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Alhamdulillah, segala puji bagi Allah SWT, Rabb semesta alam, pencipta langit,
bumi, dan segala isinya. Hanya dengan petunjuk dan karunia Allah, skripsi yang
berjudul “Karakteristik Individu dan Gangguan Kesehatan Pada Pekerja Di
Sentra Industri Rumah Tangga Mebel Kecamatan Ngemplak Kabupaten
Boyolali”ini dapat diselesaikan.
Proposal ini disusun sebagai salah satu persyaratan dalam menempuh mata kuliah
proposal di Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Dalam menyusun proposal ini, banyak
pihak yang membantu peneliti mulai dari awal hingga selesainya penelitian ini.
Oleh karena itu, tidak lupa peneliti mengucapkan terimakasih kepada:
1. Prof. Drs. Bambang Setiaji selaku Rektor Universitas Muhammadiyah
Surakarta
2. Dr. Suwaji, SKM, M.Kes. Selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
3. Dwi Astuti, SKM, M.Kes. Sebagai Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat
Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
4. Kusuma Estu Wardani, SKM, M.Kes. Selaku Pembimbing atas segala
perhatian, bimbingan, dan saran yang diberikan selama penyusunan
proposal skripsi ini
vii
5. Bapak/ibu dosen Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat yang telah
memberikan ilmu kepada penulis selama ini
6. Kedua orang tua tercinta dan tersayang Bpk Triyono dan Ibu Suratmi yang
selalu memberikan doa, materi, waktu, spiritual, dan kasih sayang serta
dukungan moril, juga adik-adiku Hikmal Dika Yoga Prasetyo dan Noval
Riva Prasetyo yang selalu menjadi Penyemangat
7. Pemberi semangat, masukan, dan motivasi secara langsung dan doa
Nurbaeti, Arif Wildan,Mahesa Pratama, Lian Candra, Roni Anggriawan,
Destiyanto, Isna Faizah, Bertalita Septiani, Herman, Yusuf Hansani, Rizky
Okta Syahputra, Aldi Swandana Ivo, Jaya Anugrah, Solanda, Ayu Selviana
serta semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam menyelesaikan Proposal
skripsi ini yang bisa disebutkan penulis satu persatu
Harapan penulis, semoga proposal ini memberikan manfaat kepada
penulis sendiri khususnya dan kepada pembaca pada umumnya.
Wasalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, 2 November 2016
(Budi Prasetyo)
viii
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN SAMPUL ................................................................................................ i
ABSTRAK
ABSTRACT
HALAMAN SAMPUL ................................................................................................ ii
PERNYATAAN PERSETUJAN ................................................................................. iii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ...................................................................................... iv
PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN ...................................................................................... v
BIODATA .................................................................................................................... vi
KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................. vii
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................ viii
DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................................ xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................................ xiii
DAFTAR SINGKAT ................................................................................................... xiv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A.
B.
C.
D.
Latar Belakang ..............................................................................................
Rumusan Masalah .........................................................................................
Tujuan Penelitian ..........................................................................................
Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................................
1
6
6
7
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
A. Industri Mebel ...............................................................................................
B. Debu ..............................................................................................................
1. Pengertian Debu......................................................................................
2. Karakteristik Debu ..................................................................................
C. Paparan Debu ................................................................................................
1. Pengertian Paparan Debu ........................................................................
2. Risiko Kesehatan dari Paparan Debu .....................................................
3. Pengendalian Paparan Debu ...................................................................
D. Karakteristik Individu ...................................................................................
1. Umur .......................................................................................................
2. Pendididkan ............................................................................................
viii
8
9
9
10
11
11
12
14
14
14
15
3. Jam Kerja ................................................................................................
4. Pemakaian Alat Pelindung Diri ..............................................................
5. Jenis Kelamin..........................................................................................
6. Status Pernikahan....................................................................................
7. Penghasilan .............................................................................................
8. Jumlah Anak ...........................................................................................
9. Jaminan Kesehatan .................................................................................
E. Gangguan Kesehatan ....................................................................................
1. Pengertian Gangguan Kesehatan ............................................................
2. Macam-macam Gangguan Kesehatan Akibat Paparan Debu Kayu .......
3. Upaya Pencegahan Gangguan Kesehatan ...............................................
F. Kerangka Teori .............................................................................................
16
16
18
18
18
19
19
20
20
20
24
27
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN
A. Jenis dan Rancangan Penelitian ....................................................................
1. Jenis Penelitian .......................................................................................
B. Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian.......................................................................
C. Populasi dan Sampel .....................................................................................
1. Populasi ..................................................................................................
2. Sampel ....................................................................................................
D. Variabel Penelitian dan Definisi Operasional Variabel ................................
1. Karakteristik Individu .............................................................................
2. Gangguan Kesehatan ..............................................................................
E. Pengumpulan Data ........................................................................................
1. Jenis Data ................................................................................................
2. Sumber Data ...........................................................................................
3. Cara Pengumpulan Data .........................................................................
F. Langkah-langkah Penelitian .........................................................................
1. Instrumen Penelitian ...............................................................................
2. Jalannya Penelitian .................................................................................
G. Analisis Data .................................................................................................
1. Pengolahan Data .....................................................................................
2. Analisa Data............................................................................................
28
28
28
28
28
29
29
29
34
36
36
36
36
37
37
37
38
38
39
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN
A. Gambaran Umum.......................................................................................... 40
B. Karakteristik Responden ............................................................................... 41
C. Gangguan Kesehatan Pekerja Industri Mebel............................................... 44
BAB V PEMBAHASAN
A. Karakteristik Individu Pada Pekerja Di Sentra Industri Mebel
Kecamatan Ngempak ................................................................................... 47
B. Gangguan Kesehatan Pada Pekerja Di Senta Industri Mebel Kecamatan
Ngemplak .................................................................................................... 52
1. Gangguan Pernapasan.............................................................................. 52
ix
2. Gangguan Kulit ....................................................................................... 54
3. Gangguan Mata ....................................................................................... 56
BAB VI SIMPULAN DAN SARAN
A. Simpulan ...................................................................................................... 59
B. Saran ............................................................................................................ 61
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN
x
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Halaman
Distribusi frekuensi karakteristik individu .........................................
Distribusi frekuensi pemakaian jenis APD ........................................
Distribusi frekuensi gangguan kesehatan ...........................................
Distribusi frekuensi deskripsi gangguan pernapasan .........................
Distribusi frekuensi deskripsi gangguan kulit ....................................
Distribusi frekuensi deskripsi gangguan mata ...................................
xi
42
43
44
45
45
46
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar
Halaman
1. Kerangka Teori.................................................................................. 27
xii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran
1. Pernyataan ketersediaan menjadi responden
2. Petunjuk pengisian lembar kerja dan identitas responden
3. Lembar kerja gangguan kesehatan
4. Dokumentasi penelitian
5. Lembar SPSS
6. Lembar tabulasi silang
7. Surat penelitian
8. Surat telah melakukan penelitian
xiii
DAFTAR SINGKATAN
APD
: Alat Pelindung Diri
BKKBN
: Badan Koordinasi Keluarga Berencana Nasional
KB
: Keluarga Berencana
KTP
: Kartu Tanda Penduduk
NAB
: Nilai Ambang Batas
PAK
: Penyakit Akibat Kerja
SD
: Sekolah Dasar
SMA
: Sekolah Menengah Atas
SMP
: Sekolah Menengah Pertama
TBC
: Tuberkulosis
UMK
: Upah Minimum Kabupaten
xiv