Kelompok Kompetensi D (Profesional: Short Functional Text 2)
TEXTS
DIKLAT GURU PEMBELAJAR BAHASA
INGGRIS SMA/SMK MODA TATAP MUKA Kelompok Kompetensi D (Profesional: Short Functional Text 2)
Disiapkan oleh: Tim Pengembang Disampaikan oleh:
TEXTS TEXTS
TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN SKENARIO PEMBELAJARAN MATERI PEMBELAJARAN PEMANTAPAN
TEXTS TEXTS Identify general description of short functional written text , letter. Identify specific implied and stated information in short functional written text, letter. TUJUAN PEMBELAJAR AN Identify communicative purpose of short functional written text , letter. Decide an appropriate kind of text (letter) for specific case.
TEXTS TEXTS LETTERS (8JP) SKENARIO PEMBELAJAR AN DESCRIPTIVE TEXT 1 (10JP)
TEXTS TEXTS
MATERI Descr iptive Text
TEXTS TEXTS
TEXTS TEXTS
LETTERS
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Material: Short Functional Text Letters
TEXTS TEXTS
Letter
What do you have in mind when you read or hear this word? LETTERS
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Definisi Menurut Marjo, (2000: 15) Surat adalah alat komunikasi
tertulis, atau sarana untuk menyampaikan pernyataan maupun informasi secara tertulis dari pihak satu
kepada pihak yang lain. Informasi tersebut bisa berupa
pemberitahuan, pernyataan, pertanyaan, permintaan, laporan, pemikiran, sanggahan dan lain sebaginya. LETTERS
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Definisi Sedangkan Suhanda menjelaskan surat adalah sehelai kertas atau lebih yang memuat suatu bahan
komunikasi yang disampaikan oleh seseorang kepada orang lain, baik atas nama pribadi maupun kedudukannya dalam organisasi atau kantor (Suhanda, 1978 : 1). LETTERS
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Definisi ”Surat merupakan komunikasi tertulis untuk menyampaikan informasi pernyataan, pesan kepada pihak lain yang mempunyai keperluan kegiatan dengan
(O. Setiawan Djuharie, Suharie, Teddy berbagai pihak tertentu”. Sutandi Komaruddin, Surat Menyurat Serbaguna, Djambatan, Bandung, 2001.) LETTERS
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Surat Alat Komunikasi
Kesimpulan LETTERS
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Social Functions of a letter: 1.
To make a connection among personals and institutions
2. To send a written message to someone or an
institution 3. As a legal written document LETTERS
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Kinds of Letter:
A. B ased on the Writer, letter is divided into: 1.
Personal letter : a letter that is written by an individual. It is personal and dedicated to someone or institution.
2. Formal letter : a letter that is written by an
institution. It is personal and dedicated to someone or an other institution.
Personal letter 2. Formal letter 3. Business letter 4. Social letter
LETTERS
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B. B ased on the Concern, l etter is divided into : 1.
Information letter b. Letter of Decree c. Letter of Duty d. Letter of Request e. Invitation Letter f. Application Letter g. Letter of Agreement h. Report i. Letter of Order
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C. Based on the content, letter is divided into: a.
LETTERS
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D. Based on the characteristics, letter is divided into:
1. Common letter 2.
Confidential letter (terbatas), 3. Private letter letter is divided into:
E. Based on the urgencies, 4.
Ordinary 5. Urgent
Letter according to Finoza…
F. Based on the form, letter is divided into
post card, telegram, telex or facsimile,
memo, note, receiptG. Based on the scope, letter is divided into intern and extern letter H. Based on the object, letter is divided
into common letter, circular letter, and
announcement
Here, we are going to discuss:
Personal Letter and Formal Letter.
LETTERS
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LETTERS
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Language Features:
The use of informal language to express your feelings, thoughts, and experience. LETTERS
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Language Features:
Punctuations : The dates are written in the order of day, month and year.
- Commas are used after the city’s name in front of the date.
- e.g. Jakarta, 11 November 2011 Makassar, 28 August 2011 We also use commas after greetings and farewells.
- e.g. Dear Sari, Always, Dear Dameria, Love, Yours sincerely, Best regards,
We use commas to separate the different parts of the
- address which are written in order.
e.g. Jalan RS. Fatmawati 3, Pondok Labu, Jakarta Selatan LETTERS
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Language Features:
Using various tenses depend on the context of letter present tense, past tense or present future tense LETTERS
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Parts of a Personal Letter Personal letter has 5 main parts.
1. HEADING: Includes the address and the date . In some cases, it is OK to just write the date.
2. SALUTATION (GREETING):
The greeting usually starts with 'Dear' and is followed by the person's name
- Always ends with a comma
- There are two types of greetings : a) Formal (ex: Dear) b) Informal (ex: Hi, Greetings, name, etc)
3. BODY:
After skipping a line, you begin the body of your letter which is the main text of your letter. Indent for each new paragraph.
Personal letter has 5 main parts.
4. CLOSING: The closing includes a short capitalized expression such as: Yours truly,
Sincerely, Friends Forever 'Sincerely' or 'Love' and is followed by a
comma. Skip a line after the body before writing your closing.5. SIGNATURE: You sign your name beginning directly below the closing.
Sometimes you may add a POSTSCRIPT at the end of your letter. You write P.S., add a note and then end it with your initials.
Parts of a Personal Letter
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LETTERS
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Parts of Personal Letter
1. HEADING 18720 Linnet Street
(address and Tarzana, CA 91356 September 8, 2007 date)
2. SALUTATION Dear Jasmina,
(Greeting: Hi, how are things going! I just got back from my vacation in Alaska. I had a really great time with my family. First, we flew on Delta Airlines
Dear….) from Los Angeles to Vancouver, Canada. It was so cool! My mom had to get all of us kids passports and stuff like four months in advance because Canada is a whole other country. We spent the night in Vancouver and went to the cruise ship the next day in time for lunch.
3. BODY Man, the cruise ship was humongous and spectacular. Once we got
(Main Content of onboard we went straight to our room. It was huge. My mom and dad had their bedroom with an enormous bed. Me and Rick shared a Letter) bedroom that had a bunk-bed, a dresser and a mirrored closet. Little André slept on the sofa-bed. The room had a huge porthole window and a ledge where you could sit and look out over the ocean. The bathroom had a shower and a toilet that made a sound like it could suck you down and spit you out into the sea.
4. CLOSING Well, I don’t want to tell you everything. I’ll save the rest for when we see each other face-to-face.
(Love, Your friend, Love, etc)
5. SIGNATURE Leana Young
(Signature, name) LETTERS
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Formal Letter (Surat Resmi)
Formal letter umumnya dikirim secara resmi, menggunakan bahasa formal, dan terikat oleh aturan- aturan dalam penulisan surat.
Surat resmi dapat dijumpai pada surat yang ditujukan ke kantor pemerintah, perusahaan-perusahaan dan sejenisnya.
Surat resmi juga dapat berbentuk surat undangan yang dikirim untuk acara-acara resmi, seperti undangan rapat, undangan seminar, simposium, dll. LETTERS
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Bagian-bagian dari surat resmi: 1.Tanggal ditulis di pojok kanan atas.
2. Nama dan alamat pengirim.
3. Nama dan alamat yang dituju.
4. Salutation atau sapaan.
5. Margin diawali dari sisi kiri.
6. Isi surat.
7. Frasa penutup, seperti Thank you, Awaiting your reply dll.
9. Dalam surat resmi, hanya menggunakan Yours Faithfully diikuti koma. Bagian- bagian surat resmi
HAL-HAL YANG PERHATIKAN DALAM PEMBUATAN SURAT Dalam membuat surat resmi, ada beberapa hal perlu diperhatikan, antara lain :
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f. I recently read/heard about . . . and would like to know . . .
e. I am contacting you for the following reason.
d. to enquire about ...
c. to request ...
b. to confirm ...
a. We are writing to inform you that ...
2. Starting
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1. Salutation (Greeting)
g. Gentlemen
f. Dear Sir or Madam
e. Dear Madam
d. Dear Sirs
c. Dear Sir
b. Dear Ms White
a. Dear Mr. Brown
g. Having seen your advertisement in ... , I would like to ...
h. I would be interested in (obtaining/ receiving) ... i. I received your address from ... and would like to ... j. I am writing to tell you about ..
4. Making a request
g. I am interested in (obtaining/ receiving...
f. It would be helpful if you could send us ...
e. In addition, I would like to receive ...
d. Could you possibly tell us/let us have...
c. Could you please send me . . .
b. I would be grateful if you could...
a. We would appreciate it if you would ...
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3. Referring to previous contact a. Thank you for your letter of March 15 ...
LETTERS
h. I enjoyed having lunch with you last week in Tokyo. i. I would just like to confirm the main points we discussed on Tuesday..
g. It was a pleasure meeting you in London last month.
f. Further to our meeting last week ...
e. With reference to our telephone conversation yesterday ...
d. Thank you for your letter regarding ...
c. In reply to your request ...
b. Thank you for contacting us.
h. I would appreciate your immediate attention to this matter. i. Please let me know what action
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3. Offering help a. We would be happy to ...
b. Would you like us to ...
c. We are quite willing to ...
d. Our company would be pleased to ...
4. Giving good news a. We are pleased to announce that ...
b. I am delighted to inform you that ...
c. You will be pleased to learn that ...
5. Giving bad news a. We regret to inform you that ...
b. I'm afraid it would not be possible to ...
c. Unfortunately we cannot/we are unable to ...
d. After careful consideration we have decided (not) to ...
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6. Complaining a. I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with ...
b. I am writing to complain about ...
c. Please note that the goods we ordered on (date) have not yet arrived.
d. We regret to inform you that our order n --- is now considerably overdue.
e. I would like to query the transport charges which seem unusually high.
7. Apologizing a. We are sorry for the delay in replying ...
b. I regret any inconvenience caused… c. I would like to apologize for (the delay/the inconvenience) ...
d. Once again, I apologize for any inconvenience.
8. Orders a. Thank you for your quotation of ...
b. We are pleased to place an order with your company for ...
c. We would like to cancel our order n°...
d. Please confirm receipt of our order.
e. I am pleased to acknowledge receipt of your order n°...
f. Your order will be processed as quickly as possible.
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h. We can guarantee delivery before ... i. Unfortunately these articles are no longer available/are out of stock.
9. Prices a. Please send us your price list.
b. You will find enclosed our most recent catalogue and price list.
c. Please note that our prices are subject to change without notice.
d. We have pleasure in enclosing a detailed quotation.
e. We can make you a firm offer of ...
f. Our terms of payment are as follows.
10. Referring to payment a. Our records show that we have not yet received payment of ...
b. According to our records ...
c. Please send payment as soon as possible.
d. You will receive a credit note for the sum of ...
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11. Enclosing documents a. I am enclosing ...
b. Please find enclosed ...
c. You will find enclosed ...
12. Closing remarks
a. If we can be of any further assistance, please let us know
b. If I can help in any way, please do not hesitate to contact me If you require more information ...
c. For further details ...
d. Thank you for taking this into consideration
e. Thank you for your help
f. We hope you are happy with this arrangement
g. We hope you can settle this matter to our satisfaction
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13. Referring to future business
a. We look forward to a successful working relationship in the future
b. We would be (very) pleased to do business with your company
c. I would be happy to have an opportunity to work with your firm
14. Referring to future contact
a. I look forward to seeing you next week
b. Looking forward to hearing from you
c. I wait to receiving your comments
d. I look forward to meeting you on the 15th
e. I would appreciate a reply at your earliest convenience f. An early reply would be appreciated.
15. Ending
a. Sincerely,
b. Yours sincerely, (for all customers/clients)
c. Sincerely yours,
d. Regards, (for those you already know and/or with whom you already have a working relationship.)
Contoh:
LETTERS
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LETTERS Room 354, Block 6 20 November 2015
BACK TO MATERI Mr William Chan E-mail: [email protected] Phone: 24862893 Mobile: 95427415 Model Village North Point Hong Kong Dear Mr Chan, Kwai Chung Kowloon Wong And Lim Consulting PO Box 58 Personnel Manager
My working experience at Lucky Star Garment Manufactory Limited improved my leadership skills, communication skills and ability to work in a team Polytechnic University on 20 November 2015.
I am writing to apply for the post of Management Trainee, which was advertised on the Student Affairs Office notice board of the Hong Kong
Currently I am studying a B.A. in Management at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, graduating in 2016. Subjects which I am studying that are environment. I have fluent spoken and written English. I also have fluent spoken and written Mandarin, and can therefore work in mainland China. completion.
leadership skills and my ability to lead and supervise subordinates effectively. I have also learned how to run a project from the planning stage to its
My final year project is entitled Knowledge Management Practices in HK. Carrying out this project has improved my communication skills, my Management.
relevant to the post of Management Trainee include Operations Management, Human Resources Management, Accounting, Marketing and Strategic I am available for interview at any time. I can be contacted most easily on the mobile phone number given above. I look forward to meeting you. high-quality service, and I can contribute to this with my leadership skills and my ability to work under pressure.
Working for Wong And Lim Consulting appeals to me because it has a good reputation and it provides excellent training. Your organization produces a improved my ability to lead and supervise subordinates effectively, ability to work under pressure and ability to work in a team environment.
During my studies I have held the post of Executive in the Management Society. While leading and organizing Management Society activities I have Encl: Resume Wong Wai Man Wilfred Yours sincerely, LETTERS
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Activity 1
Observe the following texts; find the similarities and differences LETTERS
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18720 Linnet Street Tarzana, CA 91356 September 8, 2015 Dear Jasmina,
Hi, how are things going! I just got back from my vacation in Alaska. I had a really great time with my family. First, we flew on Delta Airlines from Los Angeles to Vancouver, Canada. It was so cool! My mom had to get all of us kids passports and stuff like four months in advance because Canada is a whole other country. We spent the night in Vancouver and went to the cruise ship the next day in time for lunch. Man, the cruise ship was humongous and spectacular. Once we got onboard we went straight to our room. It was huge. My mom and dad had their bedroom with an enormous bed. Me and Rick shared a bedroom that had a bunk-bed, a dresser and a mirrored closet. Little André slept on the sofa-bed. The room had a huge porthole window and a ledge where you could sit and look out over the ocean. The bathroom had a shower and a toilet that made a sound like it could suck you down and spit you out into the sea. Well, I don’t want to tell you everything. I’ll save the rest for when we see each other face-to-face.
Your friend, LETTERS
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68 Pine Zaggat Lane Hampervile, NE 25385 January 5, 2015 Dear Joe,
I am sorry about forgetting our lunch date. It was completely
my fault; I was so busy at work that it must have slipped my mind. How about I treat you to lunch next Wednesday at the new Italian restaurant Julie's at 12.30PM? I have marked this date in my planner so I will not forget about it. I'd just like to apologize again for missing the lunch date.Yours Trully, DOEL LETTERS
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Bandung , May 25, 2014 To my best friend, Izza Mumtaz Hi Izza, how are you? I hope you are ok. We have never met for long time. Since I and my family decided to move to Bandung, I’ve never heard news about you ever. I hope you are always in the blessing of God there. At the end of this month, my family plan to return to Lampung to visit my grandma. I hope on that day I can join the group to visit the hometown of all stay in touch with your friends. Unluckily, I won’t join them because I’ll have a test at the same time. So. forgive for postpone to meet you, and I’ll reschedule another time.
Say hello and my apology for my other friends. Hopefully next time we can meet. Sincerely, Faiz Althaf LETTERS
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1. Why does Mr. Fais send a letter to Mumtaz ?
2. Why does Paul Smith send a letter ?
LETTERS
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ACTIVITY 3: (Group Discussion) Classify the following letters ! LETTERS
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35 Senggigi Raya Lombok 75009 Nusa Tenggara Timur 12 th January 2014 My dear Lovely Siti, Hello! How are you, sweetie? I know you are angry with me because I’m writing to you after a long time. I’m so sorry, please forgive me.
You know we’re in Lombok right now. It’s so beautiful. I’m writing to you from this really cute
little café on the Senggigi beach. As you know, mum loves shopping so she went and will be gone
for hours. I decided to write to you while I enjoy my cup of coffee. You know yesterday we went to
Gili Nanggu Island, It’s a beach on the southeast of Lombok. The place is awesome. It’s so beautiful.I couldn’t believe my eyes. There are beautiful coral reef everywhere. We went for snorkeling and
we saw most amazing fish ever. I wish you were here, it would have been much more fun.
Mum’s making sure we don’t miss any sight in the whole city, so we’ve practically been everywhere. I got to go, mum is here. I ‘ll see you soon Lots of love, Lana LETTERS
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October 10, 2014 To: John M. Green 1109 Tipple Road Philadelphia, PA 19121 Dear Son Re: Congratulations!
I am SO proud of you. Finally, this day has come and I cannot stop the tears flowing from my eyes. I am very happy to be able to share this day with you as you are ready to step into the workforce upon your graduation. Congratulations on your great performance in your studies! Being at the 98 percentile is quite an achievement in a law program. I know that it has been tough on you to be away from your family these 7 years of studies. But you have done well, my son; I am truly proud of you. Thank you for informing me of your great achievements in your studies. You deserve the success and recognition from your professors, peers and family. We are all very proud of you.
Your consistent hard work paid off. You will be thrown with many challenges soon, as you enter another phase of your life;
but I believe that you will excel in all. You have a great personality and a sharp mind. I am sure you will use these to your best advantage.
Well done, my son! Not only have you graduated well from college, you have secured a lucrative post with one of the most prestigious law firm in Philadelphia. This is indeed a double congratulation! You have excelled beyond my expectations. Take good care of yourself and keep climbing the ladder of success! The sky’s the limit. We are here to support you each step of the way. With all my love, LETTERS
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Jalan Citarum No. 30 Phone (021) 3483128 Jakarta February 13, 2012 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGER PT ANDIKA INDO PRATAMA PO BOX 374, SBY SURABAYA Dear Sir, In reply to your advertisement in Surabaya Post on February 11, 2012. I would like to apply for the position as Purchasing Manager. I am Hadi Anwar, 27 years old and unmarried. I graduated from Indonesia University majoring in Management. I have working at PT Nusa Kencana Tbk. as Export-Import Staff. I have some experiences about purchasing related in
machinery. I have more business relation in foreign country such as Japan and Malaysia. I believe that my qualifications can
be an asset in your company.Being energetic and dynamic, I can get on very well with other people. I always use computer to access network data. I have a good English knowledge in spoken and written. I am sure you will take in my qualifications into consideration. I enclose a full of curriculum vitae and diploma. I would like to meet for an interview anytime. I look forward to hearing from you. Regards, Hadi Anwar, M.Si LETTERS
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ACTIVITY : 4 (OPEN DISCUSSION)
What is letter? Activity 5 Make groups of five people Read the letters from module KKD 1 page 8 – 11, then complete the following table!
Kinds of letter Social function
Date
Address and sender
Salutation
Content
Closing
LETTERS
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Complete this letter with
the appropriate words.
ACTIVITY 6
LETTERS
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LETTERS
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Head of Personnel PT. Hotel Chakra Buana Jl. Kingdom Struggle 56 West Jakarta Dear Sirs, After …………………. an ad in the Daily father Kheir and Mell's today for reception office (receptionist), I volunteered to fill the position.
I have …………… my diploma program in hospitality and tourism Jakarta Tourism Academy, and believes has
the necessary …………………….for the job. I was twenty years old and had worked at an insurance company. I can speak English well and are able to …………………computers.
For your ……………….., I have attached a curriculum vitae, a copy of the good behavior of the police, the last diploma and my photos are recent. I am looking forward to the interview, where I was able to explain all the potential and ability to father myself. Yours sincerely, Aquilla Ramoz LETTERS
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Write a personal letter about your feeling and send it to somebody you love best.
Write an application letter based on the following job vacancy. LETTERS
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HOW TO TEACH /DELIVER LETTER TEXT TO THE STUDENTS 1.
Introducing some letters (personal and application letter) to the students. Ask them to read them and differentiate them
2. After differentiating them, draw the students attention to the parts of
each letter. Do they have some parts of letter? 3. Give the students a letter and ask them to identify the parts of the letter given by the teacher.
4. The teacher give explanation about letter, parts of letter, the kinds of
letter and purpose of writing a letter 5. The teacher asks the students to fill in the letter template (in groups) 6. The teacher asks the students to make a letter based on their own creation
7. Present the letter 8.
Teacher give comment and reinforcement.
TEXTS Descriptive Text
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TEXTS TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN SKENARIO PEMBELAJARAN MATERI PEMBELAJARAN PEMANTAPAN
TUJUAN
Setelah mempelajari teks deskriptif,
diharapkan Anda akan mampu meningkatkan penguasaan materi, struktur, konsep, dan pola pikir keilmuan yang mendukungpemahaman teks deskriptif dengan
benar.INDIKATOR PENCAPAIAN KOMPETENSI
1. Menentukan gambaran umum teks tertulis fungsional berbentuk deskriptif dengan tepat
2. Menentukan makna kata teks tertulis fungsional berbentuk deskriptif dengan tepat 3.
Menentukan informasi perinci tersurat teks tertulis fungsional berbentuk deskriptif dengan tepat
4. Menentukan fungsi sosial, struktur kebahasaan dan ciri teks deskriptif
5. Menentukan koherensi dan kohesi teks deskriptif tertulis dengan tepat
6. Menentukan cara pengajaran teks deskriptif dengan tepat.
BACK TO MATERI DESCRIPTIVE TEXT DEFINISI :
Teks deskriptif : teks yang menggambarkan apa yang
kita maksud tentang orang/benda/tempat tertentu .
Kane (2000) : menyebutkan bahwa teks deskriptif
adalah teks yang menjelaskan gambaran seseorang,
benda, atau tempat tertentu untuk menggambarkan
atau mengungkapkannya. Terwilliger (2011): berpendapat bahwa teks deskriptif
digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan orang atau benda tertentu dengan menyampaikan kepada pembaca bagaimana kelihatannya, suaranya, baunya, ataupun rasanya. DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
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Fungsi sosial teks deskript : Menggambarkan seseorang, tempat atau sesuatu secara khusus.
DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
Generic Structures 1.
Introduction/Pengenalan tentang orang, benda, atau sesuatu yang akan dideskripsikan
2. Description/Gambaran ciri-ciri orang, benda atau sesuatu, misalnya berasal dari mana, warnanya, ukurannya, kesukaannya dsb.
Deskripsi ini hanya memberikan informasi mengenai benda
atau orang tertentu yang sedang dibahas saja, misalnya
deskripsi tentang ‘ My Dog ’. Ciri-ciri ‘anjing saya’ tersebut
dapat berbeda dengan anjing yang lain. DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
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Unsur Kebahasaan Kata benda yang terkait dengan orang, tempat wisata,
- dan bangunan bersejarah terkenal, dengan atau tanpa a,
an dan the, plural (s), this, that, those, my, his, dan seterusnya . Kata sifat tentang orang, binatang, benda dalam
- kehidupan siswa di rumah, sekolah, dan sekitarnya, dengan atau tanpa kata keterangan quite, very, extremely, dan seterusnya.
Kata kerja untuk menyatakan keadaan dan deskripsi tempat
- dalam simple present tense AKTIF, PASIF
( ) DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
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Penggunaan nominal singular dan plural
secara tepat, dengan atau tanpa a, an,
the, this, those, my, their, dsb secara tepat dalam frasa nominal Simple Past Tense untuk- mendeskripsikan suatu tempat dan keadaan di masa lalu
NOUN PHRASE
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Example : ( Brain Storming ) DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
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Title Burj Khalifa Identification Burj Khalifa is a megatall skycraper in Dubai,
United Arab Emirates. Description of It is the tallest artificial structure in the world, height standing at 829.8 m (2,722 ft).
Description of the The construction of Burj Khalifa began in 2004, construction with the exterior completed in 2009. The building was opened in 2010, as part of the new development called .
Description of The building was named in honor of the ruler naming the of and president of the United Arab building Emirates, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan. DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
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Description of the The design of Burj Khalifa is designed as the spiral design minaret. The Y-shaped plan is designed for residential and hotel usage. A buttressed core structural system is used to support the height of the building, and the cladding system is designed to withstand Dubai's summer temperatures. A total of 57 elevators and 8 escalators are installed, with the elevators having a capacity of 12 to 14 people per cabin. Description of the Critical reception to Burj Khalifa has been generally quality positive, and the building received many awards.
However, the labor issues during construction have been controversial, since the building was built primarily by workers from South Asia and East Asia, who earned low wages and were reportedly housed in poor conditions. Description of what You can enjoy many things there. With $30, you can to enjoy enjoy Dubai from the top point of the building. You can buy anything you need or just windowshopping there. DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
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Menanyakan gambaran umum sebuah teks, biasanya diajukan pertanyaan seperti berikut ini:
1. What is the topic of the text?
2. What is the text about?
3. What does the text mainly talk about?
4. What is the main idea of the text! 5. The text is about….
6. The text mainly tells about…………… DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
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Contoh pertanyaan yang menanyakan makna
kata: a)What does the underlined word mean?
b) What does the underlined phrase mean?
c) What does the underlined sentence mean?
d) The underlined word/phrase/ sentence means …
e) What is the synonym of the underlined word?
f) What is the closest meaning of the underlined word?
g) What is the antonym of the underlined word? DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
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Untuk menentukan makna kata tertentu dalam teks deskriptif
- Baca dan pahami pertanyaan dengan baik.
- Baca dengan teliti bagian teks yang memuat kata tersebut.
- Baca kalimat sekitar, sebelum, dan sesudah dari awal kalimat dimana kata itu digunakan.
- Tentukan makna dari kata tersebut.
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Kohesi dan Koherensi
Kohesi merupakan salah satu unsur pembentuk teks yang penting.
Brown dan Yule (1983) dalam Rani (2004) menyatakan bahwa unsur pembentuk teks itulah yang membedakan sebuah rangkaian kalimat itu sebagai sebuah teks atau bukan teks.
Sebuah teks harus memiliki keterpaduan bentuk
(kohesi) dan keterpaduan makna (koherensi). DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
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Kohesi dan Koherensi
Kohesi adalah hubungan antar bagian dalam
teks yang ditandai oleh piranti kohesi (cohesion devices). Sedangkan koheren adalah keterpaduan antar kalimat yang saling mendukung.
Sebuah teks yang kohesif belum tentu koheren.
Namun teks yang koheren biasanya kohesif. DESCRIPTIVE TEXT Meaning/ Function Examples Meaning/ Function Examples BACK TO MATERI
While, never,
Furthermore, too,
Immediately, after,later, earlier, always,
Moreover, also,
when, soon,
in the second place,
whenever, meanwhile,
again, in addition,
sometimes,
even more, next,
in the meantime,
Addition
Time during
further, last, lastly,
afterwards, now, until now, next
finally, besides, and, or,
following, once
nor, first, second,
then, at length, simultaneously
secondly, etc.
so far, this time subsequently to illustrate
Here, there, nearby, to demonstrate
Exemplification beyond, wherever specifically for instance
Place opposite to, adjacent to /
Yet, and yet, nevertheless
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nonetheless in the same way after all, but, by the same token however, though similarly, likewise otherwise,
Comparison Contrast in like manner on the contrary in similar fashion in contrast not withstanding on the other hand at the same time that is to say because in other words since to explain on account of
i.e., (that is) for that reason
Cause Clarification to clarify to rephrase it to put it another way Therefore, as a result, in order that consequently, thus, so that, this end, accordingly, hence to that end, to
Effect Purpose
for this purpose DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
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Concession to be sure granted of course, it is true
Summary to summarize in sum in brief to sum up in short in summary
Conclusion in conclusion to conclude finally Demonstrative actings this those these That Pronouns serving as links to clearly refer to a specific word or phrase
His, its, theirs, it, their, your, her, they, our DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
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Contoh Paragraf yang kohesif dan koheren
My Favorite Song
I have a favorite song. It is ‘Katy Perry’s Roar .
I like this song because it encourages somebody who is disregarded by others. For that reason, I use this song to teach my DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
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Contoh Paragraf yang kohesif tapi tidak koheren
My Favorite Song
I have a favorite song. It is Katy Perry‘s Roar’. I like this song because it encourages somebody who is disregarded by others. Moreover, Katy Perry is very beautiful. She has bright skin, nice teeth, beautiful hair, and slim. A lot of people like her, including me.She will perform in Indonesia next month. My friends and I will come to her concert. We plan to go earlier
to get a cozy position so that I can take pictures of her. DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
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NOUN PHRASES
A noun phrase is a group of words with a noun or pronoun as
its head . The simplest one is by adding another word such as determiners “a” or “the” like in “the book”. We can also put some possessive adjective such as “my” or “our” in “our school”. You can also combine a noun with an adjective to form a noun phrase such as “The delicious pizza”, and in a more complex use of noun phrase is by adding some connectors to a sentence. Look at the example below:
It is beautiful. That view from the top of the mountain is beautiful. DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
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DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
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Do you know them? 2. What do you think about them?
Activity 1 Look at this picture, give your comments about it. DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
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Read the following text and answer the questions about it The Prince and the Princess
Everyone knows about the well-dressed Prince William and the elegant Kate Middleton.
When Prince William was young, he had everything a woman wanted in a man; handsome, tall and slim, with wavy blond hair. Oh, and rich. Now they tell me he’s still tall, rich and slim… but balding. And not handsome anymore! As for men, Kate may not be curvy but she’s still a beautiful brunette, with cute dimples and a pearly-white smile. However, the pressures to conform to society, she has become a bit too skinny. I guess it is only natural to judge people on their looks, particularly if they are famous – being overweight or slightly chubby will always be noticed by newspapers. If you look back at photos of the Prince when he was young, he doesn’t look that much different to now, except for his hair of course. Some people are even saying that Kate just wants to be a princess! Would anyone even make that comment if he had hair?? It just goes to show that some women do think that being bald somehow makes you ugly. This is not always true though, as some celebrities who are bald are voted the sexiest men alive, such as the muscled Bruce Willis and the bearded Sean Connery.
So even though it’s a case of hair today, gone tomorrow for Prince William, he still has money, and power. Most importantly, he is the hair – I mean, heir – to the throne! So do appearances really matter? In this situation, definitely not. (simplified from www.stgeorges.co.uk) DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
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Answer these questions based on the text!
1. What physical appearance didn’t Prince William have when
he was young?
2. What is the second paragraph talking about? 3. “Most importantly, he is the hair – I mean, heir – to the throne!” What does this sentence mean? DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
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Fill in this chart with any adjectives you find in the text which describes Prince William and Kate. WILLIAM KATE DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
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Find the words in the text which have similar meaning with the ones in this chart. graceful and attractive in appearance or behaviour A white woman or girl with dark hair Having muscular body Fat in a pleasant and attractive way The special chair used by a ruler, especially a king or queen A person with the automatic right to legally receive all or most of the money, property, title, etc from DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
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Activity 2 Now, let’s see another picture Do you know where it is? What do you think about this place? DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
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Read the following text and answer the questions. Discuss the answer with your friends!
Ranu Kumbolo is a lake located in the Tengger Mountains, the foothills of Mount Semeru,
Senduro District, Lumajang, East Java Province. This lake is part of the Bromo Tengger
Semeru National Park and is located at an altitude of 2,400 meters above sea level (masl).
The lake is quite beautiful with its breathtaking natural scenery. The lake also serves as a
transit point, both for hikers who want to go to Mahameru, the summit of Semeru and for the
climbers who go down from Mahameru because basically this lake is perfect as a place to
unwind your stress while looking at the beautiful view of the sunrise and sunset from the lake .
As has been known previously, this lake is part of the conservation area of Bromo Tengger
Semeru National Park and has a considerable wealth of biodiversity of flora and fauna. So as
to maintain the authenticity to be not spoiled, there are some rules that must be obeyed by
hikers or anyone who visits the lake, such as a ban on activities that have the potential to
make lake and its surroundings dirty, including bathing and even swimming in the lake, even
fishing on the lake is also prohibited. It is intended to keep the authenticity of the local ecosystem. DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
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Discuss in groups to answer these
questions
1. Where is Ranu Kumbolo located? 2.
What can we do there 3. Why should there be some rules that must be obeyed by the hikers? DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
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Menentukan cara pengajaran descriptive text DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
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Menentukan cara pengajaran descriptive text DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
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Menentukan cara pengajaran descriptive text DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
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Activity 3
Work in groups of 4
Do LK 1 number 5 (5. Menentukan cara pengajaran descriptive text dengan tepat.) DESCRIPTIVE TEXT