Trauma Thorakolumbar.
SARI PUSTAKA
TRAUMA THORAKOLUMBAR
Oleh :
IB Aditya Wirakarna
Pembimbing :
dr. I.G.L.N.A Artha Wiguna Sp.OT (K) Spine
PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN DOKTER SPESIALIS BEDAH
SUB BAGIAN ORTHOPAEDI DAN TRAUMATOLOGI
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA
]
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji Sukur penulis panjatkan ke hadapan Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena berkat-Nya lah
sari pustaka yang berjudul “Trauma Thorakolumbar” ini dapat diselesaikan tepat pada
waktunya.
Tujuan dari penulisan sari pustaka ini adalah untuk menambah pengetahuan penulis dan
peserta PPDS-1 Orthopaedi dan Traumatologi tentang trauma thorakolumbar serta
sebagai syarat mengikuti pendidikan Program Studi Orthopaedi dan Traumatologi.
Penulis juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Prof. Dr. dr I Ketut Siki Kawiyana,
Sp.B, Sp.OT(K) selaku Ketua Program Studi Orthopaedi dan Traumatologi Fakultas
Kedokteran Universitas Udayana/RSUP Sanglah Denpasar serta kepada dr I.G.L.N.A
Artha Wiguna Sp.OT(K) Spine, selaku pembimbing penulisan sari pustaka ini, atas
bimbingan dan kesediaannya meluangkan waktu untuk memberi petunjuk dan
bimbingan demi penulisan sari pustaka.
Penulis menyadari sari pustaka ini masih jauh dari sempurna. Oleh karena itu, penulis
mohon saran dan kritik demi perbaikan sari pustaka ini untuk kedepannya.
Akhir kata, semoga sari pustaka ini dapat berguna untuk perbaikan pemahaman dan
pelayanan pada pasien trauma ke depannya.
8 September 2015
Penulis
DAFTAR ISI
KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................................... i
DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................................... ii
1.1 Anatomy Tulang Belakang Cervical .............................................................................
1.2 Tulang Belakang cervical bagian atas ...........................................................................
1.3 Tulang Belakang cervical bagian Bawah ......................................................................
1.4 Suplai saraf ....................................................................................................................
1.5 Diskus Intervertebralis...................................................................................................
1.6 Ligamen .........................................................................................................................
2.1 Epidemiologi .................................................................................................................
2.2 Patofisiologi dari Axial Neck Pain ................................................................................
2.3 Patofisiologi dari Radiculopati ......................................................................................
2.4 Patofisiologi dari Mielopati ...........................................................................................
2.5 Klinis dari Syndrome Axial Neck Pain, Cervical Radiculopathy, and Myelopathy .....
2.5.1 Axial Neck Pain...................................................................................................
2.5.2 Cervical Radiculopathy .......................................................................................
2.5.3 Cervical Myelopathy ...........................................................................................
2.6. Pemeriksaan Penunjang ................................................................................................
2.6.1 Radiografi standar ...............................................................................................
2.6.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging .............................................................................
2.6.3 CT Myelography .................................................................................................
2.6.4 Studi Injeksi ........................................................................................................
2.7 Differential Diagnosis...................................................................................................
3.1 Non-operatif Treatment ................................................................................................
3.1.1 Treatment Konservatif ........................................................................................
3.1.2 Terapi Manipulatif ...............................................................................................
3.2 Operative Treatment ......................................................................................................
3.2.1 General Principles .............................................................................................
3.2.2 Teknik Operasi ..................................................................................................
3.2.3 Anterior Cervical Discectomy dan Fusion ........................................................
3.2.4 Autograft Versus Allograft ...............................................................................
3.2.5 Fiksasi dengan plate ..........................................................................................
3.2.6 Fusi dengan cages .............................................................................................
3.2.7 Anterior Corpectomy ........................................................................................
3.2.8 Anterior Discectomy tanpa Fusi........................................................................
3.2.9 Total Diskus Arthroplasty .................................................................................
3.2.10 Posterior Laminectomy ...................................................................................
3.2.11 Laminectomy and Instrumented Fusion ..........................................................
3.2.12 Posterior Foraminotomy..................................................................................
3.2.13 Laminoplasty ...................................................................................................
3.2.14 Surgical Decision-Making ..............................................................................
3.3 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Hasil .................................................................................
3.3 Komplikasi.....................................................................................................................
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..........................................................................................................
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, Cervical Spine Surgery: A
Guide to Preoperative and Postoperative Patient Care, Review Article, NEJM
vol. 343 (4). Pp. 269-280.
2. Mustapha Z, Okedayo M et al. Cervical Spine MRI Findings in Patients
Presenting With Neck Pain and Radiculopathy. International Research Journal of
Basic and Clinical Studies Vol. 2(2) pp. 20-26, February 2014.
3. Degefe A. Belachew, Bernhard J. Schaller, Zenebe Guta. Cervical spondylosis: a
literature review with attention to the African population. Arch Med Sci 2007; 3,
4: 315-322.
4. North American Spine Society. Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical
Radiculopathy from Degenerative Disorders. North American Spine Society.
2010.
5. M. A. El Masry . W. S. Badawy et al. Combined anterior interbody fusion and
posterior pedicle screw fixation in patients with degenerative lumbar disc
disease. International Orthopaedics (SICOT) (2004) 28: 294–297.
6. T. A. Coughlin, Z. Klezl. Focus On Cervical Myelopathy. British Editorial
Society of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2012.
7. Jeffrey Mullin, Daniel Shedid, Edward Benzel .Overview of Cervical
Spondylosis Pathophysiology and Biomechanics .WScJ 2: 89-97, 2011.
8. John C. Kelly, Patrick J. Groarke. The Natural History and Clinical Syndromes
of Degenerative Cervical Spondylosis. Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Advances in Orthopedics Volume 2012.
9. Qinghui Que, Xiaode Ye, Quangui Su, Yan Weng et al.
Effectiveness of
acupuncture intervention for neck pain caused by cervical spondylosis: study
protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Que et al. Trials 2013, 14:186.
10. M Maree. Management of degenerative cervical disc disease. Page 10
SA
Orthopaedic Journal Autumn 2007.
11. Marc J. Levine, Todd J. Albert. Cervical Radiculopathy: Diagnosis and
Nonoperative Management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 1996;4:305-316.
12. Rhonda-Marie Avery.Massage Therapy for Cervical Degenerative Disc Disease:
Alleviating a Pain in the Neck? .International Journal of Therapeutic Massage
and Bodywork, Volume 5, Number 3, September 2012.
13. Matthew McDonnel, and Phillip Lucas. Cervical Spondylosis, Stenosis, and
Rheumatoid Arthritis. Medicine & Health/Rhode Island. Volume 95 No. 4 April
2012.
14. Raj Rao. Neck pain, Cervical Radiculopathy, and Cervical Myelopathy. The
Journal of Bone & Joint surgery. JBJS. Volume 84-a. number 10. October 2002.
15. Raj Rao, Bradford L. Degenerative Cervical Spondylosis: Clinical Syndromes,
Pathogenesis, and Management. The Journal Of Bone & Joint Surgery. JBJS.
Volume 89-A. Number 6. June 2007.
16. S Stawicki, John J. Guarnaschelli. Cervical Disc Disease in Geriatric. European
Journal of General Medicine. Eur J Gen Med 2009; 6(3): 140-143.
TRAUMA THORAKOLUMBAR
Oleh :
IB Aditya Wirakarna
Pembimbing :
dr. I.G.L.N.A Artha Wiguna Sp.OT (K) Spine
PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN DOKTER SPESIALIS BEDAH
SUB BAGIAN ORTHOPAEDI DAN TRAUMATOLOGI
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA
]
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji Sukur penulis panjatkan ke hadapan Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena berkat-Nya lah
sari pustaka yang berjudul “Trauma Thorakolumbar” ini dapat diselesaikan tepat pada
waktunya.
Tujuan dari penulisan sari pustaka ini adalah untuk menambah pengetahuan penulis dan
peserta PPDS-1 Orthopaedi dan Traumatologi tentang trauma thorakolumbar serta
sebagai syarat mengikuti pendidikan Program Studi Orthopaedi dan Traumatologi.
Penulis juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Prof. Dr. dr I Ketut Siki Kawiyana,
Sp.B, Sp.OT(K) selaku Ketua Program Studi Orthopaedi dan Traumatologi Fakultas
Kedokteran Universitas Udayana/RSUP Sanglah Denpasar serta kepada dr I.G.L.N.A
Artha Wiguna Sp.OT(K) Spine, selaku pembimbing penulisan sari pustaka ini, atas
bimbingan dan kesediaannya meluangkan waktu untuk memberi petunjuk dan
bimbingan demi penulisan sari pustaka.
Penulis menyadari sari pustaka ini masih jauh dari sempurna. Oleh karena itu, penulis
mohon saran dan kritik demi perbaikan sari pustaka ini untuk kedepannya.
Akhir kata, semoga sari pustaka ini dapat berguna untuk perbaikan pemahaman dan
pelayanan pada pasien trauma ke depannya.
8 September 2015
Penulis
DAFTAR ISI
KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................................... i
DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................................... ii
1.1 Anatomy Tulang Belakang Cervical .............................................................................
1.2 Tulang Belakang cervical bagian atas ...........................................................................
1.3 Tulang Belakang cervical bagian Bawah ......................................................................
1.4 Suplai saraf ....................................................................................................................
1.5 Diskus Intervertebralis...................................................................................................
1.6 Ligamen .........................................................................................................................
2.1 Epidemiologi .................................................................................................................
2.2 Patofisiologi dari Axial Neck Pain ................................................................................
2.3 Patofisiologi dari Radiculopati ......................................................................................
2.4 Patofisiologi dari Mielopati ...........................................................................................
2.5 Klinis dari Syndrome Axial Neck Pain, Cervical Radiculopathy, and Myelopathy .....
2.5.1 Axial Neck Pain...................................................................................................
2.5.2 Cervical Radiculopathy .......................................................................................
2.5.3 Cervical Myelopathy ...........................................................................................
2.6. Pemeriksaan Penunjang ................................................................................................
2.6.1 Radiografi standar ...............................................................................................
2.6.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging .............................................................................
2.6.3 CT Myelography .................................................................................................
2.6.4 Studi Injeksi ........................................................................................................
2.7 Differential Diagnosis...................................................................................................
3.1 Non-operatif Treatment ................................................................................................
3.1.1 Treatment Konservatif ........................................................................................
3.1.2 Terapi Manipulatif ...............................................................................................
3.2 Operative Treatment ......................................................................................................
3.2.1 General Principles .............................................................................................
3.2.2 Teknik Operasi ..................................................................................................
3.2.3 Anterior Cervical Discectomy dan Fusion ........................................................
3.2.4 Autograft Versus Allograft ...............................................................................
3.2.5 Fiksasi dengan plate ..........................................................................................
3.2.6 Fusi dengan cages .............................................................................................
3.2.7 Anterior Corpectomy ........................................................................................
3.2.8 Anterior Discectomy tanpa Fusi........................................................................
3.2.9 Total Diskus Arthroplasty .................................................................................
3.2.10 Posterior Laminectomy ...................................................................................
3.2.11 Laminectomy and Instrumented Fusion ..........................................................
3.2.12 Posterior Foraminotomy..................................................................................
3.2.13 Laminoplasty ...................................................................................................
3.2.14 Surgical Decision-Making ..............................................................................
3.3 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Hasil .................................................................................
3.3 Komplikasi.....................................................................................................................
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..........................................................................................................
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, Cervical Spine Surgery: A
Guide to Preoperative and Postoperative Patient Care, Review Article, NEJM
vol. 343 (4). Pp. 269-280.
2. Mustapha Z, Okedayo M et al. Cervical Spine MRI Findings in Patients
Presenting With Neck Pain and Radiculopathy. International Research Journal of
Basic and Clinical Studies Vol. 2(2) pp. 20-26, February 2014.
3. Degefe A. Belachew, Bernhard J. Schaller, Zenebe Guta. Cervical spondylosis: a
literature review with attention to the African population. Arch Med Sci 2007; 3,
4: 315-322.
4. North American Spine Society. Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical
Radiculopathy from Degenerative Disorders. North American Spine Society.
2010.
5. M. A. El Masry . W. S. Badawy et al. Combined anterior interbody fusion and
posterior pedicle screw fixation in patients with degenerative lumbar disc
disease. International Orthopaedics (SICOT) (2004) 28: 294–297.
6. T. A. Coughlin, Z. Klezl. Focus On Cervical Myelopathy. British Editorial
Society of Bone and Joint Surgery. 2012.
7. Jeffrey Mullin, Daniel Shedid, Edward Benzel .Overview of Cervical
Spondylosis Pathophysiology and Biomechanics .WScJ 2: 89-97, 2011.
8. John C. Kelly, Patrick J. Groarke. The Natural History and Clinical Syndromes
of Degenerative Cervical Spondylosis. Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Advances in Orthopedics Volume 2012.
9. Qinghui Que, Xiaode Ye, Quangui Su, Yan Weng et al.
Effectiveness of
acupuncture intervention for neck pain caused by cervical spondylosis: study
protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Que et al. Trials 2013, 14:186.
10. M Maree. Management of degenerative cervical disc disease. Page 10
SA
Orthopaedic Journal Autumn 2007.
11. Marc J. Levine, Todd J. Albert. Cervical Radiculopathy: Diagnosis and
Nonoperative Management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 1996;4:305-316.
12. Rhonda-Marie Avery.Massage Therapy for Cervical Degenerative Disc Disease:
Alleviating a Pain in the Neck? .International Journal of Therapeutic Massage
and Bodywork, Volume 5, Number 3, September 2012.
13. Matthew McDonnel, and Phillip Lucas. Cervical Spondylosis, Stenosis, and
Rheumatoid Arthritis. Medicine & Health/Rhode Island. Volume 95 No. 4 April
2012.
14. Raj Rao. Neck pain, Cervical Radiculopathy, and Cervical Myelopathy. The
Journal of Bone & Joint surgery. JBJS. Volume 84-a. number 10. October 2002.
15. Raj Rao, Bradford L. Degenerative Cervical Spondylosis: Clinical Syndromes,
Pathogenesis, and Management. The Journal Of Bone & Joint Surgery. JBJS.
Volume 89-A. Number 6. June 2007.
16. S Stawicki, John J. Guarnaschelli. Cervical Disc Disease in Geriatric. European
Journal of General Medicine. Eur J Gen Med 2009; 6(3): 140-143.