SUBJECTIVITY OF MARIAM: AN ANALYSIS OF KHALED HOSSEINI’S NOVEL A THOUSAND Subjectivity Of Mariam: An Analysis Of Khaled Hosseini’s Novel A Thousand Splendid Suns (2007).
SUBJECTIVITY OF MARIAM: AN ANALYSIS OF
KHALED HOSSEINI’S NOVEL A THOUSAND
SPLENDID SUNS (2007)
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
for Getting the Graduate Degree of Language Department
at Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Arranged by
NurMuaddatunikmah
S200140081
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE STUDY
GRADUATE SCHOOL
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2016
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
MOTTO
-
Marriage can wait, education cannot
(KhaledHosseini)
-
Forget about all the reasons why something may not work. You only
need to find one good reason why it will.
(Dr. Robert Anthony)
-
The earliest you can start any project is now.
(Lucy Mallan)
-
Do not let laziness beat you.
(Nurma)
vii
DEDICATION
This paper is proudly and wholeheartedly dedicates to:
-
My beloved parents, MaskurArifin and Sri Wahyuni, who always give me
spiritual and material supports; thank you for the love.
-
My brother, AgengWahyuNugroho
-
My ‘only one’, Theo Sandy Pradana. Thanks for your love and your
support.
-
My best friends in Solo: Pipin, Novi, Ingrit, Eva.
-
My Besties in Salatiga: IkaIcko, Febri, Nica.
-
My lovely friends at SMK Putra Bangsa: dedekUtha, Bu Fafa.
-
The Headmaster of SMK Putra Bangsa: RinaAriyani, S.farm., Apt., Mpd.
viii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
AssalamualaikumWr. Wb.
Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin, all praises and gratitude be to Allah SWT,
the most gracious and the most merciful for blessing the writer to accomplish this
thesis under the title “Subjectivity of Mariam: An Analysis of KhaledHosseini’s
Novel A Thousand Splendid Suns (2007)”. This thesis is one of requirement for
getting the post graduate program of language at Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta.
The writer realizes that it would never be possible without contribution
and supports from others. The writer would like to express her appreciation to:
1. Prof.
Dr.
KhuzaifahDimyati,
S.H.,
M.Hum,
the
Director
of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Prof. Dr. Markhamah, M.Hum, the Head of Language Study Department,
3. Dr. Phil. DewiCandraningrum, M.EdDr. M. Thoyibi, M.S as advisors of
this thesis who give guidance and advices during the arrangement of
research paper from the beginning until the end,
4. BapakAnamSutopo as the third advisor,
5. All lecturer in Magister Language Study,
6. Her beloved father, mother, brother, and all family members who always
give support.
7. Her classmates in Magister of Language Study, MPB class A (Pak Pitoyo,
cak Luqman, Any, Yetty, Aya, Bu Amin, Bu Lely, Bu Tyas, MakNing,
ix
Mba Roma, Mas Nanak, Ningrum, Pak Heru, Pak Ali, Mas Anugrah,
UstadzSyech, Mas Popo, Mas Anang)
8. Those who help; Pak Suryadi, the lecturer of UNDIP; Pak WahyuLailul,
Fadli teacher at SMK Putra Bangsa; Pak PitoyoMeiyono, teacher at SMK
Sragen
The writer realizes that this research paper is not perfect and has a lot of
weaknesses. Therefore, the writer thanks to the readers if they can contribute in
giving suggestion and criticism to make this thesis better.
Wassalamu’alaikumWr. Wb.
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
PAGE OF TITLE .............................................................................................
i
NOTE OF ADVISOR I ....................................................................................
ii
NOTE OF ADVISOR II ..................................................................................
iii
APPROVAL.....................................................................................................
iv
APPROVAL OF THESIS FOR SUBMISSION ..............................................
v
PRONOUNCEMENT ......................................................................................
vi
MOTTO ...........................................................................................................
vii
DEDICATION .................................................................................................
viii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ..................................................................................
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT ...................................................................................
xi
ABSTACT .......................................................................................................
xiii
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
CHAPTER III
INTRODUCTION ...............................................................
1
A. Background of Study ....................................................
1
B. Limitation of Study .......................................................
5
C. Problem Statement ........................................................
5
D. Objective of Study ........................................................
6
E. Benefit of Study ............................................................
6
F. Research Organization ..................................................
7
UNDERLYING THEORY ..................................................
8
A. Introduction...................................................................
8
1. Previous Study .......................................................
8
2. Theoretical Review ................................................
13
a) Subjectivity .....................................................
15
b) Abject & Abjection.........................................
16
c) Semiotic ..........................................................
21
3. Theoretical Framework..........................................
29
RESEARCH METHOD ......................................................
30
A. Type of the Study .........................................................
30
xi
CHAPTER IV
CHAPTER VI
B. Type of Data and Data Source ......................................
30
C. Data Collecting Method................................................
31
D. Data Analyzing Technique ...........................................
32
ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION .......................................
33
A. Analysis ........................................................................
33
1. Factors that Contribute to Subjectivity ..................
33
a. Personal Qualities ...........................................
33
1) Physical Qualities .....................................
33
2) Mental Qualities ......................................
35
3) Moral Qualities .........................................
51
4) Social Qualities .........................................
54
b. Environment ...................................................
58
1) Physical Environment ...............................
58
2) Social Economic Environment .................
62
3) Cultural Environment ...............................
65
2. Depiction of Subjectivity .......................................
69
a. Subjectivity .....................................................
70
b. Abject and Abjection ......................................
75
c. Semiotics ........................................................
79
B. Discussion .....................................................................
82
CONCLUSION, SUGGESTION, AND PEDAGOGICAL
IMPLICATION ...................................................................
88
A. Conclusion ....................................................................
88
B. Suggestion ....................................................................
89
C. Pedagogical Implication ...............................................
90
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................
92
VIRTUAL APPENDIX ...................................................................................
95
APPENDIX ......................................................................................................
96
xii
ABSTRAK
NUR MUADDATUNIKMAH. S200140081. SUBJECTIVITY OF MARIAM:
AN ANALYSIS OF KHALED HOSSEINI’S NOVEL A THOUSAND
SPLENDID SUNS (2007). TESIS. UNIVERSITAS MUHMMADIYAH
SURAKARTA. 2016
Studi subjektivitas telah difokuskan pada hubungan kekuasaan.
Hubungan antara Mariam dan ayahnya, Mariam dan ibunya, juga Mariam dan
suaminya, yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari statusnya sebagai anak haram. Di sini,
penulis mencoba untuk menganalisis subjektivitas Mariam didasarkan pada
pandangan Julia Kristeva. Akhirnya, penulis menarik kesimpulan bahwa dengan
menciptakan Mariam, Hosseini ingin menyampaikan pesan bahwa anak haram,
perempuan yang tidak berpendidikan, wanita yang tidak dapat bersosialisasi
dengan baik, juga perempuan yang mengenakan perempuan burqa adalah sama,
yang harus diterima, harus dicintai kembali, dan diperlakukan dengan baik .
Bagaimana buruk, dan kehidupan memalukan di masa lalu, tidak bisa menjadi
alasan untuk mengejek mereka atau memperlakukan mereka dengan buruk. Dan
semua manusia, baik pria atau wanita memiliki hak mereka untuk mendapatkan
pendidikan setinggi yang mereka inginkan.
ABSTRACT
NUR MUADDATUNIKMAH. S200140081. SUBJECTIVITY OF MARIAM:
AN ANALYSIS OF KHALED HOSSEINI’S NOVEL A THOUSAND
SPLENDID SUNS (2007). THESIS. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF
SURAKARTA. 2016
The subject of the study is a novel entitled A Thousand Splendid Suns
written by KhaledHosseini that was published on May 22nd, 2007. The study is to
analyze the subjectivity of Mariam. The method of collecting data is library
research and the technique of analyzing data is classifying the obtained data by
selecting the necessary ones. Then, the writer analyzes data based on Julia
Kristeva’s view on Subjectivity. Finally, the writer draws conclusion that by
creating Mariam, Hosseini wants to deliver message that harami child,
uneducated woman, unsocial woman, also wearing burqa woman is the same,
who need to be accepted, need to be loved back, and treated well. How pity, bad,
and embarrassing life in the past, cannot become reason to mock them or treat
them badly. And all of human, whether man or woman have their right to get
education as high as they want.
Keyword: subjectivity, abject and abjection.
xiii
KHALED HOSSEINI’S NOVEL A THOUSAND
SPLENDID SUNS (2007)
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
for Getting the Graduate Degree of Language Department
at Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Arranged by
NurMuaddatunikmah
S200140081
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE STUDY
GRADUATE SCHOOL
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2016
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
MOTTO
-
Marriage can wait, education cannot
(KhaledHosseini)
-
Forget about all the reasons why something may not work. You only
need to find one good reason why it will.
(Dr. Robert Anthony)
-
The earliest you can start any project is now.
(Lucy Mallan)
-
Do not let laziness beat you.
(Nurma)
vii
DEDICATION
This paper is proudly and wholeheartedly dedicates to:
-
My beloved parents, MaskurArifin and Sri Wahyuni, who always give me
spiritual and material supports; thank you for the love.
-
My brother, AgengWahyuNugroho
-
My ‘only one’, Theo Sandy Pradana. Thanks for your love and your
support.
-
My best friends in Solo: Pipin, Novi, Ingrit, Eva.
-
My Besties in Salatiga: IkaIcko, Febri, Nica.
-
My lovely friends at SMK Putra Bangsa: dedekUtha, Bu Fafa.
-
The Headmaster of SMK Putra Bangsa: RinaAriyani, S.farm., Apt., Mpd.
viii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
AssalamualaikumWr. Wb.
Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin, all praises and gratitude be to Allah SWT,
the most gracious and the most merciful for blessing the writer to accomplish this
thesis under the title “Subjectivity of Mariam: An Analysis of KhaledHosseini’s
Novel A Thousand Splendid Suns (2007)”. This thesis is one of requirement for
getting the post graduate program of language at Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta.
The writer realizes that it would never be possible without contribution
and supports from others. The writer would like to express her appreciation to:
1. Prof.
Dr.
KhuzaifahDimyati,
S.H.,
M.Hum,
the
Director
of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Prof. Dr. Markhamah, M.Hum, the Head of Language Study Department,
3. Dr. Phil. DewiCandraningrum, M.EdDr. M. Thoyibi, M.S as advisors of
this thesis who give guidance and advices during the arrangement of
research paper from the beginning until the end,
4. BapakAnamSutopo as the third advisor,
5. All lecturer in Magister Language Study,
6. Her beloved father, mother, brother, and all family members who always
give support.
7. Her classmates in Magister of Language Study, MPB class A (Pak Pitoyo,
cak Luqman, Any, Yetty, Aya, Bu Amin, Bu Lely, Bu Tyas, MakNing,
ix
Mba Roma, Mas Nanak, Ningrum, Pak Heru, Pak Ali, Mas Anugrah,
UstadzSyech, Mas Popo, Mas Anang)
8. Those who help; Pak Suryadi, the lecturer of UNDIP; Pak WahyuLailul,
Fadli teacher at SMK Putra Bangsa; Pak PitoyoMeiyono, teacher at SMK
Sragen
The writer realizes that this research paper is not perfect and has a lot of
weaknesses. Therefore, the writer thanks to the readers if they can contribute in
giving suggestion and criticism to make this thesis better.
Wassalamu’alaikumWr. Wb.
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
PAGE OF TITLE .............................................................................................
i
NOTE OF ADVISOR I ....................................................................................
ii
NOTE OF ADVISOR II ..................................................................................
iii
APPROVAL.....................................................................................................
iv
APPROVAL OF THESIS FOR SUBMISSION ..............................................
v
PRONOUNCEMENT ......................................................................................
vi
MOTTO ...........................................................................................................
vii
DEDICATION .................................................................................................
viii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ..................................................................................
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT ...................................................................................
xi
ABSTACT .......................................................................................................
xiii
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
CHAPTER III
INTRODUCTION ...............................................................
1
A. Background of Study ....................................................
1
B. Limitation of Study .......................................................
5
C. Problem Statement ........................................................
5
D. Objective of Study ........................................................
6
E. Benefit of Study ............................................................
6
F. Research Organization ..................................................
7
UNDERLYING THEORY ..................................................
8
A. Introduction...................................................................
8
1. Previous Study .......................................................
8
2. Theoretical Review ................................................
13
a) Subjectivity .....................................................
15
b) Abject & Abjection.........................................
16
c) Semiotic ..........................................................
21
3. Theoretical Framework..........................................
29
RESEARCH METHOD ......................................................
30
A. Type of the Study .........................................................
30
xi
CHAPTER IV
CHAPTER VI
B. Type of Data and Data Source ......................................
30
C. Data Collecting Method................................................
31
D. Data Analyzing Technique ...........................................
32
ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION .......................................
33
A. Analysis ........................................................................
33
1. Factors that Contribute to Subjectivity ..................
33
a. Personal Qualities ...........................................
33
1) Physical Qualities .....................................
33
2) Mental Qualities ......................................
35
3) Moral Qualities .........................................
51
4) Social Qualities .........................................
54
b. Environment ...................................................
58
1) Physical Environment ...............................
58
2) Social Economic Environment .................
62
3) Cultural Environment ...............................
65
2. Depiction of Subjectivity .......................................
69
a. Subjectivity .....................................................
70
b. Abject and Abjection ......................................
75
c. Semiotics ........................................................
79
B. Discussion .....................................................................
82
CONCLUSION, SUGGESTION, AND PEDAGOGICAL
IMPLICATION ...................................................................
88
A. Conclusion ....................................................................
88
B. Suggestion ....................................................................
89
C. Pedagogical Implication ...............................................
90
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................
92
VIRTUAL APPENDIX ...................................................................................
95
APPENDIX ......................................................................................................
96
xii
ABSTRAK
NUR MUADDATUNIKMAH. S200140081. SUBJECTIVITY OF MARIAM:
AN ANALYSIS OF KHALED HOSSEINI’S NOVEL A THOUSAND
SPLENDID SUNS (2007). TESIS. UNIVERSITAS MUHMMADIYAH
SURAKARTA. 2016
Studi subjektivitas telah difokuskan pada hubungan kekuasaan.
Hubungan antara Mariam dan ayahnya, Mariam dan ibunya, juga Mariam dan
suaminya, yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari statusnya sebagai anak haram. Di sini,
penulis mencoba untuk menganalisis subjektivitas Mariam didasarkan pada
pandangan Julia Kristeva. Akhirnya, penulis menarik kesimpulan bahwa dengan
menciptakan Mariam, Hosseini ingin menyampaikan pesan bahwa anak haram,
perempuan yang tidak berpendidikan, wanita yang tidak dapat bersosialisasi
dengan baik, juga perempuan yang mengenakan perempuan burqa adalah sama,
yang harus diterima, harus dicintai kembali, dan diperlakukan dengan baik .
Bagaimana buruk, dan kehidupan memalukan di masa lalu, tidak bisa menjadi
alasan untuk mengejek mereka atau memperlakukan mereka dengan buruk. Dan
semua manusia, baik pria atau wanita memiliki hak mereka untuk mendapatkan
pendidikan setinggi yang mereka inginkan.
ABSTRACT
NUR MUADDATUNIKMAH. S200140081. SUBJECTIVITY OF MARIAM:
AN ANALYSIS OF KHALED HOSSEINI’S NOVEL A THOUSAND
SPLENDID SUNS (2007). THESIS. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF
SURAKARTA. 2016
The subject of the study is a novel entitled A Thousand Splendid Suns
written by KhaledHosseini that was published on May 22nd, 2007. The study is to
analyze the subjectivity of Mariam. The method of collecting data is library
research and the technique of analyzing data is classifying the obtained data by
selecting the necessary ones. Then, the writer analyzes data based on Julia
Kristeva’s view on Subjectivity. Finally, the writer draws conclusion that by
creating Mariam, Hosseini wants to deliver message that harami child,
uneducated woman, unsocial woman, also wearing burqa woman is the same,
who need to be accepted, need to be loved back, and treated well. How pity, bad,
and embarrassing life in the past, cannot become reason to mock them or treat
them badly. And all of human, whether man or woman have their right to get
education as high as they want.
Keyword: subjectivity, abject and abjection.
xiii