A study of the personality development of the main character in Carson Mccullers` The Member of Wedding.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
A STUDY OF THE PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT OF THE
MAIN CHARACTER IN CARSON MCCULLERS’ THE
MEMBER OF THE WEDDING
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the degree of Sarjana Sastra
in English Letters
By
ENGRACIA TRINDADE
Student Number: 084214075
ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS
FACULTY OF LETTERS
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2012
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
A STUDY OF THE PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT OF THE
MAIN CHARACTER IN CARSON MCCULLERS’ THE
MEMBER OF THE WEDDING
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the degree of Sarjana Sastra
in English Letters
By
ENGRACIA TRINDADE
Student Number: 084214075
ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS
FACULTY OF LETTERS
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2012
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LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH
UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS
Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma:
Nama
: EngraciaTrindade
NomorMahasiswa
: 084214075
Demi kepentingan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan
Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul:
The Study of the Personality Development of the Main Character in Carson
McCullers’ The Member of the Wedding
Besertaperangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada).Dengan demikian saya memberikan
kepada Perpustakan Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan ,mengalihkan dalam
bentuk media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya
maupun memberikan royalty kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya
sebagai penulis.
Demikian pernyataan ini yang saya buat dengan sebenarnya.
Dibuat di Yogyakarta.
Pada tanggal: 30 November , 2012
Yang menyatakan,
( Engracia Trindade )
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Only God knows why..............
[Kid Rock]
I dedicate this undergraduate thesis to
My beloved parents
My nine sisters and brothers
My beloved Family
All of my friends
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I would like to thank my lord Jesus for all His blessing in every
single moment of my life. The precious think that I have in my life is my lord that
always leads me to find His way.
My greatest gratitude goes to my advisor Ni Luh Putu Rosiandani, S.S., M.
Hum for her advice, idea, support, and patience in reading and guiding my
undergraduate thesis writing. I appreciate her willingness to share her knowledge
with me to finish this thesis. I would like to thank my co-advisor Dra. A. B. Sri
Mulyani M.A., Ph. D. I also would like to thank my academic advisor Linda
Valentina Budiman. S.S., M.A. for her guidance along my study in English
Letters Department.
I also would like to give my appreciation to all lectures in English Letters
Department at Sanata Dharma University, to Mbak Ninik in the secretariat and
also library staffs for their assistance during my study.
My sweetest gratitude goes to my beloved parents, my father, Candido
Soares da Cruz and my mother Elisa Trindade for their love, prayers and patience
to guide me. I would like to thank my beloved uncle Josh Trindade, and Papa Tom
(Mr. Hyland) for their support and help. I would like to thank my nine beloved
sisters and brothers for their love and prayers. I would like to thank my darling
Marciano Dos Santos Amaral for his support, help, and prayer. I also thank my
friend Dame Napitupulu for her support and help during academic years. I would
like to thank all my cousins for their support and help specially for Betekai. I
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thank all my friends in my boarding house Dina, Noi, Ania, bin Eda for their
support.
For those whom I cannot mention his or her name one by one, you are
always in my heart and my mind. I thank them for making my life more
meaningful. Jesus always blesses you all.
Engracia Trindade
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STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY
I honestly declare that this thesis, which I have written, does not contain the work
or parts of the work of other people, except those cited in the quotations and
references, as a scientific paper should.
Yogyakarta, November 30, 2012
Engracia Trindade
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………….......
i
APPROVAL PAGE…………………………………………………..
ii
ACCEPTANCE PAGE ………………………………………………. iii
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI …………... iv
MOTTO PAGE………………………………………………………..
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………..
vi
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY………………………………….. viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………..
ix
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………….......
x
ABSTRAK………………………………………………………... …..
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CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION……………………………….. …..
A. Background of the Study……………………………………….
B. Problem Formulation………………………………................
C. Objective of the Study …………………………………….........
D. Definition of Term……………………………………………..
1
1
4
4
4
CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW…………………………
A. Review of Related Study…………………………………. ….
B. Review of Related Theories……………………………….. ….
1. Theory on Character and Characterization………..................
2. Theory on Personality Development…………………………..
C. Theoretical Framework ……………………………………. ….
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5
7
7
9
11
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY…………………………………
A. Object of the Study…………………………………………….
B. Approach of the Study…………………………………………
C. Method of the Study……………………………………..... …..
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12
13
14
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS…………………………………………..
A. The Description of the Main Character’s in the story …………
B. The Factors that Influence the Main Character’s Personality
Development ……………………………………………………
C. The Main Character’s Personality Development ……………….
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16
26
31
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION………………………………………..
45
BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………
49
APPENDIX……………………………………………………………..
51
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ABSTRACT
ENGRACIA TRINDADE, A Study of the Personality Development of the
Main character inCarson McCullers’s The Member Of The Wedding.
Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma
University, 2012.
This undergraduate thesis discuses Carson McCullers’s The Member Of
The Wedding. This novel tells about Frankie’s struggle to find her identity in her
adolescent time. Through Frankie’s struggle, the writer wants to study Frankie’s
personality development whichis influenced by her environment.
There are three questions concerning Frankie’s personality development.
The first question is about how is the main character described in the story.The
second question is about what are the factors that influence the main character’s
personality development and the third question is about how is the main
character’s personality developed.
In analyzing the data, the writer uses library research to collect data related
to the topic of the study. The writer applies theory on character, theory on
characterization , theory on personality development. Those relevant theories are
used to analyze the novel. The approach that is used in this study is psychological
approach because that is the appropriate approach to study personality.
In the analysis, it is found that the main character has three names that
havedifferent characteristic to each other. It starts from Frankie Addams, to F.
Jasmine then finally is Frances. Frankie Addams is the first figure in the novel.
She is a tomboy, immature, unsociable, dependent, andlack of confidence person.
These personalities are considered as the first form of the main character’s
personality in the novel. While F. Jasmine isthe second figure. She isa feminine,
more-mature and sociable person. These personalities are considered as the first
form personalitydevelopment thatareinfluenced by the grown girls. Furthermore,
Frances is the last figure. She isanindependent person and a confident person.
These two personalities are considered as the second personality development of
the main character after the influence of Mary Littlejohn. In the story, there are
two significant people that outside the home influence the main character’s
personality, such as the grown girls and Mary Littlejohn. The grown girls are
grown people, feminine and sociable person. Their behavior shaped Frankie’s first
personality development and Mary is a friendly, independent, and confident
person. Her behavior shaped Frankie’s second personality. Finally, it can be seen
that the main character personality develops because of the influence of people
outside the home. The people outside the home influence the main character’s
personality by giving the models to the main character to imitate direct and
indirect way. The people outside the home influence the main character’s
personality from tomboy person into feminine person, from immature to more-
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mature person, from unsociable person to sociable person and from dependent
person into independent person. She also changes from lack of confidence person
to confident person.
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ABSTRAK
ENGRACIA TRINDADE. A Study of Personality Development of the Main
character in Carson McCullers’s The Member Of The wedding.
Yogyakarta: Jurusan Satra Inggris, Fakultas Satra, Universitas Sanata Dharma
2012.
Skripsi ini mendiskusikan novel berjudul The Member Of The Wedding
karya Carson McCullers. Novel ini bercerita tentang perjuangan Frankie untuk
memperoleh identitasnya yang sebenarnya ketika dia dalam masa
remajanya.Melaluiperjuangan Frankie, penulis ingin mempelajari perkembanga
nkepribadian Frankie yang dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan.
Dalam skripsi ini terdapat tiga pertanyaan yang berkaitan dengan
perkembangan kepribadian tokoh utama.Pertanyaan pertama yaitu tentang
bagaimana diskripsi tokoh utama dalam cerita. Pertanyaan kedua yaitu tentang
faktor-faktor apa yang mempengaruhi perkembangan kepribadian tokoh utama.
Pertanyaan yang ketiga yaitu tentang bagaimana kepribadian tokoh utama itu
berkembang.
Dalam menganalisa data, penulis menggunaka nmetode penelitian pustaka
untuk menggumpulkan data yang berkaitan dengan topic dari penelitian ini.
Penulis mengaplikasikan teori karakter, teori karakteristik, teori-teori
perkembangan kepribadian.Teori-teori yang sesuai tersebut digunakan untuk
menganalisa novel.Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah
pendekatan psikolgi karena pendekatan ini sesuai untuk mempelajari tentang
kepribadian.
Di dalam analisa, ditemukan bahwa tokoh utama mempunyai tiga nama
yang berbeda karakteristik antara satu sama yang lain. Mulai dari Frankie Addams
ke F. jasmine dan akhirnya adalah Frances. Frankie Addams adalah figure
pertama dalam novel. Dia adalah orang yang bersifa tkelakian, tidak dewasa, tidak
bisa bersosial, tidak mandiri dan orang yang kurang percaya diri.Kepribadiankepribadian ini dianggap sebagai bentuk pertama kepribadian tokoh utama dalam
novel.Sedangkan, F.Jasmine adalah figure kedua.Dia bersifat keperempuaan, lebih
dewasa dan orang yang bisa bersosial.Kepribadian-kepribadian ini dianggap
sebagai bentuk pertama perkembangan kepribadian tookh utama yang dipengaruh
oleh para perempuan dewasa.Selanjutnya, Frances adalah figure terakhir. Dia
adalah orang yang bersifat mandiri dan percaya diri.Dua kepribadian ini
merupakan bentuk perkembangan kepribadian kedua dari tokoh utama setelah
pengaruh dari Mary Littlejohn. Dalam cerita, ada dua orang penting di luar rumah
yang mempengaruhi kepribadian tokoh utama, seperti para wanita dewasa dan
Mary Littlejohn.Para wanita dewasa adalah orang yang bersifat dewasa,
keperampuaan dan orang yang bisa bersosial. Perbuatan mereka membentuk
perkembangan kepribadian pertama tokoh utama, Mary adalah seorang yang
ramah tamah, mandiri dan percayadiri.Perbuatannya membentuk perkembangan
kepribadian kedua tokoh utama.Pada akhirnya dapat dilihat bahwa kepribadian
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tokoh utama berkembang karena pengaruh dari orang-orang di luar rumah. Orangorang di luar rumah mempengaruh kepribadian tokoh utama dengan memberikan
contoh-contoh pada tokoh utama untuk meniru dengan cara secara langsung dan
tidak langsung. Orang-orang di luar rumah mempengaruhi kepribadian tokoh
utama dari orang besifat kelaki-lakian menjadi orang yang bersifat keperempuaan,
dari seorang tidak dewasa menjadi lebih dewasa, dari seorang tidak bersosial
menjadi orang yang bisa bersosial, dari orang yang tidak mandiri menjadi mandiri,
tokoh utama juga berubah dari orang yang kurang percaya diri menjadi percaya
diri.
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Human beings in nature experience development since he or she is shaped
as an individual in the world. One of development is on his or her personality.
Studying about individual’s personality development is dealing with a process of
how an individual behaves, thinks, reacts and responds towards other people,
himself or herself since in the beginning of his or her life until he or she dies.
Development on individual’s personality does not occur by its self. Many aspects
can influence the development of the individual’s personality.
Besides family’s influence, one personality is also shaped and influenced
by the environment in which the individual live. The children with whom
they associate might influence the social attitude and behavior of children
(Hurlock, 1974: 234).
Regarding to it, there are two main aspects that influence individual’s
personality development. The first aspect is the individual’s experiences with the
family inside the home or it is called internal aspect, and the second aspect is the
individual’s experiences with the society outside the home or it is called external
aspect. Moreover, Hurlock adds
Adult outside the home may also affect young children’s social attitude
and behavior. When the children with people older than them, they will
strive to keep up with them, and by doing so, develop more patterns of
behavior then their age much (1974:234).
The two quotations above are strong proof that show the individual’s
personality will develop based on the influence of
both aspects family and
society. The main character in the novel that the writer takes in this study also
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undergoes such development. However, this study is focused on the personality
development, which is influenced by the society.
Literary works such as novel, short story, drama, poem and other works of
literature, can reveal such human behavior development. People will be
automatically aware about the values of life and its problems when he or she reads
literary works.
“People who read literary works, can learn not only literary itself but also
about social issue of human life.” (Perrine, 1974:3). From the quotation, it can be
seen that by learning literary works people will get advantage in improving their
knowledge. Concerning the human’s personality development in literary works
the writer figures out that McCullers’s novel, The Member of the Wedding also
has such issues. Therefore, in this study, the writer tries to examine and analyze
the personality development of the main character as seen in Carson McCullers’s
The Member of the Wedding.
The Member of the Wedding is one of literary works which themes about
adolescence’s life. The story is about an adolescence named Frankie who changes
her identity in order to be accepted by the society, because she confused about in
which group and society she belongs to.
McCullers describes this story clearly. The author of this novel tries to tell
the readers how Frankie feels to be in the phase that she is not included in the
society. She also describes Frankie’s uninteresting physical appearance that
prevents her from teenage social life. This description allows the readers to
examine and explore Frankie’s judgment towards people around her. Besides,
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McCullers also pictures the changes of F. Jasmine’s personality and Frances’s
Personality through the personality of Frankie.
Therefore, the issues above make the writer interested in examining the
personality development of the main character as seen in Carson McCullers, The
Member of the Wedding. The writer wants to explore more deepely about
Frankie’s personality development from the beginning until the end of the story.
B. Problem Formulation.
From the explanation above, there are three questions that can be
formulated as follow:
1.
How is the main character described in the story?
2.
What are the factors that influence the main character’s personality
development?
3.
How is the main character’s personality developed?
C. The Objective of the Study
After identifying the problem, the writer goes directly to the objective of
this research. It will be based on the number of the questions in the problem
formulation, which is already settled previously. The first objective is that the
writer would like to observe closely to the characteristics of the main character.
This is done because the writer needs to examine it in the story so that it can help
the writer to understand and figures out the characteristics of the main character.
The second objective is that the writer would like to know what factors that
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influence the main character’s personality development. The last objective is to
understand the development of the main character’s personality.
D. Definition of Term
In this part of study, the writer would like to explain the use of term in this
undergraduate thesis in order to avoid misunderstanding.
1. Personality Development
According to Kalish in The Psychology of Human Behavior, Personality is
defined as the dynamic organization of the characteristic attitudes leading to
behavior and distinguishing one individual from other individual. It refers to the
total individual, and includes needs, motives, and methods of adjusting,
temperament qualities, self-concept, role behaviors, attitudes, values and abilities
(1971:52).
According to Lemme, development is “ the systematic changes in behavior
over time that result from the interaction between the individual and the internal
environment” So, the personality development is the changing of someone’s
character as an imperfect human in becoming different than before because of
certain influences that come to him or her (1995:8).
In other words, personality development is the process where an individual
becomes different from his or her old characteristics because of making relation
with the family and the society.
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CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL REVIEW
A.
Review of Related Study
There are several studies that have been done previously by the other
researchers on McCullers’s The Member of the Wedding. Nani Arifianti in her
study entitled Frankie’s Identity Formation in her Adolescence (2009:7), states
that The Member of the Wedding is about twelve years old Frankie who fights to
get her true self-concept. Arifianti also says that Frankie changes into F.Jasmine
and F. Jasmine has different characteristics from Frankie’s characteristics. In other
words, the writer says that it is about the multiple behaviors that is undergone by
Frankie during her formation identity since she is in adolescence age.
Regarding to the review on the novel of The Member of the Wedding,
Atsuko Nishiyama in her thesis entitled Hung around in Doorways, states that
“This essay wills briefly the letters group’s appreciation of the heroine as a
tomboy fighting as relation against the compulsory feminist. However, by
relating McCullers own understanding of deviant gender with creation of
her character. Yet another gender-related of heroine becomes possible. It
allows us to see Frances’s waver between genders as her “nature”. The
accounted of Frances and Marry Little John. Who appears at the story?
Will be examined in light of their shared “nature” (1996:112,)
.
From the quotation above, the writer concludes that Atsuko Nishiayama
gives an honor to the McCuller’s work because the work of The Member of the
Wedding gives new inspiration to the girls to make such struggle if they undergo
the situation like what has been portrayed in the novel in order to find their true
self as the way they are. Therefore, this is somehow we need to realize on it.
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There are also other reviews that related to this novel, The Member of the
Wedding and the other works of McCullers, The Heart Is Lonely Hunter. As
Edward Richard Barkowskey, B.A stated in his thesis The Theme of Spiritual
Isolation in the Major Works of Carson McCullers’s prior to 1962 that:
One may isolated himself because he cannot enter successfully into a
social group, as the adolescent Mick Kelly in The Heart is a Lonely Hunter
cannot find a place at her high school. Another may experience rejection
when he fails to make himself understood, as Frankie Addams fails in The
Member of The wedding to make anyone know that she so desperately
needs to belong to her brother’s wedding party. Lacking acceptance, the
must withdraw into a state of spiritual isolation (Barkowskey, 1968:5-6),
.
The writer also would like to say that Barkowskey’s purposes in
combining the two works of McCullers is just to give a comparison of similarities
in both novels about the struggle of the main characters in it. It can be seen from
the way he explains that as the adolescence Mick Kelly in The Heart is a Lonely
Hunter cannot find a place at her high school and as Frankie’s Addams fails in
The Member of the Wedding. He definitely gives a comparison of similarities in
both novels that are sharing the same ideas.
Furthermore, the last review that the writer takes is Melissa Metz in
Freaks, The Grotesque and other sideshow attraction in the fiction of Carson
McCullers. They state that:
“The freak and the grotesque have been examined here in McCullers’s
fiction as she questions the limmets and the possibilities of the body,
juxtaposing the figure of the adolescents with the figures of freak.
McCullers’ fiction is populated by freaks who the imposition of “normal”
categories of gender. It is this intersection of the freak and grotesque with
a gender and sexual anomaly. Especially regarding the body and identity
construction that is ripe for analysis within her fiction” (2008:1),
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Melissa and Metz’s Review on The Member of the wedding that it is only
an imagination of work which concerns to the existence of Frankie. This existence
is just to put down or against the nature of women as being a girl, as it can be seen
from the physical appearance of Frankie in the novel.
Although three reviewers have their own findings and studies on The
Member of The wedding. However, in this undergraduate thesis the writer will
reveal different idea from the above studies due to this study concerns to the study
of personality development of the main character which is most influenced by the
societies in Carson McCullers’ The Member of The Wedding.
B.
Review of Related Theory
There are some theories that are used to analyze the problems in Carson
McCullers’ the Member of the Wedding.
1. Theory on Character and Characterization
The theory on character is used to explain how the main character is
described in the story and what type of the main character is. Theory on the
characterization is used to explain the way to comprehend the characteristics of
the main character.
a. Theory on character
There are many intrinsic elements that can be analyze in a novel, one of
them is character. The characters are described through their behavior, dialogue,
and thoughts. Abrams defines that:
Characters are the person presented on a dramatic or narrative work who
are interpreted by the readers as being endowed with moral and disposition
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quality that are expressed in what they say ( through dialogue), and by
what they do ( through action) ( 1981:20).
Milligan states, “Not all characters play an important role. At least one
character appears to be the center of the story” (1983:155).
Those quotations above show that no matter how many characters are in a
play or novel but at least one of them that will be taken as the core of the
character.
b. Theory on Characterization
M. J. Murphy (1972:161-173) in his book Understanding Unseen: An
Introduction to English Poetry and Novels for Overseas Students describes nine
ways in an author attempt to make his character understandable to and come alive
for reader.
First is personal description. Personal description means that they author
tries to describe the character through his physical appearances. The author can
describe a person’s appearance and clothes and such as his-skin color, his hair or
his face.
Second is character as seen by another. In this way, the author tries to
describe the character through the eyes and opinions of the others. Their
comments and opinions about the character can help the readers can understand
the character.
Third is speech. The author can give the reader insight into the character of
one of the person in the book through what the character says. Whenever a person
is speaking, he is giving the readers some clue to his character
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Fourth way is past life. The author can give the readers a clue that has
helped to shape a person’s character by learning about a person’s past life. This
can be done by direct comment by the author, through the person’s thought,
through the conversation or through the medium of another person.
Fifth is conversation of others. In the way, the writer gives the readers
clues to a person’s character through conversation and things they say about him.
Sixth is reaction. The readers will know a person’s character by seeing
how he reacts to various situation or events.
Seventh is thought. The author gives the readers direct knowledge of what
person is thinking about. In this respect, he is able to do what we cannot do in the
real life. He can tell the reader what different people are thinking. In the novel, we
accept this. The reader then is in privileged position; he has as it were, a secret
listening device plugged in the most thoughts of a person in a novel.
The last is mannerism. The author may describe a person’s mannerism or
habits that may also tell the reader something about his character.
2. Theory on Personality Development
Hurlock (1974:234-352) in Personality Development states that
Human life consists of two aspects, which are individual and social
aspects. For the individual aspect, it is concern with physical changes and
humans personality development. Human personality development itself is
influenced by two factors. First is human’s experience within family. The
second factor is environment.
The quotation above means that there are two elements that influence
one’s personality development, since it talks about individual. The first element is
element which comes from the family and the second element is an element that
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comes from the society. Both of these two elements are the most important
influence on one’s personality development.
a. The Influence of Environment
Besides the influence of family, there is another influence which is called
environment. Hurlock states, “Besides family influence, one personality is also
shaped and influenced by environment in which the individual lives. This means
that people outside the home may have a role to shape one’s personality”
(1974:123).
The quotation above means that the person who surrounds the individual may
influence the individual to behave in a certain personality.
Although, Hurlock says there are two elements that influence individual’s
personality. However, in this study the writer just uses the theory of the influence
of environment.
b. How Environment Influence One’s Personality
Hurlock (1974: 83-84) states that there are two ways of environment
influence toward one’s personality.
i.
Studies of Models
This is done by providing models for the individuals to follow. It may
occur directly or indirectly. The direct way is done by providing the opportunities
for learning the approved pattern of behavior and by preventing the learning of
disapproved pattern of behavior. Indirectly, the environment influence the
individual by setting the models for him to imitate and by making the models
become so prestigious that the individual will want to imitate them.
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ii. Studies of Learning Opportunities
The setting pattern of environment can come from learning the learning
may be inner-directed or outer-directed. In inner-directed learning, the learner
takes “initiatives in putting forth the effort needed to achieve an end result the he
feel valuable to him. While outer-directed learning is instructed by someone else
to motivate the learner to continue his practice until he has mastered the desire
pattern of behavior”.
C. Theoretical Framework
To answer the three questions that stated in the first chapter, the writer
needs several theories to support them. There are three theories that will be used
in this analysis. Firstly, the writer uses the theory on character by M. H. Abrams.
This theory is used to analyze on the main character. Secondly, theory of
characterization by M. J. Murphy is applied to get deeper understanding about the
main character’s characteristics in the novel. Thirdly, the writer uses theory on
personality development by Elizabeth B. Hurlock This theory is used to analyze
the factors that influence the main character’s personality development in question
two. Besides, the writer also uses theory of characterization by M. J. Murphy to
get deeper understanding about the characteristics of the grown girls and Mary
Littlejohn in the novel. Lastly, the writer also uses the theory on personality
development by Elizabeth B. Hurlock to answer the third question.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
A. Object of the Study
The object or data of this study is Carson McCullers’s novel entitled “The
Member of the Wedding”. It is published in 1946 by Houghton Miffin Company in
the United States of America. It is also available in the Penguin Modern Classics.
First publisher is in Penguin Books in 1962. The writer uses the fifth edition
printed in 1972. It consists of 190 pages and is divided into three parts. The first
part consists of one chapter, the second consists of three chapters and the third
parts consists of one chapter.
This novel won the New Work Critics Award in 1950 and was staged at
the Royal Court Theater, London. Carson McCullers was the fellow of the
American Academy of arts and letters. The novel, "The Member of the Wedding"
tells about the life of a girl named Frankie. She is 12 years old. She has a problem
with her physical grow which is big, tall and almost freak. Because of being big
and tall makes her different from people around her.
In the first part of the story, Frankie has no figure of mother when she is
born means she has no mother since she was born. Since the death of her mother,
Berenice takes of her. Berenice is a servant of Mr. Addams who usually works in
the kitchen. Besides that, Frankie’s relationship with her father and her brother
runs not smoothly as one family. Her father and her brother do not give affection
towards her therefore sometimes she feels alone and sad. In relation with the
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13
society, Frankie also has no relation with them because she is too young to be
apart with them. It is because, in the story, the society is described as the unity
people means always being together and have somebody or something to belong
to while Frankie is alone she has no friends even no has things to belong to. These
conditions make Frankie struggle to find her true self in order to be accepted by
the society. In the second part of the story, Frankie begins to make a struggle to
find her true self by trying to join the Red Cross in order to find a group to belong
to them but it fails because they do not accept her. Then, she tries to change her
name from Frankie to F. Jasmine in order to be similar to her brother and the
bride’s name but it fails again as a result she feels alone from the people around
her and sad because she is not included in the world. During her struggle to find
her true self gives several changes on her personality.
In the last part of the story, Frankie finds a group to belong to, she gets a
new happy life because she finds a friend named Mary Littlejohn. Mary Littlejohn
is a friendly person, she accepts the old Frankie as her friend. This relationship
makes the old Frankie turns into a confident person and dependent person.
B. Approach on the Study
In the novel, Frankie undergoes development in her personality. The
development of her personality is caused by the influence of environment. In
order to analyze the main character’s personality development, the writer applied
psychological approach.
David Daiches (1981:329-344) in his book entitled Critical Approaches to
Literature states that
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
14
Psychological relates to a discussion of state of mind out of which literary
creation crises. It comes onto a criticism in two ways, in the investigation
of the act of creation and in the psychological study of the authors to show
that the relation between their attitudes and states of mind and the special
quality of work. Psychological approach can be used to interpret a work
of literature such as behavior of the characters in a novel or a play by
applying psychological theories.
In other words, the quotation above can be interpreted that in term of
literary criticism, psychology is needed to use. It is because psychology is used to
see the characteristics of the characters in a literary work through the actions and
thoughts, it includes the behavior of the author itself so that the author can make a
certain quality in a work.
Based on the understanding of psychological approach above the writer
applies this approach in this study because the writer would like to reveal the main
character’s personality development by using some psychological theories.
C. Method of the Study
This study is a library research because the sources that are used in this
study are written sources. The main source is a novel entitled The Member Of the
`Wedding by Carson McCullers.
The writer also uses some references. Those books are M. H. Abrams A
Glossary of Literary Terms. Ian Milligan’s The novel in English: An Introduction
to English Poetry and the English for Overseas Students. M. J. Murphy’s
Understanding Unseen: An Introduction to English Poetry and the English for
Overseas Students. Elizabeth B. Hurlock’s Personality Development. The writer
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
15
also browses some information from internet in the relation with McCullers’s
work, The Member of the Wedding.
In conducting the analysis, the writer used some ways. The first, found the
novel which is interested in taking as the writer’s undergraduate thesis. Second,
read it for several times after reading then decided the topic, which became as the
title of this study. Third, the writer used the theory on character and
characterization, theory on personality development. Then the writer went straight
to focus on the description of the main character’s personality development. After
that, the writer begun to analyze the changes or developments that are experienced
by Frankie Addams under the environment influence through the personal
description, mannerism, speech, thought and the other intrinsic elements of the
personality that showed the nature of the Frankie Addams and the fourth, the
writer analyses the development of the main character’s personality. In this study,
the writer used psychological approach due to it focuses on Frankie’s personality
development. The last was the conclusion of the study. After answering all the
questions in problem formation, the writer draws a conclusion of the study, which
is a finding of the analysis.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS
This chapter is divided into three parts. The first part, the writer identifies
the description of the main character in the story. The second part, the writer
analyzes the factors that cause the main character’s personality and the last part,
the writer analyzes the process of the personality development of the main
character.
A. The Description of the Main Character in the Story
One of the important elements in the story such as novel is characters. The
characters are described through the story by describing their psychological state
and physical appearance. Not all the characters in the story play an important role.
However, at least one character becomes a center who plays an important role in
the story.
In order to analyze the description of the main character in the story, the
writer uses theory of character by Abrams and theory of characterization by M. J
Murphy in Understanding Unseen. Then, to get reach to the description of the
main character in the story, the writer needs to analyze personal description,
speech, past life, reaction and mannerism.
In this study, the main character who is discussed is Frankie Addams,
Frankie is twelve years old. She lives with her father, Mr. Royal Quincy Addams,
in a town named Front Avenue, in the South part of America. Frankie has no
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
17
mother since she was born. She has a brother named Jarvis Addams and Jarvis has
a bride named Janis. Frankie also has a cousin named John Henry. Since the
death of her mother, Frankie is taken care by Berenice, a servant of Mr. Addams
who usually works in the kitchen.
In the story, the main character is described with multiple personality,
which means she has three names called Frankie, F. Jasmine and Frances in every
parts of the story, and with different characteristics in the story.
1. Frankie Addams
Frankie is described as a big girl. She is tall and almost big, her shoulders
are narrow, she has too long legs boy. The description of Frankie’s appearance is
also shown when she is in the arbour. It can be seen in the text:
Frankie was too tall this summer to walk beneath the arbour as she had
always done before. Other twelve year old people could still walk around
inside give shows and have a good time. Even small grown ladies could
work underneath the arbour. And already Frankie was too big (p 13).
a. Tomboy
Frankie is characterized as a tomboy, It can be seen from the way she
wears and her mannerism, which is defined by M. J. Murphy, as the quotation is
shown: “She wore a pair of blue track short, a B.V.D undervest, and she was
barefooted. Her hair had been cut like a boy, but it has not been cut for a long time
and was not even parted” (p. 9). This quotation shows the side of Frankie’s
tomboy. Her tomboy side can be seen from the clothes she wears. On the other
hand, it also can be seen from her hairstyle “It has been cut like a boy”. From this
evidence, it has shown the tomboy side of Frankie. The other evidences that
shows Frankie’s tomboy can be seen from the following quotation:
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
18
I am the best knife thrower in this town, She said. Berenice who stood
behind her did not speak. If they would have a contest, I would win.
Frankie pooled the knife from the door and laid it on the kitchen table.
Then spat on her palm and rubbed her hands together (p. 45).
The text above means that Frankie can throw the knife in a good way like
the one, which is usually done by the boys. From the evidences that are shown, it
can be concluded that Frankie is a tomboy.
b. Immature
Frankie is also characterized as an immature person. In the story, Frankie
is considered as a girl who is much younger means she is not grown yet. It can be
revealed through her manner and other person speech which is defined by
Murphy’s theory in Understanding Unseen. As it is shown in the text below:
“There was in the neighborhood a clubhouse, and Frankie was not a
member. The members of the club were girls who were thirteen and
fourteen and even fifteen years old. They had parties with boys on
Saturday night. Frankie knew all of the clubs members, and until this
summer, she had been like a younger member of their crowd. But now
they had this club and she was not a member. They had said she was too
young and mean. Sometimes she went around to the alley behind the
clubhouse and she watched and listened to them” (pp. 17-18).
From this quotation, it can be concluded that Frankie is still young, means
she has not grown yet, it can be proved from the grown girls speech towards
Frankie’s existence “they had said she was too young and mean” From this
evidence the writer deduces that Frankie is still immature because she has not
grown yet like the other girl who are thirteen and fourteen years old. Therefore,
Frankie is considered as an immature person.
The other side of Frankie’s immaturity is also seen from her thought and
behavior that are not sensible. Like the quotation below:
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
19
You heard me, F. Jasmine said. I told you I wasn’t coming back here after
the wedding. Berenice said. Fools’ hill. You have a whole lot less of sense
that I was giving you credit for. What makes you think they want to take
you along with them? Two is company and three is crowd. And that is the
main thing about a wedding. Two is company and three is crowd. F.
jasmine always found it hard to argue with a known saying (p. 93).
From the text above can be seen that Frankie wants to go along with her
brother and the bride after they have wedding, because of that she indeed says that
she will not come back home. While the evidence shows that two is company and
three is crowd. It means that Frankie is not allowed to go together with the bride
and the groom. From this proof, it can be seen that Frankie does not understand
the meaning of the wedding therefore her thought and behavior are not sensible,
when she thinks that Jarvis and Janis will take her along with them. Because of
that, she is considered as immature person. From all the evidences above the
writer says that Frankie’s immaturity here is seen from her age that is much
younger than the girls who are thirteen and fourteen, and also is seen from her
thought which is insensible about the wedding.
c. Unsociable
In the story, Frankie is known as unsociable person. It can be seen from
her loneliness.
It happened that green and crazy summer, when Frankie was twelve years
old. This was the summer when for a long time she had not been a
member. She belonged to no club and was a member of nothing in the
world (p. 7).
The quotation above shows that Frankie does not join the activity in the
environment she lives, which is called a club. Besides, she has no body even a
friend to belong to or connect with. Therefore, she is not a member of the club.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
20
She can be called as a lonely person in the world because she does not have
relation with people. It means she does not socialize with the people around her.
Because of that, she is called as unsocial person.
The other evidences of her unsocial characteristic are also seen from her
mannerism that avoids herself from the society. As it is proved in the quotation
“She was in so much secret trouble that she thought it was better to stay at homeand at home there was only Berenice and John Henry West ” (p. 7). This quotation
shows a reclusive personality of Frankie. It can be seen from the way she hides
the problem of being loneliness that she assumes as a big problem for her, here it
can be seen that although she has a problem but she does not share it to the people
around her. Because of having such problem, she decides to stay at home. This
means that she avoids herself from the society. Therefore, she has no activity to
do outside the home, except with John and Berenice in the kitchen. This evidence
can be concluded that Frankie is unsociable person.
d. Dependent
Frankie is characterized as a dependent person. Frankie always does her
daily activity with the help of John Henry and Berenice in the kitchen. One of the
examples of her dependence is seen from her inability to cook for herself. In the
story, she just waits for the meal that Berenice always prepares. It can be proved
by the text “the three of them sat and Berenice dealt the cards for three-hundred
bridges. Berenice has been the cook since Frankie could remember” (p. 9). This
quotation shows that Frankie has a habit of depending to Berenice to make the
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
21
food for her. She just waits for Berenice. Such characteristic can be said that she is
a dependent person.
Her dependence is also seen when she invites John Henry to sleep with her
in the night. It can be shown from the text below:
She was afraid. The evening sky was pale and empty and the light from the
kitchen window made a yellow reflection in the darkening yard.
She run up the back steps and said: I just now invited John Henry to eat
supper and spend the night with me (p. 13).
In other word, it can be said that Frankie cannot sleep alone in the night
because she feels afraid of the darkness. She needs somebody to accompany her.
Such behavior shows that she is a dependent person.
e. Lack of Confidence
Besides that, Frankie is also known as a lack of confidence person. it can
be seen from her speech and, which is defined by M., J Murphy, like in the text
below:
“It seems to me you wish for a lot of things, said Berenice. I wish I was
somebody else except me. So the afternoon before it happened was like the
other August afternoons. Frankie had hung around the kitchen, then
towards dark she had gone out into the yard” (p. 12).
The quotation above display that Frankie lacks of confidence.It can be
seen from her speech that “I wish I was somebody else except me” This utterance
shows that Frankie does not sure with herself or her existence. It means she dislike
all things about herself therefore she wishes to be somebody else except being as
herself. Because of being as a lack of confidence person, Frankie also avoids
herself from people. She does not have any relation with anybody outside home,
except she just hangs around the kitchen and goes to the yard when it is night.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
22
This evidence shows that Frankie lacks confidence therefore she wishes to be
somebody and she avoids herself from people.
2. F. Jasmine
In the second part of the story, Frankie Addams changes her name
becomes F. Jasmine. McCullers describes F. Jasmine with different characteristic
from the old Frankie’s.
a.
Feminine
F. Jasmine is characterized as a feminine. It can be seen through her
appearance. She is not like the old Frankie who is tomboy,as it is shown in the
text “She dressed carefully that morning in her most grown and best, the pink
organdie and put on lipstick and sweet serenade” (p. 61). This quotation can be
seen that there is a change on Frankie’s appearances now. In this case, her
appearance now is feminine. The changing on Frankie’s appearance can be seen
from the dress that she wears, it is a pink dress. Meanwhile, it also can be seen
from her lips, she uses on lipstick. From the clothes that she wears and lipstick
that she uses are the means that are usually used by the person who is considered
as girl. From all of these evidences, the writer concludes that Frankie is a feminine
person.
b. More-Mature
She acts like a mature person that is why she is more mature now. The
maturity here refers to her behaviors and speech in a sensible way like a grown
girl. One of the evidences is noticed from the way she speaks about Uncle
Charles. She said, “at one time Uncle Charles was a leading citizen it will be a
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
23
loss to whole country” (p. 78). This utterance is usually spoken by the adult
people, but Frankie can come up such utterance. This means that Frankie’s
utterance is more mature than her age now. Because of that, she is more mature.
F. Jasmine’s maturity also
A STUDY OF THE PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT OF THE
MAIN CHARACTER IN CARSON MCCULLERS’ THE
MEMBER OF THE WEDDING
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the degree of Sarjana Sastra
in English Letters
By
ENGRACIA TRINDADE
Student Number: 084214075
ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS
FACULTY OF LETTERS
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2012
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
A STUDY OF THE PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT OF THE
MAIN CHARACTER IN CARSON MCCULLERS’ THE
MEMBER OF THE WEDDING
AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS
Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the degree of Sarjana Sastra
in English Letters
By
ENGRACIA TRINDADE
Student Number: 084214075
ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS
FACULTY OF LETTERS
SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
YOGYAKARTA
2012
i
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
ii
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
iii
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH
UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS
Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma:
Nama
: EngraciaTrindade
NomorMahasiswa
: 084214075
Demi kepentingan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan
Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul:
The Study of the Personality Development of the Main Character in Carson
McCullers’ The Member of the Wedding
Besertaperangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada).Dengan demikian saya memberikan
kepada Perpustakan Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan ,mengalihkan dalam
bentuk media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya
maupun memberikan royalty kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya
sebagai penulis.
Demikian pernyataan ini yang saya buat dengan sebenarnya.
Dibuat di Yogyakarta.
Pada tanggal: 30 November , 2012
Yang menyatakan,
( Engracia Trindade )
iv
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Only God knows why..............
[Kid Rock]
I dedicate this undergraduate thesis to
My beloved parents
My nine sisters and brothers
My beloved Family
All of my friends
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I would like to thank my lord Jesus for all His blessing in every
single moment of my life. The precious think that I have in my life is my lord that
always leads me to find His way.
My greatest gratitude goes to my advisor Ni Luh Putu Rosiandani, S.S., M.
Hum for her advice, idea, support, and patience in reading and guiding my
undergraduate thesis writing. I appreciate her willingness to share her knowledge
with me to finish this thesis. I would like to thank my co-advisor Dra. A. B. Sri
Mulyani M.A., Ph. D. I also would like to thank my academic advisor Linda
Valentina Budiman. S.S., M.A. for her guidance along my study in English
Letters Department.
I also would like to give my appreciation to all lectures in English Letters
Department at Sanata Dharma University, to Mbak Ninik in the secretariat and
also library staffs for their assistance during my study.
My sweetest gratitude goes to my beloved parents, my father, Candido
Soares da Cruz and my mother Elisa Trindade for their love, prayers and patience
to guide me. I would like to thank my beloved uncle Josh Trindade, and Papa Tom
(Mr. Hyland) for their support and help. I would like to thank my nine beloved
sisters and brothers for their love and prayers. I would like to thank my darling
Marciano Dos Santos Amaral for his support, help, and prayer. I also thank my
friend Dame Napitupulu for her support and help during academic years. I would
like to thank all my cousins for their support and help specially for Betekai. I
vi
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
thank all my friends in my boarding house Dina, Noi, Ania, bin Eda for their
support.
For those whom I cannot mention his or her name one by one, you are
always in my heart and my mind. I thank them for making my life more
meaningful. Jesus always blesses you all.
Engracia Trindade
vii
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STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY
I honestly declare that this thesis, which I have written, does not contain the work
or parts of the work of other people, except those cited in the quotations and
references, as a scientific paper should.
Yogyakarta, November 30, 2012
Engracia Trindade
viii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………….......
i
APPROVAL PAGE…………………………………………………..
ii
ACCEPTANCE PAGE ………………………………………………. iii
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI …………... iv
MOTTO PAGE………………………………………………………..
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………..
vi
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY………………………………….. viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………..
ix
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………….......
x
ABSTRAK………………………………………………………... …..
xi i
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION……………………………….. …..
A. Background of the Study……………………………………….
B. Problem Formulation………………………………................
C. Objective of the Study …………………………………….........
D. Definition of Term……………………………………………..
1
1
4
4
4
CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW…………………………
A. Review of Related Study…………………………………. ….
B. Review of Related Theories……………………………….. ….
1. Theory on Character and Characterization………..................
2. Theory on Personality Development…………………………..
C. Theoretical Framework ……………………………………. ….
5
5
7
7
9
11
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY…………………………………
A. Object of the Study…………………………………………….
B. Approach of the Study…………………………………………
C. Method of the Study……………………………………..... …..
12
12
13
14
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS…………………………………………..
A. The Description of the Main Character’s in the story …………
B. The Factors that Influence the Main Character’s Personality
Development ……………………………………………………
C. The Main Character’s Personality Development ……………….
16
16
26
31
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION………………………………………..
45
BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………
49
APPENDIX……………………………………………………………..
51
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ABSTRACT
ENGRACIA TRINDADE, A Study of the Personality Development of the
Main character inCarson McCullers’s The Member Of The Wedding.
Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma
University, 2012.
This undergraduate thesis discuses Carson McCullers’s The Member Of
The Wedding. This novel tells about Frankie’s struggle to find her identity in her
adolescent time. Through Frankie’s struggle, the writer wants to study Frankie’s
personality development whichis influenced by her environment.
There are three questions concerning Frankie’s personality development.
The first question is about how is the main character described in the story.The
second question is about what are the factors that influence the main character’s
personality development and the third question is about how is the main
character’s personality developed.
In analyzing the data, the writer uses library research to collect data related
to the topic of the study. The writer applies theory on character, theory on
characterization , theory on personality development. Those relevant theories are
used to analyze the novel. The approach that is used in this study is psychological
approach because that is the appropriate approach to study personality.
In the analysis, it is found that the main character has three names that
havedifferent characteristic to each other. It starts from Frankie Addams, to F.
Jasmine then finally is Frances. Frankie Addams is the first figure in the novel.
She is a tomboy, immature, unsociable, dependent, andlack of confidence person.
These personalities are considered as the first form of the main character’s
personality in the novel. While F. Jasmine isthe second figure. She isa feminine,
more-mature and sociable person. These personalities are considered as the first
form personalitydevelopment thatareinfluenced by the grown girls. Furthermore,
Frances is the last figure. She isanindependent person and a confident person.
These two personalities are considered as the second personality development of
the main character after the influence of Mary Littlejohn. In the story, there are
two significant people that outside the home influence the main character’s
personality, such as the grown girls and Mary Littlejohn. The grown girls are
grown people, feminine and sociable person. Their behavior shaped Frankie’s first
personality development and Mary is a friendly, independent, and confident
person. Her behavior shaped Frankie’s second personality. Finally, it can be seen
that the main character personality develops because of the influence of people
outside the home. The people outside the home influence the main character’s
personality by giving the models to the main character to imitate direct and
indirect way. The people outside the home influence the main character’s
personality from tomboy person into feminine person, from immature to more-
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mature person, from unsociable person to sociable person and from dependent
person into independent person. She also changes from lack of confidence person
to confident person.
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ABSTRAK
ENGRACIA TRINDADE. A Study of Personality Development of the Main
character in Carson McCullers’s The Member Of The wedding.
Yogyakarta: Jurusan Satra Inggris, Fakultas Satra, Universitas Sanata Dharma
2012.
Skripsi ini mendiskusikan novel berjudul The Member Of The Wedding
karya Carson McCullers. Novel ini bercerita tentang perjuangan Frankie untuk
memperoleh identitasnya yang sebenarnya ketika dia dalam masa
remajanya.Melaluiperjuangan Frankie, penulis ingin mempelajari perkembanga
nkepribadian Frankie yang dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan.
Dalam skripsi ini terdapat tiga pertanyaan yang berkaitan dengan
perkembangan kepribadian tokoh utama.Pertanyaan pertama yaitu tentang
bagaimana diskripsi tokoh utama dalam cerita. Pertanyaan kedua yaitu tentang
faktor-faktor apa yang mempengaruhi perkembangan kepribadian tokoh utama.
Pertanyaan yang ketiga yaitu tentang bagaimana kepribadian tokoh utama itu
berkembang.
Dalam menganalisa data, penulis menggunaka nmetode penelitian pustaka
untuk menggumpulkan data yang berkaitan dengan topic dari penelitian ini.
Penulis mengaplikasikan teori karakter, teori karakteristik, teori-teori
perkembangan kepribadian.Teori-teori yang sesuai tersebut digunakan untuk
menganalisa novel.Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah
pendekatan psikolgi karena pendekatan ini sesuai untuk mempelajari tentang
kepribadian.
Di dalam analisa, ditemukan bahwa tokoh utama mempunyai tiga nama
yang berbeda karakteristik antara satu sama yang lain. Mulai dari Frankie Addams
ke F. jasmine dan akhirnya adalah Frances. Frankie Addams adalah figure
pertama dalam novel. Dia adalah orang yang bersifa tkelakian, tidak dewasa, tidak
bisa bersosial, tidak mandiri dan orang yang kurang percaya diri.Kepribadiankepribadian ini dianggap sebagai bentuk pertama kepribadian tokoh utama dalam
novel.Sedangkan, F.Jasmine adalah figure kedua.Dia bersifat keperempuaan, lebih
dewasa dan orang yang bisa bersosial.Kepribadian-kepribadian ini dianggap
sebagai bentuk pertama perkembangan kepribadian tookh utama yang dipengaruh
oleh para perempuan dewasa.Selanjutnya, Frances adalah figure terakhir. Dia
adalah orang yang bersifat mandiri dan percaya diri.Dua kepribadian ini
merupakan bentuk perkembangan kepribadian kedua dari tokoh utama setelah
pengaruh dari Mary Littlejohn. Dalam cerita, ada dua orang penting di luar rumah
yang mempengaruhi kepribadian tokoh utama, seperti para wanita dewasa dan
Mary Littlejohn.Para wanita dewasa adalah orang yang bersifat dewasa,
keperampuaan dan orang yang bisa bersosial. Perbuatan mereka membentuk
perkembangan kepribadian pertama tokoh utama, Mary adalah seorang yang
ramah tamah, mandiri dan percayadiri.Perbuatannya membentuk perkembangan
kepribadian kedua tokoh utama.Pada akhirnya dapat dilihat bahwa kepribadian
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tokoh utama berkembang karena pengaruh dari orang-orang di luar rumah. Orangorang di luar rumah mempengaruh kepribadian tokoh utama dengan memberikan
contoh-contoh pada tokoh utama untuk meniru dengan cara secara langsung dan
tidak langsung. Orang-orang di luar rumah mempengaruhi kepribadian tokoh
utama dari orang besifat kelaki-lakian menjadi orang yang bersifat keperempuaan,
dari seorang tidak dewasa menjadi lebih dewasa, dari seorang tidak bersosial
menjadi orang yang bisa bersosial, dari orang yang tidak mandiri menjadi mandiri,
tokoh utama juga berubah dari orang yang kurang percaya diri menjadi percaya
diri.
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Human beings in nature experience development since he or she is shaped
as an individual in the world. One of development is on his or her personality.
Studying about individual’s personality development is dealing with a process of
how an individual behaves, thinks, reacts and responds towards other people,
himself or herself since in the beginning of his or her life until he or she dies.
Development on individual’s personality does not occur by its self. Many aspects
can influence the development of the individual’s personality.
Besides family’s influence, one personality is also shaped and influenced
by the environment in which the individual live. The children with whom
they associate might influence the social attitude and behavior of children
(Hurlock, 1974: 234).
Regarding to it, there are two main aspects that influence individual’s
personality development. The first aspect is the individual’s experiences with the
family inside the home or it is called internal aspect, and the second aspect is the
individual’s experiences with the society outside the home or it is called external
aspect. Moreover, Hurlock adds
Adult outside the home may also affect young children’s social attitude
and behavior. When the children with people older than them, they will
strive to keep up with them, and by doing so, develop more patterns of
behavior then their age much (1974:234).
The two quotations above are strong proof that show the individual’s
personality will develop based on the influence of
both aspects family and
society. The main character in the novel that the writer takes in this study also
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undergoes such development. However, this study is focused on the personality
development, which is influenced by the society.
Literary works such as novel, short story, drama, poem and other works of
literature, can reveal such human behavior development. People will be
automatically aware about the values of life and its problems when he or she reads
literary works.
“People who read literary works, can learn not only literary itself but also
about social issue of human life.” (Perrine, 1974:3). From the quotation, it can be
seen that by learning literary works people will get advantage in improving their
knowledge. Concerning the human’s personality development in literary works
the writer figures out that McCullers’s novel, The Member of the Wedding also
has such issues. Therefore, in this study, the writer tries to examine and analyze
the personality development of the main character as seen in Carson McCullers’s
The Member of the Wedding.
The Member of the Wedding is one of literary works which themes about
adolescence’s life. The story is about an adolescence named Frankie who changes
her identity in order to be accepted by the society, because she confused about in
which group and society she belongs to.
McCullers describes this story clearly. The author of this novel tries to tell
the readers how Frankie feels to be in the phase that she is not included in the
society. She also describes Frankie’s uninteresting physical appearance that
prevents her from teenage social life. This description allows the readers to
examine and explore Frankie’s judgment towards people around her. Besides,
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McCullers also pictures the changes of F. Jasmine’s personality and Frances’s
Personality through the personality of Frankie.
Therefore, the issues above make the writer interested in examining the
personality development of the main character as seen in Carson McCullers, The
Member of the Wedding. The writer wants to explore more deepely about
Frankie’s personality development from the beginning until the end of the story.
B. Problem Formulation.
From the explanation above, there are three questions that can be
formulated as follow:
1.
How is the main character described in the story?
2.
What are the factors that influence the main character’s personality
development?
3.
How is the main character’s personality developed?
C. The Objective of the Study
After identifying the problem, the writer goes directly to the objective of
this research. It will be based on the number of the questions in the problem
formulation, which is already settled previously. The first objective is that the
writer would like to observe closely to the characteristics of the main character.
This is done because the writer needs to examine it in the story so that it can help
the writer to understand and figures out the characteristics of the main character.
The second objective is that the writer would like to know what factors that
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influence the main character’s personality development. The last objective is to
understand the development of the main character’s personality.
D. Definition of Term
In this part of study, the writer would like to explain the use of term in this
undergraduate thesis in order to avoid misunderstanding.
1. Personality Development
According to Kalish in The Psychology of Human Behavior, Personality is
defined as the dynamic organization of the characteristic attitudes leading to
behavior and distinguishing one individual from other individual. It refers to the
total individual, and includes needs, motives, and methods of adjusting,
temperament qualities, self-concept, role behaviors, attitudes, values and abilities
(1971:52).
According to Lemme, development is “ the systematic changes in behavior
over time that result from the interaction between the individual and the internal
environment” So, the personality development is the changing of someone’s
character as an imperfect human in becoming different than before because of
certain influences that come to him or her (1995:8).
In other words, personality development is the process where an individual
becomes different from his or her old characteristics because of making relation
with the family and the society.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL REVIEW
A.
Review of Related Study
There are several studies that have been done previously by the other
researchers on McCullers’s The Member of the Wedding. Nani Arifianti in her
study entitled Frankie’s Identity Formation in her Adolescence (2009:7), states
that The Member of the Wedding is about twelve years old Frankie who fights to
get her true self-concept. Arifianti also says that Frankie changes into F.Jasmine
and F. Jasmine has different characteristics from Frankie’s characteristics. In other
words, the writer says that it is about the multiple behaviors that is undergone by
Frankie during her formation identity since she is in adolescence age.
Regarding to the review on the novel of The Member of the Wedding,
Atsuko Nishiyama in her thesis entitled Hung around in Doorways, states that
“This essay wills briefly the letters group’s appreciation of the heroine as a
tomboy fighting as relation against the compulsory feminist. However, by
relating McCullers own understanding of deviant gender with creation of
her character. Yet another gender-related of heroine becomes possible. It
allows us to see Frances’s waver between genders as her “nature”. The
accounted of Frances and Marry Little John. Who appears at the story?
Will be examined in light of their shared “nature” (1996:112,)
.
From the quotation above, the writer concludes that Atsuko Nishiayama
gives an honor to the McCuller’s work because the work of The Member of the
Wedding gives new inspiration to the girls to make such struggle if they undergo
the situation like what has been portrayed in the novel in order to find their true
self as the way they are. Therefore, this is somehow we need to realize on it.
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There are also other reviews that related to this novel, The Member of the
Wedding and the other works of McCullers, The Heart Is Lonely Hunter. As
Edward Richard Barkowskey, B.A stated in his thesis The Theme of Spiritual
Isolation in the Major Works of Carson McCullers’s prior to 1962 that:
One may isolated himself because he cannot enter successfully into a
social group, as the adolescent Mick Kelly in The Heart is a Lonely Hunter
cannot find a place at her high school. Another may experience rejection
when he fails to make himself understood, as Frankie Addams fails in The
Member of The wedding to make anyone know that she so desperately
needs to belong to her brother’s wedding party. Lacking acceptance, the
must withdraw into a state of spiritual isolation (Barkowskey, 1968:5-6),
.
The writer also would like to say that Barkowskey’s purposes in
combining the two works of McCullers is just to give a comparison of similarities
in both novels about the struggle of the main characters in it. It can be seen from
the way he explains that as the adolescence Mick Kelly in The Heart is a Lonely
Hunter cannot find a place at her high school and as Frankie’s Addams fails in
The Member of the Wedding. He definitely gives a comparison of similarities in
both novels that are sharing the same ideas.
Furthermore, the last review that the writer takes is Melissa Metz in
Freaks, The Grotesque and other sideshow attraction in the fiction of Carson
McCullers. They state that:
“The freak and the grotesque have been examined here in McCullers’s
fiction as she questions the limmets and the possibilities of the body,
juxtaposing the figure of the adolescents with the figures of freak.
McCullers’ fiction is populated by freaks who the imposition of “normal”
categories of gender. It is this intersection of the freak and grotesque with
a gender and sexual anomaly. Especially regarding the body and identity
construction that is ripe for analysis within her fiction” (2008:1),
.
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Melissa and Metz’s Review on The Member of the wedding that it is only
an imagination of work which concerns to the existence of Frankie. This existence
is just to put down or against the nature of women as being a girl, as it can be seen
from the physical appearance of Frankie in the novel.
Although three reviewers have their own findings and studies on The
Member of The wedding. However, in this undergraduate thesis the writer will
reveal different idea from the above studies due to this study concerns to the study
of personality development of the main character which is most influenced by the
societies in Carson McCullers’ The Member of The Wedding.
B.
Review of Related Theory
There are some theories that are used to analyze the problems in Carson
McCullers’ the Member of the Wedding.
1. Theory on Character and Characterization
The theory on character is used to explain how the main character is
described in the story and what type of the main character is. Theory on the
characterization is used to explain the way to comprehend the characteristics of
the main character.
a. Theory on character
There are many intrinsic elements that can be analyze in a novel, one of
them is character. The characters are described through their behavior, dialogue,
and thoughts. Abrams defines that:
Characters are the person presented on a dramatic or narrative work who
are interpreted by the readers as being endowed with moral and disposition
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8
quality that are expressed in what they say ( through dialogue), and by
what they do ( through action) ( 1981:20).
Milligan states, “Not all characters play an important role. At least one
character appears to be the center of the story” (1983:155).
Those quotations above show that no matter how many characters are in a
play or novel but at least one of them that will be taken as the core of the
character.
b. Theory on Characterization
M. J. Murphy (1972:161-173) in his book Understanding Unseen: An
Introduction to English Poetry and Novels for Overseas Students describes nine
ways in an author attempt to make his character understandable to and come alive
for reader.
First is personal description. Personal description means that they author
tries to describe the character through his physical appearances. The author can
describe a person’s appearance and clothes and such as his-skin color, his hair or
his face.
Second is character as seen by another. In this way, the author tries to
describe the character through the eyes and opinions of the others. Their
comments and opinions about the character can help the readers can understand
the character.
Third is speech. The author can give the reader insight into the character of
one of the person in the book through what the character says. Whenever a person
is speaking, he is giving the readers some clue to his character
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Fourth way is past life. The author can give the readers a clue that has
helped to shape a person’s character by learning about a person’s past life. This
can be done by direct comment by the author, through the person’s thought,
through the conversation or through the medium of another person.
Fifth is conversation of others. In the way, the writer gives the readers
clues to a person’s character through conversation and things they say about him.
Sixth is reaction. The readers will know a person’s character by seeing
how he reacts to various situation or events.
Seventh is thought. The author gives the readers direct knowledge of what
person is thinking about. In this respect, he is able to do what we cannot do in the
real life. He can tell the reader what different people are thinking. In the novel, we
accept this. The reader then is in privileged position; he has as it were, a secret
listening device plugged in the most thoughts of a person in a novel.
The last is mannerism. The author may describe a person’s mannerism or
habits that may also tell the reader something about his character.
2. Theory on Personality Development
Hurlock (1974:234-352) in Personality Development states that
Human life consists of two aspects, which are individual and social
aspects. For the individual aspect, it is concern with physical changes and
humans personality development. Human personality development itself is
influenced by two factors. First is human’s experience within family. The
second factor is environment.
The quotation above means that there are two elements that influence
one’s personality development, since it talks about individual. The first element is
element which comes from the family and the second element is an element that
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comes from the society. Both of these two elements are the most important
influence on one’s personality development.
a. The Influence of Environment
Besides the influence of family, there is another influence which is called
environment. Hurlock states, “Besides family influence, one personality is also
shaped and influenced by environment in which the individual lives. This means
that people outside the home may have a role to shape one’s personality”
(1974:123).
The quotation above means that the person who surrounds the individual may
influence the individual to behave in a certain personality.
Although, Hurlock says there are two elements that influence individual’s
personality. However, in this study the writer just uses the theory of the influence
of environment.
b. How Environment Influence One’s Personality
Hurlock (1974: 83-84) states that there are two ways of environment
influence toward one’s personality.
i.
Studies of Models
This is done by providing models for the individuals to follow. It may
occur directly or indirectly. The direct way is done by providing the opportunities
for learning the approved pattern of behavior and by preventing the learning of
disapproved pattern of behavior. Indirectly, the environment influence the
individual by setting the models for him to imitate and by making the models
become so prestigious that the individual will want to imitate them.
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ii. Studies of Learning Opportunities
The setting pattern of environment can come from learning the learning
may be inner-directed or outer-directed. In inner-directed learning, the learner
takes “initiatives in putting forth the effort needed to achieve an end result the he
feel valuable to him. While outer-directed learning is instructed by someone else
to motivate the learner to continue his practice until he has mastered the desire
pattern of behavior”.
C. Theoretical Framework
To answer the three questions that stated in the first chapter, the writer
needs several theories to support them. There are three theories that will be used
in this analysis. Firstly, the writer uses the theory on character by M. H. Abrams.
This theory is used to analyze on the main character. Secondly, theory of
characterization by M. J. Murphy is applied to get deeper understanding about the
main character’s characteristics in the novel. Thirdly, the writer uses theory on
personality development by Elizabeth B. Hurlock This theory is used to analyze
the factors that influence the main character’s personality development in question
two. Besides, the writer also uses theory of characterization by M. J. Murphy to
get deeper understanding about the characteristics of the grown girls and Mary
Littlejohn in the novel. Lastly, the writer also uses the theory on personality
development by Elizabeth B. Hurlock to answer the third question.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
A. Object of the Study
The object or data of this study is Carson McCullers’s novel entitled “The
Member of the Wedding”. It is published in 1946 by Houghton Miffin Company in
the United States of America. It is also available in the Penguin Modern Classics.
First publisher is in Penguin Books in 1962. The writer uses the fifth edition
printed in 1972. It consists of 190 pages and is divided into three parts. The first
part consists of one chapter, the second consists of three chapters and the third
parts consists of one chapter.
This novel won the New Work Critics Award in 1950 and was staged at
the Royal Court Theater, London. Carson McCullers was the fellow of the
American Academy of arts and letters. The novel, "The Member of the Wedding"
tells about the life of a girl named Frankie. She is 12 years old. She has a problem
with her physical grow which is big, tall and almost freak. Because of being big
and tall makes her different from people around her.
In the first part of the story, Frankie has no figure of mother when she is
born means she has no mother since she was born. Since the death of her mother,
Berenice takes of her. Berenice is a servant of Mr. Addams who usually works in
the kitchen. Besides that, Frankie’s relationship with her father and her brother
runs not smoothly as one family. Her father and her brother do not give affection
towards her therefore sometimes she feels alone and sad. In relation with the
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society, Frankie also has no relation with them because she is too young to be
apart with them. It is because, in the story, the society is described as the unity
people means always being together and have somebody or something to belong
to while Frankie is alone she has no friends even no has things to belong to. These
conditions make Frankie struggle to find her true self in order to be accepted by
the society. In the second part of the story, Frankie begins to make a struggle to
find her true self by trying to join the Red Cross in order to find a group to belong
to them but it fails because they do not accept her. Then, she tries to change her
name from Frankie to F. Jasmine in order to be similar to her brother and the
bride’s name but it fails again as a result she feels alone from the people around
her and sad because she is not included in the world. During her struggle to find
her true self gives several changes on her personality.
In the last part of the story, Frankie finds a group to belong to, she gets a
new happy life because she finds a friend named Mary Littlejohn. Mary Littlejohn
is a friendly person, she accepts the old Frankie as her friend. This relationship
makes the old Frankie turns into a confident person and dependent person.
B. Approach on the Study
In the novel, Frankie undergoes development in her personality. The
development of her personality is caused by the influence of environment. In
order to analyze the main character’s personality development, the writer applied
psychological approach.
David Daiches (1981:329-344) in his book entitled Critical Approaches to
Literature states that
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Psychological relates to a discussion of state of mind out of which literary
creation crises. It comes onto a criticism in two ways, in the investigation
of the act of creation and in the psychological study of the authors to show
that the relation between their attitudes and states of mind and the special
quality of work. Psychological approach can be used to interpret a work
of literature such as behavior of the characters in a novel or a play by
applying psychological theories.
In other words, the quotation above can be interpreted that in term of
literary criticism, psychology is needed to use. It is because psychology is used to
see the characteristics of the characters in a literary work through the actions and
thoughts, it includes the behavior of the author itself so that the author can make a
certain quality in a work.
Based on the understanding of psychological approach above the writer
applies this approach in this study because the writer would like to reveal the main
character’s personality development by using some psychological theories.
C. Method of the Study
This study is a library research because the sources that are used in this
study are written sources. The main source is a novel entitled The Member Of the
`Wedding by Carson McCullers.
The writer also uses some references. Those books are M. H. Abrams A
Glossary of Literary Terms. Ian Milligan’s The novel in English: An Introduction
to English Poetry and the English for Overseas Students. M. J. Murphy’s
Understanding Unseen: An Introduction to English Poetry and the English for
Overseas Students. Elizabeth B. Hurlock’s Personality Development. The writer
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also browses some information from internet in the relation with McCullers’s
work, The Member of the Wedding.
In conducting the analysis, the writer used some ways. The first, found the
novel which is interested in taking as the writer’s undergraduate thesis. Second,
read it for several times after reading then decided the topic, which became as the
title of this study. Third, the writer used the theory on character and
characterization, theory on personality development. Then the writer went straight
to focus on the description of the main character’s personality development. After
that, the writer begun to analyze the changes or developments that are experienced
by Frankie Addams under the environment influence through the personal
description, mannerism, speech, thought and the other intrinsic elements of the
personality that showed the nature of the Frankie Addams and the fourth, the
writer analyses the development of the main character’s personality. In this study,
the writer used psychological approach due to it focuses on Frankie’s personality
development. The last was the conclusion of the study. After answering all the
questions in problem formation, the writer draws a conclusion of the study, which
is a finding of the analysis.
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS
This chapter is divided into three parts. The first part, the writer identifies
the description of the main character in the story. The second part, the writer
analyzes the factors that cause the main character’s personality and the last part,
the writer analyzes the process of the personality development of the main
character.
A. The Description of the Main Character in the Story
One of the important elements in the story such as novel is characters. The
characters are described through the story by describing their psychological state
and physical appearance. Not all the characters in the story play an important role.
However, at least one character becomes a center who plays an important role in
the story.
In order to analyze the description of the main character in the story, the
writer uses theory of character by Abrams and theory of characterization by M. J
Murphy in Understanding Unseen. Then, to get reach to the description of the
main character in the story, the writer needs to analyze personal description,
speech, past life, reaction and mannerism.
In this study, the main character who is discussed is Frankie Addams,
Frankie is twelve years old. She lives with her father, Mr. Royal Quincy Addams,
in a town named Front Avenue, in the South part of America. Frankie has no
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mother since she was born. She has a brother named Jarvis Addams and Jarvis has
a bride named Janis. Frankie also has a cousin named John Henry. Since the
death of her mother, Frankie is taken care by Berenice, a servant of Mr. Addams
who usually works in the kitchen.
In the story, the main character is described with multiple personality,
which means she has three names called Frankie, F. Jasmine and Frances in every
parts of the story, and with different characteristics in the story.
1. Frankie Addams
Frankie is described as a big girl. She is tall and almost big, her shoulders
are narrow, she has too long legs boy. The description of Frankie’s appearance is
also shown when she is in the arbour. It can be seen in the text:
Frankie was too tall this summer to walk beneath the arbour as she had
always done before. Other twelve year old people could still walk around
inside give shows and have a good time. Even small grown ladies could
work underneath the arbour. And already Frankie was too big (p 13).
a. Tomboy
Frankie is characterized as a tomboy, It can be seen from the way she
wears and her mannerism, which is defined by M. J. Murphy, as the quotation is
shown: “She wore a pair of blue track short, a B.V.D undervest, and she was
barefooted. Her hair had been cut like a boy, but it has not been cut for a long time
and was not even parted” (p. 9). This quotation shows the side of Frankie’s
tomboy. Her tomboy side can be seen from the clothes she wears. On the other
hand, it also can be seen from her hairstyle “It has been cut like a boy”. From this
evidence, it has shown the tomboy side of Frankie. The other evidences that
shows Frankie’s tomboy can be seen from the following quotation:
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I am the best knife thrower in this town, She said. Berenice who stood
behind her did not speak. If they would have a contest, I would win.
Frankie pooled the knife from the door and laid it on the kitchen table.
Then spat on her palm and rubbed her hands together (p. 45).
The text above means that Frankie can throw the knife in a good way like
the one, which is usually done by the boys. From the evidences that are shown, it
can be concluded that Frankie is a tomboy.
b. Immature
Frankie is also characterized as an immature person. In the story, Frankie
is considered as a girl who is much younger means she is not grown yet. It can be
revealed through her manner and other person speech which is defined by
Murphy’s theory in Understanding Unseen. As it is shown in the text below:
“There was in the neighborhood a clubhouse, and Frankie was not a
member. The members of the club were girls who were thirteen and
fourteen and even fifteen years old. They had parties with boys on
Saturday night. Frankie knew all of the clubs members, and until this
summer, she had been like a younger member of their crowd. But now
they had this club and she was not a member. They had said she was too
young and mean. Sometimes she went around to the alley behind the
clubhouse and she watched and listened to them” (pp. 17-18).
From this quotation, it can be concluded that Frankie is still young, means
she has not grown yet, it can be proved from the grown girls speech towards
Frankie’s existence “they had said she was too young and mean” From this
evidence the writer deduces that Frankie is still immature because she has not
grown yet like the other girl who are thirteen and fourteen years old. Therefore,
Frankie is considered as an immature person.
The other side of Frankie’s immaturity is also seen from her thought and
behavior that are not sensible. Like the quotation below:
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You heard me, F. Jasmine said. I told you I wasn’t coming back here after
the wedding. Berenice said. Fools’ hill. You have a whole lot less of sense
that I was giving you credit for. What makes you think they want to take
you along with them? Two is company and three is crowd. And that is the
main thing about a wedding. Two is company and three is crowd. F.
jasmine always found it hard to argue with a known saying (p. 93).
From the text above can be seen that Frankie wants to go along with her
brother and the bride after they have wedding, because of that she indeed says that
she will not come back home. While the evidence shows that two is company and
three is crowd. It means that Frankie is not allowed to go together with the bride
and the groom. From this proof, it can be seen that Frankie does not understand
the meaning of the wedding therefore her thought and behavior are not sensible,
when she thinks that Jarvis and Janis will take her along with them. Because of
that, she is considered as immature person. From all the evidences above the
writer says that Frankie’s immaturity here is seen from her age that is much
younger than the girls who are thirteen and fourteen, and also is seen from her
thought which is insensible about the wedding.
c. Unsociable
In the story, Frankie is known as unsociable person. It can be seen from
her loneliness.
It happened that green and crazy summer, when Frankie was twelve years
old. This was the summer when for a long time she had not been a
member. She belonged to no club and was a member of nothing in the
world (p. 7).
The quotation above shows that Frankie does not join the activity in the
environment she lives, which is called a club. Besides, she has no body even a
friend to belong to or connect with. Therefore, she is not a member of the club.
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She can be called as a lonely person in the world because she does not have
relation with people. It means she does not socialize with the people around her.
Because of that, she is called as unsocial person.
The other evidences of her unsocial characteristic are also seen from her
mannerism that avoids herself from the society. As it is proved in the quotation
“She was in so much secret trouble that she thought it was better to stay at homeand at home there was only Berenice and John Henry West ” (p. 7). This quotation
shows a reclusive personality of Frankie. It can be seen from the way she hides
the problem of being loneliness that she assumes as a big problem for her, here it
can be seen that although she has a problem but she does not share it to the people
around her. Because of having such problem, she decides to stay at home. This
means that she avoids herself from the society. Therefore, she has no activity to
do outside the home, except with John and Berenice in the kitchen. This evidence
can be concluded that Frankie is unsociable person.
d. Dependent
Frankie is characterized as a dependent person. Frankie always does her
daily activity with the help of John Henry and Berenice in the kitchen. One of the
examples of her dependence is seen from her inability to cook for herself. In the
story, she just waits for the meal that Berenice always prepares. It can be proved
by the text “the three of them sat and Berenice dealt the cards for three-hundred
bridges. Berenice has been the cook since Frankie could remember” (p. 9). This
quotation shows that Frankie has a habit of depending to Berenice to make the
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food for her. She just waits for Berenice. Such characteristic can be said that she is
a dependent person.
Her dependence is also seen when she invites John Henry to sleep with her
in the night. It can be shown from the text below:
She was afraid. The evening sky was pale and empty and the light from the
kitchen window made a yellow reflection in the darkening yard.
She run up the back steps and said: I just now invited John Henry to eat
supper and spend the night with me (p. 13).
In other word, it can be said that Frankie cannot sleep alone in the night
because she feels afraid of the darkness. She needs somebody to accompany her.
Such behavior shows that she is a dependent person.
e. Lack of Confidence
Besides that, Frankie is also known as a lack of confidence person. it can
be seen from her speech and, which is defined by M., J Murphy, like in the text
below:
“It seems to me you wish for a lot of things, said Berenice. I wish I was
somebody else except me. So the afternoon before it happened was like the
other August afternoons. Frankie had hung around the kitchen, then
towards dark she had gone out into the yard” (p. 12).
The quotation above display that Frankie lacks of confidence.It can be
seen from her speech that “I wish I was somebody else except me” This utterance
shows that Frankie does not sure with herself or her existence. It means she dislike
all things about herself therefore she wishes to be somebody else except being as
herself. Because of being as a lack of confidence person, Frankie also avoids
herself from people. She does not have any relation with anybody outside home,
except she just hangs around the kitchen and goes to the yard when it is night.
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This evidence shows that Frankie lacks confidence therefore she wishes to be
somebody and she avoids herself from people.
2. F. Jasmine
In the second part of the story, Frankie Addams changes her name
becomes F. Jasmine. McCullers describes F. Jasmine with different characteristic
from the old Frankie’s.
a.
Feminine
F. Jasmine is characterized as a feminine. It can be seen through her
appearance. She is not like the old Frankie who is tomboy,as it is shown in the
text “She dressed carefully that morning in her most grown and best, the pink
organdie and put on lipstick and sweet serenade” (p. 61). This quotation can be
seen that there is a change on Frankie’s appearances now. In this case, her
appearance now is feminine. The changing on Frankie’s appearance can be seen
from the dress that she wears, it is a pink dress. Meanwhile, it also can be seen
from her lips, she uses on lipstick. From the clothes that she wears and lipstick
that she uses are the means that are usually used by the person who is considered
as girl. From all of these evidences, the writer concludes that Frankie is a feminine
person.
b. More-Mature
She acts like a mature person that is why she is more mature now. The
maturity here refers to her behaviors and speech in a sensible way like a grown
girl. One of the evidences is noticed from the way she speaks about Uncle
Charles. She said, “at one time Uncle Charles was a leading citizen it will be a
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loss to whole country” (p. 78). This utterance is usually spoken by the adult
people, but Frankie can come up such utterance. This means that Frankie’s
utterance is more mature than her age now. Because of that, she is more mature.
F. Jasmine’s maturity also