The Description of English Tenses in the Novel “The Three Musketeers” by Alexandre Dumas
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1
The Background of the Study
In fact, language is a great machine or tool which is able to make human
culture possible. Language is the highly structured system. Without language the
communication will be broken. English is the first foreign language at the public
or private school. It is important thing in human life .
Winston (1993:21) says that language is the same no matter what system
of writing may be used to record it, just as a person is the same no matter how
you take his picture, the most of the language that are spoken today has been
applied either in relatively recent times.
Language is a means to communicate by one person to another, so person
will understand what people is saying. Language in general can be writing,
besides that language is a signaling system, without language human cannot
make the interaction. The benefit of learning the language is that we can be more
skilled and conscientious in the use of language, especially in places and certain
conditions. These languages are derived from the spoken language of the
community around them.
In addition to knowing what language is, we also have to know what
grammar is. Grammar is very important to help us understand about how to
make a sentence in paragraph when we describe the sentence in the novel.
Rodney (2001:1) says that the term grammar is used in number of different
sense-the grammar of language may understand to be a full description of the
1
Universitas Sumatera Utara
form and meaning of the sentences or language, it may cover only certain,
variously delimited, parts of sub description.
Grammar is very important because grammar has related with the
language structure, type and kind of the word and how to combine the word
become phrase or sentences in grammar. Because of that, grammar is very
important to particularly in this case the English language will greatly help you
to express your ideas very well and true, clear and effective. Manurung (2007:1)
says that grammar is elaboration scientifically.
Grammar has some English structure. Tenses as one of the English
structure that used in writing and very important to study about it. So,we must
know what are the vocabulary, pronunciation and situation.The third part is still
general, to be more specific and each other divided into four parts, like that:
present tense, continuous tense, perfect tense and perfect continuous tense.
Tenses are very important to learn it and it can be understood that
English language has sixteen different tenses. In other side, when we write a
paragraph we can chose the past, present or future of tenses in our sentences.
In addition, the writer in this paper chose the topic about tenses used in
the novel because she wants to show what is tense and kinds of tenses used in
the novel. Besides that, she uses one of the novels by Alexandre Dumas “The
Three Musketeers” because she likes the story that tells about a young man who
help the three musketeers to fight the enemies and finally he gets friendship of
the three musketeers and finally he gets love of a waitress kingdom.
2
Universitas Sumatera Utara
1.2
The Problem of the Study
The problems of the study are:
1)
What kinds of tenses are used in the Novel “The Three Musketeers”?
2)
How is the pattern of tenses used?
3)
What type of tenses is dominantly used in the Novel “The Three
Musketeer?”
1.3
The Scope of the Study
The scope of the study is very important for any kind of writing. The
writer wants to give the description about tenses used in the novel “The Three
Musketeers” by Alexandre Dumas since she is interested with this story. Not
only that, the writer of this writing gives the limitation of the problem. Besides
that, Tenses have a function when someone writes some of sentences.
1.4
The Purpose of the Study
The purpose of the study are:
1)
To find out the tenses used in the Novel “The Three Musketeers”.
2)
To find out the pattern of tenses.
3)
To find out the dominant types of tenses used in the Novel “The Three
Musketeers”.
1.5
The Reason for Choosing the Topic
I chose the topic because tenses are more important and we can
understand the aspect of the language.The writer gets interested to describe the
novel and she finds many tenses used in the novel “The Three Musketeers”
3
Universitas Sumatera Utara
which tells the story of friendship, love and struggle. Besides that, the writer
chose this topic because she likes the story in the novel. Finally decides to take
as the title of final paper.
1.6 Method of Study
If data will not be available in written, of course the writer needs some
informants to be treated as the resources of data. In writing this paper, the
writer uses library research. A library research contains a collection of material
one or more subjects. Nazir (1998:111) says that the techniques of data
collection to conduct studies of literature, records and reports that has to do
with the problem. The writer read and collected some literary books that are
relevant to the topic discussed in description the grammar, especially the tenses
as reference in finishing this paper.
The data of this paper are sentences contained tenses used in the novel
“The Three Musketeers” by Alexandre Dumas. The writer chose novel “The
Three Musketeers” by Alexandre Dumas as the source of data because this
novel has an interesting story. The novel “The Three Musketeers” by
Alexandre Dumas has 554 pages and 67 chapters, but the writer just uses 10
chapters in the novel. This paper, the writer used observation method as data
collecting method.
In description data, the writer used descriptive method. Nazir (2003:54)
says that description method is to create a description, picture or painting
systematically about the facts, the nature and the relationship phenomenon.
Descriptive research is a research about phenomenon or population that gets
4
Universitas Sumatera Utara
from subject like individual, organization, industry or perspective. The purpose
is to explain and describe systematically the fact and characteristic of subject.
Descriptive research method is a method that collected for question related
with situation and condition.
There are some steps done of the problem in this paper.
1) Reading the novel.
2) Indentifying the sentences of tenses used in the novel.
3) Classifying sentences into some kinds of tenses.
4) Making the methodology by Nazar and sentence pattern of tenses used in the
novel.
5) Finding the dominantly of tenses used in the novel.
5
Universitas Sumatera Utara
1.1
The Background of the Study
In fact, language is a great machine or tool which is able to make human
culture possible. Language is the highly structured system. Without language the
communication will be broken. English is the first foreign language at the public
or private school. It is important thing in human life .
Winston (1993:21) says that language is the same no matter what system
of writing may be used to record it, just as a person is the same no matter how
you take his picture, the most of the language that are spoken today has been
applied either in relatively recent times.
Language is a means to communicate by one person to another, so person
will understand what people is saying. Language in general can be writing,
besides that language is a signaling system, without language human cannot
make the interaction. The benefit of learning the language is that we can be more
skilled and conscientious in the use of language, especially in places and certain
conditions. These languages are derived from the spoken language of the
community around them.
In addition to knowing what language is, we also have to know what
grammar is. Grammar is very important to help us understand about how to
make a sentence in paragraph when we describe the sentence in the novel.
Rodney (2001:1) says that the term grammar is used in number of different
sense-the grammar of language may understand to be a full description of the
1
Universitas Sumatera Utara
form and meaning of the sentences or language, it may cover only certain,
variously delimited, parts of sub description.
Grammar is very important because grammar has related with the
language structure, type and kind of the word and how to combine the word
become phrase or sentences in grammar. Because of that, grammar is very
important to particularly in this case the English language will greatly help you
to express your ideas very well and true, clear and effective. Manurung (2007:1)
says that grammar is elaboration scientifically.
Grammar has some English structure. Tenses as one of the English
structure that used in writing and very important to study about it. So,we must
know what are the vocabulary, pronunciation and situation.The third part is still
general, to be more specific and each other divided into four parts, like that:
present tense, continuous tense, perfect tense and perfect continuous tense.
Tenses are very important to learn it and it can be understood that
English language has sixteen different tenses. In other side, when we write a
paragraph we can chose the past, present or future of tenses in our sentences.
In addition, the writer in this paper chose the topic about tenses used in
the novel because she wants to show what is tense and kinds of tenses used in
the novel. Besides that, she uses one of the novels by Alexandre Dumas “The
Three Musketeers” because she likes the story that tells about a young man who
help the three musketeers to fight the enemies and finally he gets friendship of
the three musketeers and finally he gets love of a waitress kingdom.
2
Universitas Sumatera Utara
1.2
The Problem of the Study
The problems of the study are:
1)
What kinds of tenses are used in the Novel “The Three Musketeers”?
2)
How is the pattern of tenses used?
3)
What type of tenses is dominantly used in the Novel “The Three
Musketeer?”
1.3
The Scope of the Study
The scope of the study is very important for any kind of writing. The
writer wants to give the description about tenses used in the novel “The Three
Musketeers” by Alexandre Dumas since she is interested with this story. Not
only that, the writer of this writing gives the limitation of the problem. Besides
that, Tenses have a function when someone writes some of sentences.
1.4
The Purpose of the Study
The purpose of the study are:
1)
To find out the tenses used in the Novel “The Three Musketeers”.
2)
To find out the pattern of tenses.
3)
To find out the dominant types of tenses used in the Novel “The Three
Musketeers”.
1.5
The Reason for Choosing the Topic
I chose the topic because tenses are more important and we can
understand the aspect of the language.The writer gets interested to describe the
novel and she finds many tenses used in the novel “The Three Musketeers”
3
Universitas Sumatera Utara
which tells the story of friendship, love and struggle. Besides that, the writer
chose this topic because she likes the story in the novel. Finally decides to take
as the title of final paper.
1.6 Method of Study
If data will not be available in written, of course the writer needs some
informants to be treated as the resources of data. In writing this paper, the
writer uses library research. A library research contains a collection of material
one or more subjects. Nazir (1998:111) says that the techniques of data
collection to conduct studies of literature, records and reports that has to do
with the problem. The writer read and collected some literary books that are
relevant to the topic discussed in description the grammar, especially the tenses
as reference in finishing this paper.
The data of this paper are sentences contained tenses used in the novel
“The Three Musketeers” by Alexandre Dumas. The writer chose novel “The
Three Musketeers” by Alexandre Dumas as the source of data because this
novel has an interesting story. The novel “The Three Musketeers” by
Alexandre Dumas has 554 pages and 67 chapters, but the writer just uses 10
chapters in the novel. This paper, the writer used observation method as data
collecting method.
In description data, the writer used descriptive method. Nazir (2003:54)
says that description method is to create a description, picture or painting
systematically about the facts, the nature and the relationship phenomenon.
Descriptive research is a research about phenomenon or population that gets
4
Universitas Sumatera Utara
from subject like individual, organization, industry or perspective. The purpose
is to explain and describe systematically the fact and characteristic of subject.
Descriptive research method is a method that collected for question related
with situation and condition.
There are some steps done of the problem in this paper.
1) Reading the novel.
2) Indentifying the sentences of tenses used in the novel.
3) Classifying sentences into some kinds of tenses.
4) Making the methodology by Nazar and sentence pattern of tenses used in the
novel.
5) Finding the dominantly of tenses used in the novel.
5
Universitas Sumatera Utara