ANALYSIS OF POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN COMMAND USED BY MAIN CHARACTERS IN MOVIES ENTITLED “FACING THE GIANTS”, Analysis Of Politeness Strategies In Command Used By Main Characters In Movies Entitled “Facing The Giants”, “Dangerous Minds” And “The Ron Clark
ANALYSIS OF POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN COMMAND USED BY
MAIN CHARACTERS IN MOVIES ENTITLED “FACING THE GIANTS”,
“DANGEROUS MINDS” AND “THE RON CLARK STORY”
Thesis
Presented to Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirement for Thesis Program in English Department of Post
Graduate Programs of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
by
INDAH EFTANASTARINI
S200130057
GRADUATE PROGRAM OF LANGUAGE STUDY OF
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2015
ii
iii
iv
v
MOTTO
“Stop waiting for the perfect moment. Take the moment you have and make it
perfect.”
“Your life does not get better by chance, it gets better by change”
vi
DEDICATION
This this paper is proudly and wholeheartedly dedicates to:
-
My beloved father and mother (Bpk. Slamet and Ibu Istiniyah), I really
appreciate your wonderful kindness, thank for your care, love, support, and
prayer for me. I really love you.
-
My advisors, Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D and Dr. Dwi Haryanti, thank for your
support and suggestion for me. May Allah bless you.
-
My beloved friends, Mbk Novi, Dreamy, DIEN, etc, thank for your support
and prayer.
-
All of my friends in MPB class thank you so much for your support.
vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Alhamdullilahirabil’alamin, all praise and gratitude to Allah SWT, the
most gracious and the most merciful for blessing the writer to accomplish this
thesis under the title “Analysis of Politeness Strategies in Command Used by
Characters in Movies Entitled “Facing the Giants”, “Dangerous Minds”, and
“The Ron Clark Story”. This thesis is one of requirement for getting the post
graduate of language department at Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
The writer realizes that this would never be possible without contribute
and support from others. The writer would like to express her graduate and
appreciation to:
1. Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyati, S.H., M.Hum, the director of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Prof. Dr. Markhamah, M.Hum, the Head of Language Study
Department,
3. Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D and Dr. Dwi Haryanti as advisors of this thesis
who gave guided and advices during the arrangement of research
paper from the beginning until the end,
4. The writer’s beloved Father and Mother who always give love,
support, and prayer,
viii
5. All of her family,
6. All friends in Magister of Language Study in Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta, and
7. Her best friends, who always support, give prayer and strength.
The writer realizes that this research paper is not perfect and has a lot of
weakness. Therefore, the writer thanks to the reader if they can contribute
suggestions and criticisms to make this research paper better.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
The Writer
Indah Eftanastarini
ix
ABSTRACT
Indah Eftanastarini, S 200 130 057, 2015: “Analysis of Politeness Strategies
in Command Used by Main Characters in Movies Entitled “Facing the
Giants”, “Dangerous Minds”, and “The Ron Clark Story”.
In communication, the speakers should be polite toward the hearers by
considering their social level, age, situation, and condition. The current study
focused on the use of politeness strategies, especially in command. The aims of
the study are to identify the types of sentence in command utterances, the use of
politeness strategies, and to investigate the factors that influence the main
characters in applying politeness strategies in command.
The data were politeness utterances in command used by main character in
3 drama movies: “Facing the Giants”, “Dangerous Minds”, and “The Ron Clark
Story”. Those movies were selected because most of the setting at school in which
it is place to teach politeness in interaction between teachers, as the main
character, and students. The data were analyzed using politeness strategies
purposed by Brown and Levinson (1987).
The result of this study shown that there are two types of sentence in
command: declarative sentence and imperative sentence. The characters applied
two types of politeness strategy in giving command: bald on record (24 data) and
positive politeness (4 data). The factors that influenced in employing politeness
strategies in command were the speakers have higher status than the hearers, the
size of imposition between the speakers and the hearers were small, and the
situation were urgent and emergency in which the speakers and the hearers
involved. The results of the study have theoretical contribution to the field of
politeness. In addition, they have practical contribution since they provide an
insight of how politeness strategies can be used to enhance communication skill.
Keywords: Politeness, Politeness Strategies, Command, Movies.
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER .............................................................................................................. i
APPROVAL ...................................................................................................... ii
NOTE OF ADVISOR I ..................................................................................... iii
NOTE OF ADVISOR II ................................................................................... iv
PRONOUNCEMENT ........................................................................................ v
MOTTO ............................................................................................................. vi
DEDICATION ................................................................................................... vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMNT .................................................................................... viii
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... x
TABLE OF CONTENT ..................................................................................... xi
LIST OF FIGURE .............................................................................................. xiv
LIST OF TABLE ............................................................................................... xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study ....................................................... 1
B. Scope of the Study ................................................................. 6
C. Problem Statement................................................................. 6
D. Objective of the Study ........................................................... 7
E. Benefit of the Study ............................................................... 8
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW AND UNDERLYING THEORY
A. Previous Studies .................................................................... 9
B. Theoretical Review
1. Pragmatics ....................................................................... 19
2. Speech Acts ..................................................................... 20
3. Politeness
3.1 Robin Lakoff’s Theory of Politeness ........................ 24
3.2 Geoffrey Leech’s Theory of Politeness ..................... 24
3.3 Brown and Levinsons Theory of Politeness .............. 26
xi
3.4 Politeness Strategies
a. Bald on record ...................................................... 27
b. Positive Politeness ............................................... 30
c. Negative Politeness .............................................. 37
d. Off Record Indirect Strategies ............................. 41
4. Command Utterances
a. Definition of Command ............................................. 46
b. Linguistic Form ......................................................... 47
c. Types Sentence in Command
1) Declarative Sentence ........................................... 48
2) Interrogative Sentence ......................................... 49
3) Imperative Sentence ............................................ 49
5. Factors Influencing the Politeness Strategy Used ........... 50
6. Movie............................................................................... 51
7. Synopsis of the Movie ..................................................... 52
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Type ....................................................................... 55
B. Research Subject ................................................................... 55
C. Research Object ..................................................................... 56
D. Data and Data Source ............................................................ 56
E. Technique of Collecting Data ................................................ 56
F. Technique of Coding Data..................................................... 57
G. Technique of Analyzing Data ................................................ 60
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
A. Data Analysis
1. Types Sentence in Command .......................................... 63
2. Politeness Strategies Involved in Command ................... 85
3. Factors that Influenced Character in use of Politeness
Strategies ......................................................................... 101
B. Research Findings ................................................................. 139
xii
C. Discussion of the Findings
1. Comparison of the Findings with the Theories ............... 148
2. Comparison of the Findings with the Previous
Findings ........................................................................... 151
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATION, AND
SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ............................................................................. 159
B. Pedagogical Implication ........................................................ 160
C. Suggestion ............................................................................. 162
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xiii
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 4.1 ........................................................................................................... 84
Figure 4.2 ........................................................................................................... 100
Figure 4.3 ........................................................................................................... 140
Figure 4.4 ........................................................................................................... 142
Figure 4.5 ........................................................................................................... 146
xiv
LIST OF TABLE
Table 4.1 ............................................................................................................ 84
Table 4.2 ............................................................................................................ 100
Table 4.3 ............................................................................................................ 140
Table 4.4 ............................................................................................................ 143
Table 4.5 ............................................................................................................ 144
Table 4.5 ............................................................................................................ 147
xv
MAIN CHARACTERS IN MOVIES ENTITLED “FACING THE GIANTS”,
“DANGEROUS MINDS” AND “THE RON CLARK STORY”
Thesis
Presented to Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirement for Thesis Program in English Department of Post
Graduate Programs of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
by
INDAH EFTANASTARINI
S200130057
GRADUATE PROGRAM OF LANGUAGE STUDY OF
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2015
ii
iii
iv
v
MOTTO
“Stop waiting for the perfect moment. Take the moment you have and make it
perfect.”
“Your life does not get better by chance, it gets better by change”
vi
DEDICATION
This this paper is proudly and wholeheartedly dedicates to:
-
My beloved father and mother (Bpk. Slamet and Ibu Istiniyah), I really
appreciate your wonderful kindness, thank for your care, love, support, and
prayer for me. I really love you.
-
My advisors, Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D and Dr. Dwi Haryanti, thank for your
support and suggestion for me. May Allah bless you.
-
My beloved friends, Mbk Novi, Dreamy, DIEN, etc, thank for your support
and prayer.
-
All of my friends in MPB class thank you so much for your support.
vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Alhamdullilahirabil’alamin, all praise and gratitude to Allah SWT, the
most gracious and the most merciful for blessing the writer to accomplish this
thesis under the title “Analysis of Politeness Strategies in Command Used by
Characters in Movies Entitled “Facing the Giants”, “Dangerous Minds”, and
“The Ron Clark Story”. This thesis is one of requirement for getting the post
graduate of language department at Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
The writer realizes that this would never be possible without contribute
and support from others. The writer would like to express her graduate and
appreciation to:
1. Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyati, S.H., M.Hum, the director of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
2. Prof. Dr. Markhamah, M.Hum, the Head of Language Study
Department,
3. Agus Wijayanto, Ph.D and Dr. Dwi Haryanti as advisors of this thesis
who gave guided and advices during the arrangement of research
paper from the beginning until the end,
4. The writer’s beloved Father and Mother who always give love,
support, and prayer,
viii
5. All of her family,
6. All friends in Magister of Language Study in Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta, and
7. Her best friends, who always support, give prayer and strength.
The writer realizes that this research paper is not perfect and has a lot of
weakness. Therefore, the writer thanks to the reader if they can contribute
suggestions and criticisms to make this research paper better.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
The Writer
Indah Eftanastarini
ix
ABSTRACT
Indah Eftanastarini, S 200 130 057, 2015: “Analysis of Politeness Strategies
in Command Used by Main Characters in Movies Entitled “Facing the
Giants”, “Dangerous Minds”, and “The Ron Clark Story”.
In communication, the speakers should be polite toward the hearers by
considering their social level, age, situation, and condition. The current study
focused on the use of politeness strategies, especially in command. The aims of
the study are to identify the types of sentence in command utterances, the use of
politeness strategies, and to investigate the factors that influence the main
characters in applying politeness strategies in command.
The data were politeness utterances in command used by main character in
3 drama movies: “Facing the Giants”, “Dangerous Minds”, and “The Ron Clark
Story”. Those movies were selected because most of the setting at school in which
it is place to teach politeness in interaction between teachers, as the main
character, and students. The data were analyzed using politeness strategies
purposed by Brown and Levinson (1987).
The result of this study shown that there are two types of sentence in
command: declarative sentence and imperative sentence. The characters applied
two types of politeness strategy in giving command: bald on record (24 data) and
positive politeness (4 data). The factors that influenced in employing politeness
strategies in command were the speakers have higher status than the hearers, the
size of imposition between the speakers and the hearers were small, and the
situation were urgent and emergency in which the speakers and the hearers
involved. The results of the study have theoretical contribution to the field of
politeness. In addition, they have practical contribution since they provide an
insight of how politeness strategies can be used to enhance communication skill.
Keywords: Politeness, Politeness Strategies, Command, Movies.
x
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER .............................................................................................................. i
APPROVAL ...................................................................................................... ii
NOTE OF ADVISOR I ..................................................................................... iii
NOTE OF ADVISOR II ................................................................................... iv
PRONOUNCEMENT ........................................................................................ v
MOTTO ............................................................................................................. vi
DEDICATION ................................................................................................... vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMNT .................................................................................... viii
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... x
TABLE OF CONTENT ..................................................................................... xi
LIST OF FIGURE .............................................................................................. xiv
LIST OF TABLE ............................................................................................... xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study ....................................................... 1
B. Scope of the Study ................................................................. 6
C. Problem Statement................................................................. 6
D. Objective of the Study ........................................................... 7
E. Benefit of the Study ............................................................... 8
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW AND UNDERLYING THEORY
A. Previous Studies .................................................................... 9
B. Theoretical Review
1. Pragmatics ....................................................................... 19
2. Speech Acts ..................................................................... 20
3. Politeness
3.1 Robin Lakoff’s Theory of Politeness ........................ 24
3.2 Geoffrey Leech’s Theory of Politeness ..................... 24
3.3 Brown and Levinsons Theory of Politeness .............. 26
xi
3.4 Politeness Strategies
a. Bald on record ...................................................... 27
b. Positive Politeness ............................................... 30
c. Negative Politeness .............................................. 37
d. Off Record Indirect Strategies ............................. 41
4. Command Utterances
a. Definition of Command ............................................. 46
b. Linguistic Form ......................................................... 47
c. Types Sentence in Command
1) Declarative Sentence ........................................... 48
2) Interrogative Sentence ......................................... 49
3) Imperative Sentence ............................................ 49
5. Factors Influencing the Politeness Strategy Used ........... 50
6. Movie............................................................................... 51
7. Synopsis of the Movie ..................................................... 52
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Type ....................................................................... 55
B. Research Subject ................................................................... 55
C. Research Object ..................................................................... 56
D. Data and Data Source ............................................................ 56
E. Technique of Collecting Data ................................................ 56
F. Technique of Coding Data..................................................... 57
G. Technique of Analyzing Data ................................................ 60
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
A. Data Analysis
1. Types Sentence in Command .......................................... 63
2. Politeness Strategies Involved in Command ................... 85
3. Factors that Influenced Character in use of Politeness
Strategies ......................................................................... 101
B. Research Findings ................................................................. 139
xii
C. Discussion of the Findings
1. Comparison of the Findings with the Theories ............... 148
2. Comparison of the Findings with the Previous
Findings ........................................................................... 151
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATION, AND
SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ............................................................................. 159
B. Pedagogical Implication ........................................................ 160
C. Suggestion ............................................................................. 162
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xiii
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 4.1 ........................................................................................................... 84
Figure 4.2 ........................................................................................................... 100
Figure 4.3 ........................................................................................................... 140
Figure 4.4 ........................................................................................................... 142
Figure 4.5 ........................................................................................................... 146
xiv
LIST OF TABLE
Table 4.1 ............................................................................................................ 84
Table 4.2 ............................................................................................................ 100
Table 4.3 ............................................................................................................ 140
Table 4.4 ............................................................................................................ 143
Table 4.5 ............................................................................................................ 144
Table 4.5 ............................................................................................................ 147
xv