THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEARNING MODULE OF SOLUBILITY AND SOLUBILITY PRODUCT FOR SBI AND RSBI STUDENTS.

vi

LIST OF CONTENT

Legalization Paper i

Biography ii

Abstract iii

Acknowledgement iv

List of Contents vi

List of Figure ix

List of Table x

List of Appendix xi

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Research Background 1

1.2 The Problem Identification 3

1.3 The Scope of the Study 4

1.4 The Problem of the Study 4

1.5 The Objectives of the Study 4

1.6 The Significance of the Study 5

CHAPTER II REVIEWS OF LITERATURE

2.1 Teaching and Learning Process 6

2.2 Teaching Media in Education 7

2.2.1 Textbook as Media in Teaching 8

2.2.2 Learning Module Media in Teaching 9

2.2.3 Techniques of Developing Module 12

2.2.4 The Difference between Module and Textbook 13

2.3 Education Unit Level Curriculum (KTSP) 13

2.4 Innovation in Learning Chemistry 15

2.5 Solubility and Solubility Product 16

2.6.2 Solubility Product 17

2.7. Conceptual Framework 19

2.8. Hypothesis 20

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

3.1 Location and Time of Research 21

3.2 Population and Sample 21

3.3 Research Variable and Research Instrument 22

3.4 The Research Design 23

3.5 The Research Procedure 24

3.6 Data Collection Technique 24

3.7 Data Analysis Technique 25

3.7.1 Descriptive Analysis 26

3.7.2. Instrument Testing 27

3.7.2.1._{Validity of Item Test 27}

3.7.2.2._{Reliability of Item Test 28}

3.7.2.3._{Difficulty Level 29}

3.7.2.4._{Different Index 29}

3.7.3 Inferensial Analysis 30

3.7.3.1 The Normality Test 30

3.7.3.2 The Homogeinity Test 30

3.8. Hypothesis Test 30

3.9. Effectiveness Percentage (%E) 31

CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.2 Survey of High School Chemistry Text Book 32 4.2 The Analysis of High School Chemistry Textbook 32 4.3 The Development of Chemistry Learning Module 41

4.4 Instrument Testing 43

4.4.1 Validation of Instruments 43

viii

4.4.3. Difficulty Level of Instrument 44

4.4.4. Differentiate Index of Instrument 44

4.5 Data Analysis 45

4.5.1 Normality Evaluation Test 45

4.5.2 Homogeneity Evaluation Test 45

4.6. Student’s Achievement before Teaching Treatment 46

4.8. Hypothesis Testing 49

4.8.1 The third Hypothesis 50

4.8.2 The Fourth Hypothesis 51

4.9 The Average Percentage of Student’s Achievement 51 4.10 Percentae of the Effectiveness of Learning Module as Media 52

4.11 Discussion 53

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion 54

5.2 Suggestion 55

LIST OF TABLE

Table 1.2. The ratio of Qcto Ksp values to Form Sediment 18 Table 3.1. Research design of the developed learning module to

increase students’ achievement on the teaching of

solubility and solubility product. 23 Table 4.1. The Result of Standard Analysis of Book Code A 33

Contents on the Topic Solubility and Solubility Product

Table 4.2 . The Result of Standard Analysis of Book Code B 34 Contents on the Topic Solubility and Solubility Product

Table 4.3. The Result of Standard Analysis of Book Code C 36 Contents on the Topic Solubility and Solubility Product

Table 4.4. The Result of Standard Analysis of Book Code D 38 Contents on the Topic Solubility and Solubility Product

Table 4.5. The Average of Percentage of Content, Extension, Depth , 39 Design and Language Feasibility for Books that Analyzed.

Table 4.6. The Result of Questionnaire of Module Standardization 42 Table 4.7. Average and standard deviation of student’s achievement in 46

the pre-test

Table 4.8. Average and standard deviation of student’s achievement in 47 Post Test-1

Table 4.9. Average and standard deviation of student’s achievement in 48 Post Test-2

Table 4.10. Data of the post test I for high group in experimental and 50 control class, gotten data

Table 4.11 Data of the post test 1 for low group in experimental and 50 control class

Table 4.12. Data of the post test 2 for high group in experimental and 51 control class

Table 4.13 Data of the post test 2 for low group in experimental and 51 control class

ix

LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 3.1 Research Procedure to get the standard module 25

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Research Background

The development of learning module of solubility and solubility product for Standard International School (SBI) and Pioneer of Standard International School (RSBI) students is very interesting to be discussed and implemented, because many students often has misinterpretation with the chemistry materials in teaching and learning process. Many students think that chemistry is very difficult subject. The inappropriate of curriculum material content and the way of teacher to teach can make the student confused and then their motivation to learn chemistry have done low therefore their achievement will also be low. One sign that a person has learned is that there is a change in this person's behavior was caused by the change in level of knowledge, skill, or attitude (Arsyad, 2009).

According to Muslich (2007), Educational issues in Indonesia facing the low quality of education at every level and educational unit. In fact, there are still many teachers who teach with conventional methods, lectures, it is not uncommon most students to be tired and boring in learning process that is one direction. Various attempts to improve the quality of education have been carried out, from training to increasing the quality of teachers, improving curriculum periodically, education facilities and infrastructure improvements.( Aritonang, 2011).

In recent years, there are articles discuss about RSBI. It is within the framework of the globalization era. RSBI is born based on appointment educational system law (UU No 20 Year 2003) chapter 50 verse 3 state that government declare at least one educational unit for all level education to be developed be Standard International School. RSBI or SBI is the improvement by looking the quality of education where interpreted the graduated student can use English even tough not left Indonesian language as national language especially for now and next is the main indicator for student as posted by Kusmin, 2009. The most important is the teacher should able to make improvement in teaching and

2

learning process compare to regular class like the teaching strategy, method and media that should be suitable for students in RSBI or SBI.

To improve the effectiveness and efficiency of teaching and learning process in schools, it takes a breakthrough to improve the quality of teaching and learning process itself that is by innovation. One effort to improve the quality of education is through the provision of quality textbooks (William, 2002). Science teachers must become critical consumers of their science textbooks. They must be willing to question the use of their textbooks, and they must discover what the content of the textbook will offer in terms of teaching and student learning. Teachers should reflect on the results of their search for good textbooks, what this means in relation to their own thinking about content, and how to most effectively facilitate instruction (Kirk, 2001).

In 2006 the government launched a curriculum that expands the creative participation of teacher, school administrators, and students in teaching and learning based on a formula specified competency. Correspondence the between curriculum based on standards of competence and basic competence is in force but does not give effect to the achievement of competencies required by students as required in the curriculum. Most textbooks provide the topic too much but each topic is not well developed so that the text that includes classroom activities is not relevant to the key ideas or do not help the students related They were the resources persons doing what with the basic idea (Situmorang, 2010).

According to Kirk (2001) to ensure access to the material in the textbook for all students, teacher could provide study guides with questions and activities. These guides assist students as they read selections, highlight key points, and provide a structure for reflection. Teachers might also highlight the text when possible. When teachers use the textbook as a resource and reference, students learn to do the same. The implementation of individual learning that gives confidence in individual ability makes they confidence to study independently should be developed in learning process.

One of the real evidence in individual learning is give the students a module. Because According to Arshyad (1996) module is a learning materials that

can be used by students to learn independently with as minimal as help of the others. Thus a good selection of modules is able to help students learning and understanding the topic of discussion that is being discussed or studied. Using module as a source of learning is one strategy of active learning process, because in this process students not only as listeners but they are also active in the learning process. Module as learning media, make teachers act only as facilitators that make students active in the learning process because module is communicatively and two direction .Not only has that usage of modules also implemented of using multi-media and various methods, so usage of module make students became learn not only in classroom. Most textbooks provide the topic very much but each topic is not well developed, that is why learning module is needed to be developed and standardized. So from the learning problem the above, the writer interested in doing research with the title: “The Development of Learning Module of Solubility and Solubility Product for SBI and RSBI Students”.

1.2 The Problem Identification

Based on the above research background, problem identification of the development of learning module of solubility and solubility product for SBI and RSBI students are:

1. Chemistry module could be used as teaching media when learning and teaching process is done in Senior High School.

2. The Solubility and Solubility Product and topic in chemistry is categorized as a difficult subject to be understood by students due to the presentation of materials.

3. Teaching module of Solubility and Solubility Product is needed to obtain a standard teaching module for Senior High School.

4. The performance and sequence of chemistry topic in teaching material can improve student’s achievement in studying chemistry.

4

1.3 The Scope of the Study

To make this research be more specific, have made scope of the study that is to establish and develop a learning module in chemistry topic of Solubility and Solubility Product, which is taught to XI grade Senior High School that is RSBI and SBI in even semester at academic year 2011/2012 in Medan.

1.4 The Problem Formulation

From the research background, problem identification and scope of study can be gotten the problem of the development and standardization of learning module on the teaching of solubility and solubility product for SBI and RSBI student are:

1. How the chemistry lecturers, teachers and international students’ opinion on the standard learning module in topic Solubility and Solubility Product? 2. How to develop learning module that is suitable for Senior High School

student in topic of Solubility and Solubility Product?

3. Is the using of learning module in class can increase student achievement? 4. How the effectiveness of learning module as media in topic Solubility and

Solubility Product?

1.5 The Objectives of the Study

Based on the above problem statement, so the objectives of the development of learning module of solubility and solubility product for SBI and RSBI students are:

1. To get or know the opinions of chemistry lecturers, teachers and international students’ about standard learning module in topic Solubility and Solubility Product.

2. Good and standard chemistry module could be developed in order to be used as learning media on the teaching of Solubility and Solubility Product for SBI and RSBI students.

3. The using of learning module in class can increase student achievement. 4. To investigate the effectiveness of developed and standardized chemistry

module as media in on teaching Solubility and Solubility Product for Senior High School student.

1.6 The Significance of the Study

After doing the research about the development of learning module of solubility and solubility product for SBI and RSBI students’ significances that have done got are:

1. For students, they can get a module on chemistry topic Solubility and Solubility Product in Senior High School which is good quality and standard with innovation learning materials local content North Sumatera demanded by KTSP.

2. For Chemistry teacher, to use learning module as an effort that can improve learning outcomes.

56

REFERENCES

Alipoetry, (2011), PENGERTIAN MODUL (Dalam Media Pembelajaran PAI)

untuk sahabatku…,

http://aliranim.blogspot.com/2011/02/pengertian-modul-dalam-media.html(accessed November 2011)

Aritonang, A.J., (2011), Analisis dan Standarisasi Buku Kimia SMA kelas XI

Semester II Berdasarkan Standar Isi KTSP., Thesis, FMIPA UNIMED, Medan

Arsyad, A., (2009),Media Pembelajaran,Rajawali Pres, Jakarta

Barba, R. H., Valerie O. P., and Rafaela S. C., (1993), User-friendly text,Journal

Textbook Analysis,60 (5) :14-17

Buxton, C.A., and Patricia A., (2003), Better Books, Better Teaching, Science and Children,41 (2): 28-32

Chambliss, M.J., (2001), Analyzing Science Textbook Materials to Determine

How “Persuasive” They are,Theory into Practice40(4):225-264

Craggs, C. E., (2002), Media Education in the Primary School,Taylor & Francis

e-Library, New York

Groves, F.H., (1995), Science Vocabulary Local of Selected Secondary Science

Textbooks,School Science and Mathematics95(5):231-235

Hamdani, (2011), Strategi Belajar Mengajar, Penerbit CV, Pustaka Setia,

Bandung

Johari, J.M.C., and Rachmawati., (2010), Chemistry for Senior High School

Grade XI, Esis, Jakarta

Johnson, V.D., (2006), A Contemporary Controversy in American Education:

Including Intelligent Design in the Science Curriculum, The Educational

Forum,70 (3):222-236

Justiana, S., and Muchtaridi, (2009), Chemistry for Senior High School,

Yudhistira, Jakarta Timur

Kirk, M., Caherine E.M., and Stephanie K., (2001), The Trouble with Textbooks, The Science Teacher,68 (9):43-45

Kusmin., (2009),RSBI Indonesia, athttp://rsbiindonesia.blogspot.com.

Metsala, J.L; and Glynn, S., (1996), Teaching with Analogies: Building on

Science Textbook,The Reading Teacher49 (6):490-492

Munadi, Y., (2008),Media Pembelajaran, Gaung Persada Press, Jakarta

Muslich, M., (2007). KTSP Pembelajaran Berbasis Kompetensi & Kontekstual,

PT Bumi Aksara, Jakarta

Pratt, D., (1980) Curriculum Design and Development. Harcourt Brace

Jovanovich,Inc, USA

Prawiradilaga D.S., (2004), Mozaik Teknolgi Pendidikan, Prenada Media Group,

Jakarta

Rosyid, M., (2010), PENGERTIAN, FUNGSI, DAN TUJUAN PENULISAN

MODUL, http://www.rosyid.info/2010/06/pengertian-fungsi-dan-tujuan-penulisan.html(accessed November 2011)

Santyasa, I W., (2009), Metode penelitian Pengembagan dan Teori

Pengembangan Modul, Makalah, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Bali

Saragih, N., (2012), The Development of Learning Module for The Teaching of

Chemical Kinetics to Senior High School (SHS) Students. Skripsi S-1 FMIPA UNIMED, Medan

Silitonga, L.L., and Situmorang, M., (2009), Evektivitas Media Audiovisual Terhadap Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Pada Pengajaran Sistem

Koloid,Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia1(1):1-9

Silitonga, M. S., (2011), Statistik Teori dan Aplikasi dalam Penelitian, FMIPA

UNIMED, Medan

Situmorang, M., (2004), Inovasi Model-Model Pembelajaran Bidang Sain untuk

Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa,Prosiding Konapsi V Surabaya

Tahun 2004

Situmorang, M., Marudut.S., Agustina.T., ChristyJ.S., and DinaT., (2009), Innovation of Laboratory Experiment and Demonstration Method to Increase Student’s Achievement in Teaching of Solubility and Solubility Product,UNIMED, Medan

Situmorang, M., (2010), Pengembangan dan Standarisasi Buku Ajar Kimia SMA

Melalui Inovasi Materi Pembelajaran Muatan Lokal Sumut Sesuai Tuntutan KTSP, UNIMED, Medan

58

Smith, M.K., (2003),Learning Theory, athttp://www.infed.org/biblio/b-learn.htm

Suardina, N., (2006), Learning Process, at

http://kriya.isi-dps.ac.id/learning-process

Sunardi, (2007),KIMIA bilingual untuk SMA Kelas XI, Yrama Widya, Bandung

Susilowati, E., (2006), Theory and Application of Chemistry, Tiga Serangkai,

Solo

Suyanti, R.D., (2010),Strategi Pembelajaran Kimia, Graha Ilmu, Yogyakarta

Tim Pendidikan Kimia ,(2010), Dasar- Dasar pendidikan MIPA,UNIMED,

Medan

Vembriarto, S., (1985), Pengantar Pengajaran Modul, Yayasan Pendidikan

Paramita, Yogyakarta.

William, G.H., (2002), Selecting A Science Textbook, Science Scope,25(4):

BIOGRAPHY

Bintang Simaremare was born in Siborongborong on October, 4th 1990. Father’s name T. Simaremare and mother’s name K. Nababan. The author is the seventh child from seven siblings. In 1996 the author has began her education in elementary school in SD N 173311Tampubolon and graduated in 2002. In 2002, continued her education at the junior high school in SMP N 1 Siborongborong, graduated in 2005. After graduating from junior high school, the author contined her study in SMA N 1 Siborongborong and graduated in 2008. In 2008, the author was received in Chemistry Department, program study chemistry education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, State University of Medan

1.3 The Scope of the Study

To make this research be more specific, have made scope of the study that is to establish and develop a learning module in chemistry topic of Solubility and Solubility Product, which is taught to XI grade Senior High School that is RSBI and SBI in even semester at academic year 2011/2012 in Medan.

1.4 The Problem Formulation

From the research background, problem identification and scope of study can be gotten the problem of the development and standardization of learning module on the teaching of solubility and solubility product for SBI and RSBI student are:

1. How the chemistry lecturers, teachers and international students’ opinion on the standard learning module in topic Solubility and Solubility Product? 2. How to develop learning module that is suitable for Senior High School

student in topic of Solubility and Solubility Product?

3. Is the using of learning module in class can increase student achievement? 4. How the effectiveness of learning module as media in topic Solubility and

Solubility Product?

1.5 The Objectives of the Study

Based on the above problem statement, so the objectives of the development of learning module of solubility and solubility product for SBI and RSBI students are:

1. To get or know the opinions of chemistry lecturers, teachers and international students’ about standard learning module in topic Solubility and Solubility Product.

2. Good and standard chemistry module could be developed in order to be used as learning media on the teaching of Solubility and Solubility Product for SBI and RSBI students.

3. The using of learning module in class can increase student achievement. 4. To investigate the effectiveness of developed and standardized chemistry

module as media in on teaching Solubility and Solubility Product for Senior High School student.

1.6 The Significance of the Study

After doing the research about the development of learning module of solubility and solubility product for SBI and RSBI students’ significances that have done got are:

1. For students, they can get a module on chemistry topic Solubility and Solubility Product in Senior High School which is good quality and standard with innovation learning materials local content North Sumatera demanded by KTSP.

2. For Chemistry teacher, to use learning module as an effort that can improve learning outcomes.

REFERENCES

Alipoetry, (2011), PENGERTIAN MODUL (Dalam Media Pembelajaran PAI) untuk sahabatku…,

http://aliranim.blogspot.com/2011/02/pengertian-modul-dalam-media.html(accessed November 2011)

Aritonang, A.J., (2011), Analisis dan Standarisasi Buku Kimia SMA kelas XI

Semester II Berdasarkan Standar Isi KTSP., Thesis, FMIPA UNIMED,

Medan

Arsyad, A., (2009),Media Pembelajaran,Rajawali Pres, Jakarta

Barba, R. H., Valerie O. P., and Rafaela S. C., (1993), User-friendly text,Journal

Textbook Analysis,60 (5) :14-17

Buxton, C.A., and Patricia A., (2003), Better Books, Better Teaching, Science and

Children,41 (2): 28-32

Chambliss, M.J., (2001), Analyzing Science Textbook Materials to Determine How “Persuasive” They are,Theory into Practice40(4):225-264

Craggs, C. E., (2002), Media Education in the Primary School,Taylor & Francis e-Library, New York

Groves, F.H., (1995), Science Vocabulary Local of Selected Secondary Science Textbooks,School Science and Mathematics95(5):231-235

Hamdani, (2011), Strategi Belajar Mengajar, Penerbit CV, Pustaka Setia, Bandung

Johari, J.M.C., and Rachmawati., (2010), Chemistry for Senior High School

Grade XI, Esis, Jakarta

Johnson, V.D., (2006), A Contemporary Controversy in American Education: Including Intelligent Design in the Science Curriculum, The Educational

Forum,70 (3):222-236

Justiana, S., and Muchtaridi, (2009), Chemistry for Senior High School, Yudhistira, Jakarta Timur

Kirk, M., Caherine E.M., and Stephanie K., (2001), The Trouble with Textbooks,

Kusmin., (2009),RSBI Indonesia, athttp://rsbiindonesia.blogspot.com.

Metsala, J.L; and Glynn, S., (1996), Teaching with Analogies: Building on Science Textbook,The Reading Teacher49 (6):490-492

Munadi, Y., (2008),Media Pembelajaran, Gaung Persada Press, Jakarta

Muslich, M., (2007). KTSP Pembelajaran Berbasis Kompetensi & Kontekstual, PT Bumi Aksara, Jakarta

Pratt, D., (1980) Curriculum Design and Development. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich,Inc, USA

Prawiradilaga D.S., (2004), Mozaik Teknolgi Pendidikan, Prenada Media Group, Jakarta

Rosyid, M., (2010), PENGERTIAN, FUNGSI, DAN TUJUAN PENULISAN

MODUL,

http://www.rosyid.info/2010/06/pengertian-fungsi-dan-tujuan-penulisan.html(accessed November 2011)

Santyasa, I W., (2009), Metode penelitian Pengembagan dan Teori

Pengembangan Modul, Makalah, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Bali

Saragih, N., (2012), The Development of Learning Module for The Teaching of

Chemical Kinetics to Senior High School (SHS) Students. Skripsi S-1

FMIPA UNIMED, Medan

Silitonga, L.L., and Situmorang, M., (2009), Evektivitas Media Audiovisual Terhadap Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Pada Pengajaran Sistem Koloid,Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia1(1):1-9

Silitonga, M. S., (2011), Statistik Teori dan Aplikasi dalam Penelitian, FMIPA UNIMED, Medan

Situmorang, M., (2004), Inovasi Model-Model Pembelajaran Bidang Sain untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa,Prosiding Konapsi V Surabaya Tahun 2004

Situmorang, M., Marudut.S., Agustina.T., ChristyJ.S., and DinaT., (2009), Innovation of Laboratory Experiment and Demonstration Method to Increase Student’s Achievement in Teaching of Solubility and Solubility

Product,UNIMED, Medan

Situmorang, M., (2010), Pengembangan dan Standarisasi Buku Ajar Kimia SMA Melalui Inovasi Materi Pembelajaran Muatan Lokal Sumut Sesuai

Smith, M.K., (2003),Learning Theory, athttp://www.infed.org/biblio/b-learn.htm

Suardina, N., (2006), Learning Process, at http://kriya.isi-dps.ac.id/learning-process

Sunardi, (2007),KIMIA bilingual untuk SMA Kelas XI, Yrama Widya, Bandung Susilowati, E., (2006), Theory and Application of Chemistry, Tiga Serangkai,

Solo

Suyanti, R.D., (2010),Strategi Pembelajaran Kimia, Graha Ilmu, Yogyakarta Tim Pendidikan Kimia ,(2010), Dasar- Dasar pendidikan MIPA,UNIMED,

Medan

Vembriarto, S., (1985), Pengantar Pengajaran Modul, Yayasan Pendidikan Paramita, Yogyakarta.

William, G.H., (2002), Selecting A Science Textbook, Science Scope,25(4): 16-20

BIOGRAPHY

Bintang Simaremare was born in Siborongborong on October, 4th 1990. Father’s name T. Simaremare and mother’s name K. Nababan. The author is the seventh child from seven siblings. In 1996 the author has began her education in elementary school in SD N 173311Tampubolon and graduated in 2002. In 2002, continued her education at the junior high school in SMP N 1 Siborongborong, graduated in 2005. After graduating from junior high school, the author contined her study in SMA N 1 Siborongborong and graduated in 2008. In 2008, the author was received in Chemistry Department, program study chemistry education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, State University of Medan