UNCONDITIONAL LOVE REFLECTED IN STEVE MARRA’S Unconditional Love Reflected In Steve Marra’s Amanda Movie (2009) : An Individual Psychological Approach.
UNCONDITIONAL LOVE REFLECTED IN STEVE MARRA’S
AMANDA MOVIE (2009) :
AN INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
Written by
NORMA PRATIWI M N
A320090168
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
APPROVAL
UNCONDITIONAL LOVE REFLECTED IN STEVE MARRA’S
AMANDA MOVIE (2009) :
AN INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Written by:
NORMA PRATIWI M N
A320090168
Approved to be Examined
by the Consultant:
First Consultant
Second Consultant
Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum.
NIK. 589
Nur Hidayat, S.Pd.
NIK. 771
ii
ACCEPTANCE
UNCONDITIONAL LOVE REFLECTED IN STEVE MARRA’S
AMANDA MOVIE (2009): AN INDIVIDUAL
PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH
by
NORMA PRATIWI M N
NIM A 320 090 168
Accepted by the Board of Examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
On March , 2013
Team of Examiners:
1. Drs. Abdillah Nugraha, M.Hum.
Chair Person
(
)
2. Nur Hidayat, S.Pd.
Secretary
(
)
3. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Hum
Member
(
)
Dean
iii
TESTIMONY
I here with that there is no work had been submitted to get bachelor degree
in any University in this research paper and as far as I concern there is no work or
opinion that had been written or published by someone else except the written
references which are reffered in this paper and mentioned in the bibliography.
If only there will be any incorrectness proved in the future in my statement
above, I will be fully responsible.
Surakarta, March 2013
Norma Pratiwi M. N.
MOTTO
Mempunyai satu sahabat sejati lebih berharga dari seribu teman
yang mementingkan diri sendiri” (the writer)
“Menantang rintangan dan penderitaan itu lebih mulia daripada
ke belakang menuju ketentraman” (Gibran, 1995: 150)
“Nothing is impossible, if we want to try and pray” (tiwi cute)
“Smile is the key of peace” (the writer)
"Tak perlu seseorang yang sempurna, cukup temukan orang yg
selalu membuatmu bahagia dan membuatmu berarti lebih dari
siapapun"(B.J Habibie)
v
DEDICATION
Affectionally and wholeheartedly, dedicated to:
♥ My beloved daddy: Purwadi and mom: Indayati for the
pray and always support and advise me with love
forever;
♥ My beloved lovely sisters: Windy and Nila
♥ My Beloved Lovely would - be – husband “My Future
is you”
All my unforgettable best friends
Thanks for everything
vi
ABSTRACT
NORMA PRATIWI MUSTIKA NINGRUM, A 320 090 168.
UNCONDITIONAL LOVE REFLECTED IN STEVE MARRA’S AMANDA
MOVIE (2009): INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH.
RESEARCH
PAPER.
MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY
OF
SURAKARTA. 2013.
The research is proposed to analyze how the unconditional love reflected in
Amanda movie 2009 by Individual Psychological Approach. There are two
objectives: the first is to analyze the movie in term of structural elements, and the
second is to analyze the movie based on the individual Psychological Perspective.
This study is a qualitative study, using Steve Marra’s Amanda movie 2009 as
of structural elements, and the secondary data. The primary data source is Amanda
movie which is directed by Steve Marra, and the secondary data are some articles,
book of literary and internet related to the subject. The method of collecting data
in this research is library research by watching the movie, reading some related
books and articles, accessing internet, taking notes of important part, arranging,
and drawing conclusion the data. In analyzing the data, the writer employs
descriptive analysis.
The outcome of the study shows that the movie illustrates how to get
unconditional love, it proves that love has no gender, true love is unconditional.
Getting unconditional love is not easy, but if it can be gotten, it will make happy
for everyone in their relationship.
Surakarta,
First Consultant
March 2013
Second Consultant
Drs.Abdillah Nugroho, M. Hum.
NIK. 586
Nur Hidayat, S.Pd.
NIK. 771
Dean
i
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Praise for the Almighty God, Allah SWT, the Rab of Universe. The writer
finally finished her research paper as one of the requirements for achieving
Bachelor Degree in English Department at Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta. The first and most important, she would like to thank Allah for
blessing, loving, helping, and protecting her, because without all of those, she is
nothing at all. Second, she would like to thank to the real revolutionary,
Muhammadur Rosulullah SAW who had opened and broken the Jahiliyah
(darkness) period to the recent world. She would also like to thank for everyone
who deserves to receive this and it becomes an honor for her for receiving his or
everybody’s helps:
1. Drs. H. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum., as the first consultant for giving her a
valuable guidance,
2. Nur Hidayat, S.Pd., as the second consultant who has corrected and criticized
her research paper,
3. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed., as the third consultant who has
corrected and examined her research paper,
4. Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si., as the Temporary Dean of Teacher Training and
Education Faculty in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
5. Titis Setyabudi, S.Pd., M.Hum., as the Chief of English Department,
6. Susiati, S.Pd., as Academic Consultant of Class D
7. Her late of lovely mother, father, older sisters and the big family of Purwadi
for all; love, spirit, and financial support,
viii
8. Her true friends, Tiwi “cute” and Risa “strezq” for keeping the beautiful
relationship and giving the wonderful spirit.
9. Her best friends, Ithink Cloeb “IC”; bechemex, nyinyink, nyenyenk, and
cendet” for keeping relationship.
10. Her friends, Most-TOP for the time, joking, and sharing information. The
Ghendhis Teather crew; de’teecho “The Great and Wonderful of OZ”, Aci
“Doroti”, Amel “Tin Girl”, Papi “Lion”, Pradyan “Scarecrow”, all of the
Munchkins, Mirul “Goblin”, Anang, Bapak Vian, Pakdhe Fakhih, Bang Dody,
Mak Niken, Kriting and all of other crews for keeping the nice friendship and
the wonderful action,
11. All of boarding house’s members for everything: mbak em, Chipret, Imex,
mbak Syilla, kriting, Umi, Dian, Bapak and Ibu kost for supporting,
12. All of Class D students, for accompany her until this time.
Last but not least, the writer would also like to thank for everyone who
had helped her that could not be mentioned one by one. The writer realizes that
there are many weaknesses in this research paper because of the limited capability
and knowledge. Finally, she expects this research paper will be useful for the
readers.
Surakarta, Februari 2013
The writer
De’teecho
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
TITLE ................................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ......................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE ................................................................................................. iii
TESTIMONY .................................................................................................... iv
MOTTO .............................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................... vi
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT .................................................................................. viii
TABLE OF CONTENT ....................................................................................
x
LIST OF FIGURE ........................................................................................... xiii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .....................................................................
1
A. Background of the Study ......................................................
1
B. Previous Studies ...................................................................
5
C.
Problem Statement ..............................................................
5
D. Limitation of the Study.........................................................
6
E. Objective of the Study ..........................................................
6
F. Benefit of the Study ..............................................................
6
G. Research Method ..................................................................
7
H. Research Paper Organization ...............................................
8
x
CHAPTER II
UNDERLYING THEORY ................................................ 10
A. Notion of Individual Psychology ........................................ 10
B. Major Principle of Individual Psychology ........................... 12
C. The Notion of Effort ............................................................. 18
D. The Aspects of Effort .......................................................... 20
E. Structural Element of the Movie .......................................... 22
F. Theoretical Application ........................................................ 35
CHAPTER III
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ............................................. 35
A. Structural Elements of In Time ............................................ 36
1. Narrative Elements ............................................................ 36
a. Characters and Characterizations ................................ 36
b. Setting ......................................................................... 46
c. Plot .............................................................................. 51
d. Point of View .............................................................. 54
e. Theme ......................................................................... 55
2. Technical Elements ........................................................... 55
a. Mise - en - Scene and Design ........................................... 56
1)
Set Dressing............................................................ 56
2)
Props ....................................................................... 58
3)
Costume and Make-Up........................................... 59
4)
Lighting .................................................................. 60
5)
Figurative Expression and Movement.................... 63
b. Cinematography............................................................... 64
xi
c. Sound ............................................................................... 66
d. Editing.............................................................................. 66
B. Discussion ............................................................................ 77
CHAPTER IV
INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS............ 75
A. Basic Concept of Psychological Analysis ............................. 75
1. Inferiority Feeling and Compensation ............................. 75
2. Striving for Superiority .................................................... 76
3. Fictional Finalism ........................................................... 77
4. Style of Life ..................................................................... 78
5. Social Interest .................................................................. 78
6. Creative Power................................................................. 79
B. Discussion ........................................................................... 80
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .............................. 83
A. Conclusion ............................................................................ 83
B. Educational Implication. ...................................................... 84
C. Suggestion ............................................................................ 84
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFERENCES
APPENDIX
xii
LIST OF FIGURE
Page
Figure 1.
Amanda Macnamara .................................................................
36
Figure 2.
Joe Bender ...............................................................................
38
Figure 3.
Craig Kelly ..............................................................................
39
Figure 4.
Bob Bender ...............................................................................
40
Figure 5.
Kate Bender ..............................................................................
41
Figure 6.
Stacy .........................................................................................
41
Figure 7.
Randall McNamara ...................................................................
42
Figure 8.
Susan McNamara......................................................................
43
Figure 9.
Candy........................................................................................
43
Figure 10.
Shows the time in summer 1979 ..............................................
45
Figure 11.
Shows the time in summer 2010 ..............................................
45
Figure 12.
Joe’s house in 1979 ..................................................................
46
Figure 13.
Joe’s house in 2010 ..................................................................
46
Figure 14.
Joe’s office................................................................................
46
Figure 15.
The Elements Nightclub ...........................................................
47
Figure 16.
In the Bar ..................................................................................
47
Figure 17.
In the Counselling Room ..........................................................
48
Figure 18.
In “Love or Lose” Office ..........................................................
48
Figure 19.
In the Hospital ..........................................................................
49
Figure 20.
In the EBK ................................................................................
50
Figure 21.
Joe’s apartment .........................................................................
56
xiii
Figure 22.
Joe’s office................................................................................
57
Figure 23
Elemenys Nightclub setting ......................................................
57
Figure 24.
In Counselling Room. ...............................................................
57
Figure 25.
Garry .........................................................................................
58
Figure 26.
Amanda wears red mini dress...................................................
58
Figure 27.
Amanda wears sport clothing ...................................................
59
Figure 28.
Amanda and Joe wear imaginative clothes ..............................
59
Figure 29.
The dark light ...........................................................................
61
Figure 30.
Secret palce in Joe’s Apartement .............................................
61
Figure 31.
Dark light in orange color.........................................................
62
Figure 32.
Hard light ..................................................................................
63
Figure 33.
Amanda and Joe show their romantic side ...............................
64
Figure 34.
Frame of shot ...........................................................................
65
Figure 35.
Axis-of-Action ..........................................................................
67
Figure 36.
Establishing Shot 1 ..................................................................
67
Figure 37.
Establishing Shot 2 ...................................................................
68
Figure 38.
Reserve shot 1...........................................................................
68
Figure 39.
Reserve shot 2...........................................................................
68
Figure 40.
Eye-line Match 1 ......................................................................
68
Figure 41.
Eye-line Match 2 ......................................................................
68
Figure 42.
Joe’s parents were shocked ......................................................
69
Figure 43.
Joe&Amanda Married ..............................................................
69
Figure 44.
Match on Action 1 ....................................................................
69
xiv
Figure 45.
Match on Action 2 ....................................................................
69
Figure 46.
Match on Action 3 ....................................................................
69
Figure 47.
Cross Cutting 1 .........................................................................
70
Figure 48.
Cross Cutting 2 .........................................................................
70
xv
AMANDA MOVIE (2009) :
AN INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
Written by
NORMA PRATIWI M N
A320090168
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2013
APPROVAL
UNCONDITIONAL LOVE REFLECTED IN STEVE MARRA’S
AMANDA MOVIE (2009) :
AN INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH
RESEARCH PAPER
Written by:
NORMA PRATIWI M N
A320090168
Approved to be Examined
by the Consultant:
First Consultant
Second Consultant
Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum.
NIK. 589
Nur Hidayat, S.Pd.
NIK. 771
ii
ACCEPTANCE
UNCONDITIONAL LOVE REFLECTED IN STEVE MARRA’S
AMANDA MOVIE (2009): AN INDIVIDUAL
PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH
by
NORMA PRATIWI M N
NIM A 320 090 168
Accepted by the Board of Examiners
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
On March , 2013
Team of Examiners:
1. Drs. Abdillah Nugraha, M.Hum.
Chair Person
(
)
2. Nur Hidayat, S.Pd.
Secretary
(
)
3. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Hum
Member
(
)
Dean
iii
TESTIMONY
I here with that there is no work had been submitted to get bachelor degree
in any University in this research paper and as far as I concern there is no work or
opinion that had been written or published by someone else except the written
references which are reffered in this paper and mentioned in the bibliography.
If only there will be any incorrectness proved in the future in my statement
above, I will be fully responsible.
Surakarta, March 2013
Norma Pratiwi M. N.
MOTTO
Mempunyai satu sahabat sejati lebih berharga dari seribu teman
yang mementingkan diri sendiri” (the writer)
“Menantang rintangan dan penderitaan itu lebih mulia daripada
ke belakang menuju ketentraman” (Gibran, 1995: 150)
“Nothing is impossible, if we want to try and pray” (tiwi cute)
“Smile is the key of peace” (the writer)
"Tak perlu seseorang yang sempurna, cukup temukan orang yg
selalu membuatmu bahagia dan membuatmu berarti lebih dari
siapapun"(B.J Habibie)
v
DEDICATION
Affectionally and wholeheartedly, dedicated to:
♥ My beloved daddy: Purwadi and mom: Indayati for the
pray and always support and advise me with love
forever;
♥ My beloved lovely sisters: Windy and Nila
♥ My Beloved Lovely would - be – husband “My Future
is you”
All my unforgettable best friends
Thanks for everything
vi
ABSTRACT
NORMA PRATIWI MUSTIKA NINGRUM, A 320 090 168.
UNCONDITIONAL LOVE REFLECTED IN STEVE MARRA’S AMANDA
MOVIE (2009): INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH.
RESEARCH
PAPER.
MUHAMMADIYAH
UNIVERSITY
OF
SURAKARTA. 2013.
The research is proposed to analyze how the unconditional love reflected in
Amanda movie 2009 by Individual Psychological Approach. There are two
objectives: the first is to analyze the movie in term of structural elements, and the
second is to analyze the movie based on the individual Psychological Perspective.
This study is a qualitative study, using Steve Marra’s Amanda movie 2009 as
of structural elements, and the secondary data. The primary data source is Amanda
movie which is directed by Steve Marra, and the secondary data are some articles,
book of literary and internet related to the subject. The method of collecting data
in this research is library research by watching the movie, reading some related
books and articles, accessing internet, taking notes of important part, arranging,
and drawing conclusion the data. In analyzing the data, the writer employs
descriptive analysis.
The outcome of the study shows that the movie illustrates how to get
unconditional love, it proves that love has no gender, true love is unconditional.
Getting unconditional love is not easy, but if it can be gotten, it will make happy
for everyone in their relationship.
Surakarta,
First Consultant
March 2013
Second Consultant
Drs.Abdillah Nugroho, M. Hum.
NIK. 586
Nur Hidayat, S.Pd.
NIK. 771
Dean
i
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Praise for the Almighty God, Allah SWT, the Rab of Universe. The writer
finally finished her research paper as one of the requirements for achieving
Bachelor Degree in English Department at Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta. The first and most important, she would like to thank Allah for
blessing, loving, helping, and protecting her, because without all of those, she is
nothing at all. Second, she would like to thank to the real revolutionary,
Muhammadur Rosulullah SAW who had opened and broken the Jahiliyah
(darkness) period to the recent world. She would also like to thank for everyone
who deserves to receive this and it becomes an honor for her for receiving his or
everybody’s helps:
1. Drs. H. Abdillah Nugroho, M.Hum., as the first consultant for giving her a
valuable guidance,
2. Nur Hidayat, S.Pd., as the second consultant who has corrected and criticized
her research paper,
3. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M.Ed., as the third consultant who has
corrected and examined her research paper,
4. Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si., as the Temporary Dean of Teacher Training and
Education Faculty in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta,
5. Titis Setyabudi, S.Pd., M.Hum., as the Chief of English Department,
6. Susiati, S.Pd., as Academic Consultant of Class D
7. Her late of lovely mother, father, older sisters and the big family of Purwadi
for all; love, spirit, and financial support,
viii
8. Her true friends, Tiwi “cute” and Risa “strezq” for keeping the beautiful
relationship and giving the wonderful spirit.
9. Her best friends, Ithink Cloeb “IC”; bechemex, nyinyink, nyenyenk, and
cendet” for keeping relationship.
10. Her friends, Most-TOP for the time, joking, and sharing information. The
Ghendhis Teather crew; de’teecho “The Great and Wonderful of OZ”, Aci
“Doroti”, Amel “Tin Girl”, Papi “Lion”, Pradyan “Scarecrow”, all of the
Munchkins, Mirul “Goblin”, Anang, Bapak Vian, Pakdhe Fakhih, Bang Dody,
Mak Niken, Kriting and all of other crews for keeping the nice friendship and
the wonderful action,
11. All of boarding house’s members for everything: mbak em, Chipret, Imex,
mbak Syilla, kriting, Umi, Dian, Bapak and Ibu kost for supporting,
12. All of Class D students, for accompany her until this time.
Last but not least, the writer would also like to thank for everyone who
had helped her that could not be mentioned one by one. The writer realizes that
there are many weaknesses in this research paper because of the limited capability
and knowledge. Finally, she expects this research paper will be useful for the
readers.
Surakarta, Februari 2013
The writer
De’teecho
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
TITLE ................................................................................................................
i
APPROVAL ......................................................................................................
ii
ACCEPTANCE ................................................................................................. iii
TESTIMONY .................................................................................................... iv
MOTTO .............................................................................................................
v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................... vi
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT .................................................................................. viii
TABLE OF CONTENT ....................................................................................
x
LIST OF FIGURE ........................................................................................... xiii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .....................................................................
1
A. Background of the Study ......................................................
1
B. Previous Studies ...................................................................
5
C.
Problem Statement ..............................................................
5
D. Limitation of the Study.........................................................
6
E. Objective of the Study ..........................................................
6
F. Benefit of the Study ..............................................................
6
G. Research Method ..................................................................
7
H. Research Paper Organization ...............................................
8
x
CHAPTER II
UNDERLYING THEORY ................................................ 10
A. Notion of Individual Psychology ........................................ 10
B. Major Principle of Individual Psychology ........................... 12
C. The Notion of Effort ............................................................. 18
D. The Aspects of Effort .......................................................... 20
E. Structural Element of the Movie .......................................... 22
F. Theoretical Application ........................................................ 35
CHAPTER III
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ............................................. 35
A. Structural Elements of In Time ............................................ 36
1. Narrative Elements ............................................................ 36
a. Characters and Characterizations ................................ 36
b. Setting ......................................................................... 46
c. Plot .............................................................................. 51
d. Point of View .............................................................. 54
e. Theme ......................................................................... 55
2. Technical Elements ........................................................... 55
a. Mise - en - Scene and Design ........................................... 56
1)
Set Dressing............................................................ 56
2)
Props ....................................................................... 58
3)
Costume and Make-Up........................................... 59
4)
Lighting .................................................................. 60
5)
Figurative Expression and Movement.................... 63
b. Cinematography............................................................... 64
xi
c. Sound ............................................................................... 66
d. Editing.............................................................................. 66
B. Discussion ............................................................................ 77
CHAPTER IV
INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS............ 75
A. Basic Concept of Psychological Analysis ............................. 75
1. Inferiority Feeling and Compensation ............................. 75
2. Striving for Superiority .................................................... 76
3. Fictional Finalism ........................................................... 77
4. Style of Life ..................................................................... 78
5. Social Interest .................................................................. 78
6. Creative Power................................................................. 79
B. Discussion ........................................................................... 80
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .............................. 83
A. Conclusion ............................................................................ 83
B. Educational Implication. ...................................................... 84
C. Suggestion ............................................................................ 84
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFERENCES
APPENDIX
xii
LIST OF FIGURE
Page
Figure 1.
Amanda Macnamara .................................................................
36
Figure 2.
Joe Bender ...............................................................................
38
Figure 3.
Craig Kelly ..............................................................................
39
Figure 4.
Bob Bender ...............................................................................
40
Figure 5.
Kate Bender ..............................................................................
41
Figure 6.
Stacy .........................................................................................
41
Figure 7.
Randall McNamara ...................................................................
42
Figure 8.
Susan McNamara......................................................................
43
Figure 9.
Candy........................................................................................
43
Figure 10.
Shows the time in summer 1979 ..............................................
45
Figure 11.
Shows the time in summer 2010 ..............................................
45
Figure 12.
Joe’s house in 1979 ..................................................................
46
Figure 13.
Joe’s house in 2010 ..................................................................
46
Figure 14.
Joe’s office................................................................................
46
Figure 15.
The Elements Nightclub ...........................................................
47
Figure 16.
In the Bar ..................................................................................
47
Figure 17.
In the Counselling Room ..........................................................
48
Figure 18.
In “Love or Lose” Office ..........................................................
48
Figure 19.
In the Hospital ..........................................................................
49
Figure 20.
In the EBK ................................................................................
50
Figure 21.
Joe’s apartment .........................................................................
56
xiii
Figure 22.
Joe’s office................................................................................
57
Figure 23
Elemenys Nightclub setting ......................................................
57
Figure 24.
In Counselling Room. ...............................................................
57
Figure 25.
Garry .........................................................................................
58
Figure 26.
Amanda wears red mini dress...................................................
58
Figure 27.
Amanda wears sport clothing ...................................................
59
Figure 28.
Amanda and Joe wear imaginative clothes ..............................
59
Figure 29.
The dark light ...........................................................................
61
Figure 30.
Secret palce in Joe’s Apartement .............................................
61
Figure 31.
Dark light in orange color.........................................................
62
Figure 32.
Hard light ..................................................................................
63
Figure 33.
Amanda and Joe show their romantic side ...............................
64
Figure 34.
Frame of shot ...........................................................................
65
Figure 35.
Axis-of-Action ..........................................................................
67
Figure 36.
Establishing Shot 1 ..................................................................
67
Figure 37.
Establishing Shot 2 ...................................................................
68
Figure 38.
Reserve shot 1...........................................................................
68
Figure 39.
Reserve shot 2...........................................................................
68
Figure 40.
Eye-line Match 1 ......................................................................
68
Figure 41.
Eye-line Match 2 ......................................................................
68
Figure 42.
Joe’s parents were shocked ......................................................
69
Figure 43.
Joe&Amanda Married ..............................................................
69
Figure 44.
Match on Action 1 ....................................................................
69
xiv
Figure 45.
Match on Action 2 ....................................................................
69
Figure 46.
Match on Action 3 ....................................................................
69
Figure 47.
Cross Cutting 1 .........................................................................
70
Figure 48.
Cross Cutting 2 .........................................................................
70
xv