A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON ENGLISH INDONESIAN CODE SWITCHING IN THE OPINION RUBRIC OF KOMPAS NEWSPAPER.
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A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON ENGLISH INDONESIAN
CODE SWITCHING IN THE OPINION RUBRIC OF KOMPAS
NEWSPAPER
Arranged by:
ADISTYARUMAWANTI
X2211002
THESIS
Submitted to Teacher Training and Education Faculty of
Sebelas Maret University as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Gaining the Undergraduate Degree of English Education
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ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2013
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ABSTRACT
AdistyArumawanti. X2211002. “A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON ENGLISH
INDONESIAN CODE SWITCHING IN THE OPINION RUBRIC OF KOMPAS
NEWSPAPER”.Athesis. Surakarta: Teacher Training and Education Faculty of
SebelasMaret University, July 2013.
The aims of the research are: (1) to identify the form of English Indonesian code
switching and code mixing which are used in the opinion rubric ofKompas Newspaper (2) to
describe the background of using English Indonesian code switching and code mixing in the
opinion rubric of Kompas Newspaper.
The method used in this research is descriptive; it is designed to analyze the forms
and the background of using English Indonesian code switching and code mixing in the
opinion rubric of Kompas Newspaper. The research was conducted on Kompas Newspaper in
March-April 2013 editions. It included four important stages namely collecting data, reducing
the data, presenting the data, and verification. There was connection before, during, and after
collecting the data to make general concepts of “analysis”. Each stage consisted of different
steps. The data were taken from primary data which were directly got from main sources.
Those were sorting and classifying the data including English Indonesian code switching and
code mixing written by students, university students, teachers, and lecturers. To support the
data, she also used the second primary data; conducting interview and giving questionnaire to
the students, university students, teachers, and lecturers. The qualitative data were analyzed
using Interactive Model and the types of activity analysis and data collection itself were
cyclical and interactive process.
The research findings show that the forms of English Indonesian code switching and
code mixing, sentences, phrases, words are almost applied in the opinion rubric of Kompas
newspaper but each form has different percentage. During March-April editions, the writer
find 52 items of words, 149 items of phrases, and 8 items of sentences written by the
students, university students, teachers, and lecturers. It describes the use of phrase is the
highest in the opinion rubric of Kompas newspaper with the frequency is 72.29 %. It is
followed by word appearance with 24.88 % and 3.82 % of sentences. There are five
backgrounds influencing the use of English Indonesian code switching and code mixing in
the opinion rubric of Kompas newspaper in March and April 2013 edition written by
students, university students, teachers, and lecturers. Those are context and situation, who
speak to whom, the member of the parties or social groups, the relationship between the
speaker and the addresses, and the last reason for people use code switching and code mixing
is for specific purpose includes national and ethnicity solidarity.
The researcher hopes that the finding of this research can enrich the teachers and
students understanding the use of English Indonesian code switching and code mixing that
they do unconsciously and enrich the knowledge and experience for other researchers and
readers.
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ABSTRAK
AdistyArumawanti. X2211002.“STUDI DESKRIPTIF PADA PENGGUNAAN ALIH
BAHASA INGGRIS INDONESIA DI RUBRIK PENDAPAT KORAN KOMPAS.
Skripsi. Surakarta: FakultasKeguruandanIlmuPendidikanUniversitasSebelasMaret, Juli 2013.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) untuk mengidentifikasi bentukalihbahasa dan
campur bahasa Inggris Indonesia yang digunakan dalam rubric pendapat koran Kompas dan
(2) mendeskripsikan latar belakang penggunaan alih bahasa dan campur bahasa Inggris
Indonesia dalam rubric pendapat koran Kompas.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif, yang
dirancang untuk menganalisis bentuk dan latar belakang penggunaaan alih bahasa dan
campur bahasa Inggris Indonesia di dalam rubric pendapat koran Kompas. Penelitian ini
dilakukan dari bulan Maret hingga April 2013. Ada empat tahap penting dalam penelitian ini
yaitu pengumpulan data, pengurangan data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi. Pengumpulan data
itu saling berkesinambungan, yakni sebelum, selama, dan setelah pengumpulan data selesai
untuk membuat sebuah “analisis”. Setiap tahap terdiri dari langkah-langkah yang berbeda.
Data diambildari data primer yang langsung didapatkan dari sumber utama, yakni rubrik
pendapat koran Kompas yang kemudian dipilih dan dikelompokkan ke dalam pendapat yang
hanyaditulisolehsiswa, mahasiswa, guru, dan dosen. Selain itu, penulis juga menggunakan
data primer kedua, yang didapatdarimelakukanwawancaradanmemberikan kuesioner kepada
penulis di rubric pendapat koran Kompas, yaitu kepada siswa, mahasiswa, guru, dan dosen.
Data kualitatif dianalisis dengan menggunakan Model Interaktif dengan jenis analisis dan
pengumpulan data yang bersifat siklis dan interaktif.
Penemuan peneliti menunjukkan bahwa bentuk alih bahasa dan campur bahasa
Inggris Indonesia yang ada di rubric pendapat koran Kompas adalah dalam bentuk frase, kata,
dan kalimat. Masing-masing bentuk memiliki persentase yang berbeda. Selama edisi Maret
hingga April 2013, penulis menemukan 52 jenis campur bahasa dalam bentuk kata, 149 jenis
campur bahasa dalam bentuk frase, dan 8 jenis alih bahasa dalam bentuk kalimat yang ditulis
oleh siswa, mahasiswa, guru, dandosen. Ini menggambarkan penggunaan frase adalah yang
tertinggi dan paling sering digunakan dalam rubric pendapat koran Kompas dengan frekuensi
sebesar 71.29 %. Diikuti dengan kata 24.88 % dan kalimat 3.82 %. Selain itu, peneliti juga
menyimpulkan bahwa ada lima alasan yang mempengaruhi seseorang menggunakan alih dan
campur bahasa di dalam rubric pendapat koran Kompas pada bulan Maret hingga April 2013
yang ditulis oleh pelajar, mahasiswa, guru, dandosen. Mereka adalah konteks dan situasi,
pembicara dan lawan bicara, anggota suatu kelompok sosial, hubungan antara pembicara dan
dan lawan bicara, dan alasan terakhir bagi orang-orang menggunakan alih bahasa dan campur
bahasa adalah untuk menunjukkan rasa nasionalitas dan solidaritas .
Peneliti berharap bahwa hasil dari penelitian ini dapat memperkaya pemahaman guru
dan siswa mengenai penggunaan alih bahasa dan campur bahasa Inggris Indonesia yang
sering mereka gunakan secara tidak sadar dan menambah pengetahuan dan pengalaman bagi
pembaca.
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MOTTO
Dream, Work, and Make it happens
(Agnes Monica)
Never put any limitation since you want to start something, but if
you have done you know your limitation
(Reza M. Syarief)
Janganlah memeperhatikan kesalahan dan hal hal yang telah atau
belum dikerjakan oleh orang lain, tetapi perhatikan apa yang
telah dikerjakan danapa yang belum dikerjakan oleh diri sendiri
(Siddharta Gautama)
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EDICATION
This Thesis is dedicated to:
My gorgeous father
My greatest mother
commit
user brother
Myto little
ii
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, praise to Allah the Almighty for letting her to finish this
thesis as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for gaining the Undergraduate Degree
of Education in English Education Department of SebelasMaret University Surakarta. The
writer also wishes to express her deepest gratitude to:
1. Prof. Dr. M. FurqonHidayatullah, M.Pd, the Dean of Teacher Training and
Education Faculty, for giving the writer permission to write the thesis.
2. Dr. M. Rohmadi, S.S., M.Hum, the Head of the Art and Language Education
Department, who gave the writer permission to write the thesis.
3. EndangSetyaningsih, S.Pd, M.Hum, the Head of the English Education
Department, who gave the writer permission to write the thesis
4. Drs. Siswantoro, M.Hum, as the writer’s first consultant and Dr. Abdul Azib,
M.Pd, as the writer’s second consultant for their guidance, advice,
encouragement and time from beginning up to the completion of this thesis
writing.
5. Drs. Suparno, M.Pd., as her Academic Consultant for his advices.
6. All of the Lecturers in English Education Department of Teacher Training and
Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University.
7. Sri Rejeki as the journalist of Kompas Newspaper for facilitating the writer in
doing the research.
8. All of the writer in rubric opini Kompas newspaper for participating well in
this research.
9. Her gorgeous Mom and Dad for their everlasting love and ultimate
motivator to me throughout my life; her little brother Kurniawan Agil
Fahriza for his laughing and sweetest cheers; also her whole family for their
undying support, their unwavering belief that she can achieve so much.
10. All of her friends in Qualification Class 2011 English Education Department
of Sebelas Maret University for wonderful friendship.
11. All of her friends in Wisma Kartini 2 and Wisma Putri Shima 2 Jebres
Surakarta for the encouragement in every daily life.
commit to user
iii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
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12. Everyone who has been a great source of motivation and inspiration. in the
completion of this thesis writing.
Finally, the writer realizes that the thesis is far from being perfect as she has
limitation as human being. However, she hopes that this thesis can contribute both
theoretically and practically to the development of English language teaching field.
Surakarta,
Juli 2013
Adisty Arumawanti
commit to user
iv
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TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE OF PAGE ......................................................................................
i
PRONOUNCEMENT ...............................................................................
ii
THE APPROVAL OF THE CONSULTANTS ......................................
iii
THE APPROVAL OF THE EXAMINERS............................................
iv
ABSTRACT .............................................................................................
v
ABSTRAK
.............................................................................................
vi
MOTTO
.............................................................................................
vii
DEDICATION...........................................................................................
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT ...........................................................................
xi
LIST OF APPENDICES ..........................................................................
xiii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study .......................................
1
B. Problem Limitation................................................
8
C. Problem Formulation.............................................
8
D. The Objective of the Research ..............................
9
E. The Benefit of the Study.......................................
9
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. The Theory of Language Contact, Overview of
Bilingualism, Definition of Code Switching,
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Definition of Code Mixing, and Definition of
Newspaper
A.
The Definition of Language Contact ...........
10
B.Bilingual and Bilingualism ...............................
12
C.Code Switching
1. Notion of Code Switching ..........................
17
2. The Background of Code Switching ..........
20
The Purpose of Code Switching...................
22
E.Code Mixing .....................................................
23
F. Newspaper ........................................................
25
D.
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. The Method of The Study......................................
28
B. The Subject of The Research.................................
29
C. Technique of Collecting the Data..........................
32
D. Technique of Analyzing the Data..........................
32
CHAPTER IV. RESULT OF THE STUDY
A. The Procedure of the Research..............................
35
A. 1. Collecting Data ............................................
37
A. 2. Reducing the Data ........................................
42
B. Counting the Data
B.1. The Form of Code Switching and Code
Mixing..........................................................
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68
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B.2. The Frequency of Forms of Code
Switching and Code Mixing ........................
69
C. The Background of Using Code Switching and
Code Mixing .........................................................
69
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion.............................................................
72
B. Implication.............................................................
73
C. Suggestion .............................................................
75
BIBLIOGRAPHY
......................................................................
77
APPENDICES
......................................................................
81
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A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON ENGLISH INDONESIAN
CODE SWITCHING IN THE OPINION RUBRIC OF KOMPAS
NEWSPAPER
Arranged by:
ADISTYARUMAWANTI
X2211002
THESIS
Submitted to Teacher Training and Education Faculty of
Sebelas Maret University as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Gaining the Undergraduate Degree of English Education
commit to user
i
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2013
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ABSTRACT
AdistyArumawanti. X2211002. “A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON ENGLISH
INDONESIAN CODE SWITCHING IN THE OPINION RUBRIC OF KOMPAS
NEWSPAPER”.Athesis. Surakarta: Teacher Training and Education Faculty of
SebelasMaret University, July 2013.
The aims of the research are: (1) to identify the form of English Indonesian code
switching and code mixing which are used in the opinion rubric ofKompas Newspaper (2) to
describe the background of using English Indonesian code switching and code mixing in the
opinion rubric of Kompas Newspaper.
The method used in this research is descriptive; it is designed to analyze the forms
and the background of using English Indonesian code switching and code mixing in the
opinion rubric of Kompas Newspaper. The research was conducted on Kompas Newspaper in
March-April 2013 editions. It included four important stages namely collecting data, reducing
the data, presenting the data, and verification. There was connection before, during, and after
collecting the data to make general concepts of “analysis”. Each stage consisted of different
steps. The data were taken from primary data which were directly got from main sources.
Those were sorting and classifying the data including English Indonesian code switching and
code mixing written by students, university students, teachers, and lecturers. To support the
data, she also used the second primary data; conducting interview and giving questionnaire to
the students, university students, teachers, and lecturers. The qualitative data were analyzed
using Interactive Model and the types of activity analysis and data collection itself were
cyclical and interactive process.
The research findings show that the forms of English Indonesian code switching and
code mixing, sentences, phrases, words are almost applied in the opinion rubric of Kompas
newspaper but each form has different percentage. During March-April editions, the writer
find 52 items of words, 149 items of phrases, and 8 items of sentences written by the
students, university students, teachers, and lecturers. It describes the use of phrase is the
highest in the opinion rubric of Kompas newspaper with the frequency is 72.29 %. It is
followed by word appearance with 24.88 % and 3.82 % of sentences. There are five
backgrounds influencing the use of English Indonesian code switching and code mixing in
the opinion rubric of Kompas newspaper in March and April 2013 edition written by
students, university students, teachers, and lecturers. Those are context and situation, who
speak to whom, the member of the parties or social groups, the relationship between the
speaker and the addresses, and the last reason for people use code switching and code mixing
is for specific purpose includes national and ethnicity solidarity.
The researcher hopes that the finding of this research can enrich the teachers and
students understanding the use of English Indonesian code switching and code mixing that
they do unconsciously and enrich the knowledge and experience for other researchers and
readers.
commit to user
v
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
ABSTRAK
AdistyArumawanti. X2211002.“STUDI DESKRIPTIF PADA PENGGUNAAN ALIH
BAHASA INGGRIS INDONESIA DI RUBRIK PENDAPAT KORAN KOMPAS.
Skripsi. Surakarta: FakultasKeguruandanIlmuPendidikanUniversitasSebelasMaret, Juli 2013.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) untuk mengidentifikasi bentukalihbahasa dan
campur bahasa Inggris Indonesia yang digunakan dalam rubric pendapat koran Kompas dan
(2) mendeskripsikan latar belakang penggunaan alih bahasa dan campur bahasa Inggris
Indonesia dalam rubric pendapat koran Kompas.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif, yang
dirancang untuk menganalisis bentuk dan latar belakang penggunaaan alih bahasa dan
campur bahasa Inggris Indonesia di dalam rubric pendapat koran Kompas. Penelitian ini
dilakukan dari bulan Maret hingga April 2013. Ada empat tahap penting dalam penelitian ini
yaitu pengumpulan data, pengurangan data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi. Pengumpulan data
itu saling berkesinambungan, yakni sebelum, selama, dan setelah pengumpulan data selesai
untuk membuat sebuah “analisis”. Setiap tahap terdiri dari langkah-langkah yang berbeda.
Data diambildari data primer yang langsung didapatkan dari sumber utama, yakni rubrik
pendapat koran Kompas yang kemudian dipilih dan dikelompokkan ke dalam pendapat yang
hanyaditulisolehsiswa, mahasiswa, guru, dan dosen. Selain itu, penulis juga menggunakan
data primer kedua, yang didapatdarimelakukanwawancaradanmemberikan kuesioner kepada
penulis di rubric pendapat koran Kompas, yaitu kepada siswa, mahasiswa, guru, dan dosen.
Data kualitatif dianalisis dengan menggunakan Model Interaktif dengan jenis analisis dan
pengumpulan data yang bersifat siklis dan interaktif.
Penemuan peneliti menunjukkan bahwa bentuk alih bahasa dan campur bahasa
Inggris Indonesia yang ada di rubric pendapat koran Kompas adalah dalam bentuk frase, kata,
dan kalimat. Masing-masing bentuk memiliki persentase yang berbeda. Selama edisi Maret
hingga April 2013, penulis menemukan 52 jenis campur bahasa dalam bentuk kata, 149 jenis
campur bahasa dalam bentuk frase, dan 8 jenis alih bahasa dalam bentuk kalimat yang ditulis
oleh siswa, mahasiswa, guru, dandosen. Ini menggambarkan penggunaan frase adalah yang
tertinggi dan paling sering digunakan dalam rubric pendapat koran Kompas dengan frekuensi
sebesar 71.29 %. Diikuti dengan kata 24.88 % dan kalimat 3.82 %. Selain itu, peneliti juga
menyimpulkan bahwa ada lima alasan yang mempengaruhi seseorang menggunakan alih dan
campur bahasa di dalam rubric pendapat koran Kompas pada bulan Maret hingga April 2013
yang ditulis oleh pelajar, mahasiswa, guru, dandosen. Mereka adalah konteks dan situasi,
pembicara dan lawan bicara, anggota suatu kelompok sosial, hubungan antara pembicara dan
dan lawan bicara, dan alasan terakhir bagi orang-orang menggunakan alih bahasa dan campur
bahasa adalah untuk menunjukkan rasa nasionalitas dan solidaritas .
Peneliti berharap bahwa hasil dari penelitian ini dapat memperkaya pemahaman guru
dan siswa mengenai penggunaan alih bahasa dan campur bahasa Inggris Indonesia yang
sering mereka gunakan secara tidak sadar dan menambah pengetahuan dan pengalaman bagi
pembaca.
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vi
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
MOTTO
Dream, Work, and Make it happens
(Agnes Monica)
Never put any limitation since you want to start something, but if
you have done you know your limitation
(Reza M. Syarief)
Janganlah memeperhatikan kesalahan dan hal hal yang telah atau
belum dikerjakan oleh orang lain, tetapi perhatikan apa yang
telah dikerjakan danapa yang belum dikerjakan oleh diri sendiri
(Siddharta Gautama)
commit to user
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
EDICATION
This Thesis is dedicated to:
My gorgeous father
My greatest mother
commit
user brother
Myto little
ii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, praise to Allah the Almighty for letting her to finish this
thesis as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for gaining the Undergraduate Degree
of Education in English Education Department of SebelasMaret University Surakarta. The
writer also wishes to express her deepest gratitude to:
1. Prof. Dr. M. FurqonHidayatullah, M.Pd, the Dean of Teacher Training and
Education Faculty, for giving the writer permission to write the thesis.
2. Dr. M. Rohmadi, S.S., M.Hum, the Head of the Art and Language Education
Department, who gave the writer permission to write the thesis.
3. EndangSetyaningsih, S.Pd, M.Hum, the Head of the English Education
Department, who gave the writer permission to write the thesis
4. Drs. Siswantoro, M.Hum, as the writer’s first consultant and Dr. Abdul Azib,
M.Pd, as the writer’s second consultant for their guidance, advice,
encouragement and time from beginning up to the completion of this thesis
writing.
5. Drs. Suparno, M.Pd., as her Academic Consultant for his advices.
6. All of the Lecturers in English Education Department of Teacher Training and
Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University.
7. Sri Rejeki as the journalist of Kompas Newspaper for facilitating the writer in
doing the research.
8. All of the writer in rubric opini Kompas newspaper for participating well in
this research.
9. Her gorgeous Mom and Dad for their everlasting love and ultimate
motivator to me throughout my life; her little brother Kurniawan Agil
Fahriza for his laughing and sweetest cheers; also her whole family for their
undying support, their unwavering belief that she can achieve so much.
10. All of her friends in Qualification Class 2011 English Education Department
of Sebelas Maret University for wonderful friendship.
11. All of her friends in Wisma Kartini 2 and Wisma Putri Shima 2 Jebres
Surakarta for the encouragement in every daily life.
commit to user
iii
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
12. Everyone who has been a great source of motivation and inspiration. in the
completion of this thesis writing.
Finally, the writer realizes that the thesis is far from being perfect as she has
limitation as human being. However, she hopes that this thesis can contribute both
theoretically and practically to the development of English language teaching field.
Surakarta,
Juli 2013
Adisty Arumawanti
commit to user
iv
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE OF PAGE ......................................................................................
i
PRONOUNCEMENT ...............................................................................
ii
THE APPROVAL OF THE CONSULTANTS ......................................
iii
THE APPROVAL OF THE EXAMINERS............................................
iv
ABSTRACT .............................................................................................
v
ABSTRAK
.............................................................................................
vi
MOTTO
.............................................................................................
vii
DEDICATION...........................................................................................
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT ...........................................................................
xi
LIST OF APPENDICES ..........................................................................
xiii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study .......................................
1
B. Problem Limitation................................................
8
C. Problem Formulation.............................................
8
D. The Objective of the Research ..............................
9
E. The Benefit of the Study.......................................
9
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. The Theory of Language Contact, Overview of
Bilingualism, Definition of Code Switching,
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v
perpustakaan.uns.ac.id
digilib.uns.ac.id
Definition of Code Mixing, and Definition of
Newspaper
A.
The Definition of Language Contact ...........
10
B.Bilingual and Bilingualism ...............................
12
C.Code Switching
1. Notion of Code Switching ..........................
17
2. The Background of Code Switching ..........
20
The Purpose of Code Switching...................
22
E.Code Mixing .....................................................
23
F. Newspaper ........................................................
25
D.
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. The Method of The Study......................................
28
B. The Subject of The Research.................................
29
C. Technique of Collecting the Data..........................
32
D. Technique of Analyzing the Data..........................
32
CHAPTER IV. RESULT OF THE STUDY
A. The Procedure of the Research..............................
35
A. 1. Collecting Data ............................................
37
A. 2. Reducing the Data ........................................
42
B. Counting the Data
B.1. The Form of Code Switching and Code
Mixing..........................................................
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vi
68
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digilib.uns.ac.id
B.2. The Frequency of Forms of Code
Switching and Code Mixing ........................
69
C. The Background of Using Code Switching and
Code Mixing .........................................................
69
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion.............................................................
72
B. Implication.............................................................
73
C. Suggestion .............................................................
75
BIBLIOGRAPHY
......................................................................
77
APPENDICES
......................................................................
81
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