WISDOM VERSUS MATERIAL ACHIEVEMENT REFLECTED IN DAN BROWN’S THE LOST SYMBOL NOVEL (2009): Wisdom Versus Material Achievement Reflected In Dan Brown's The Last Symbol Novel (2009) : A Psychoanalytic Criticism.
WISDOM VERSUS MATERIAL ACHIEVEMENT REFLECTED
IN DAN BROWN’S THE LOST SYMBOL NOVEL (2009):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted As a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
ZURAIDAH AZ ZAHROH
A320 070 215
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION AND TEACHER TRAINING
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2012
APPROVAL
WISDOM VERSUS MATERIAL ACHIEVEMENT REFLECTED IN DAN
BROWN’S THE LOST SYMBOL NOVEL (2009): A PSYCHOANALYTIC
CRITICISM
RESEARCH PAPER
by:
ZURAIDAH AZ ZAHROH
A320 070 215
Approved to be Examined by the Consultant Team:
Consultant I,
Drs. M. Thoyibi, M.S.
NIK. 410
Consultant II,
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed.
NIK. 772
ii
ACCEPTANCE
WISDOM VERSUS MATERIAL ACHIEVEMENT REFLECTED IN DAN
BROWN’S THE LOST SYMBOL NOVEL (2009): A PSYCHOANALYTIC
CRITICISM
RESEARCH PAPER
Prepared and Arranged by:
ZURAIDAH AZ ZAHROH
A320 070 215
Accepted By the Board of Examiners School of Teacher Training and
Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta on March 2012
1. Drs. M. Thoyibi, M.S.
(
)
2. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum M. Ed.
(
)
3. Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M. Hum.
(
)
Approved by:
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Dean,
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M. Si.
NIK. 547
iii
TESTIMONY
Herewith, I testify that in this research paper, there is no plagiarism of the
previous literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degree of a
university, nor there are opinions or masterpieces which have been written or
published by others, except those which the writing are in the manuscript and
mentioned in literature review and bibliography.
Hence, later, if it is proven that there are some untrue statements in his
testimony, hence, I will hold fully responsibility.
Surakarta, March 2012
The researcher,
Zuraidah Az Zahroh
NIM: A320 070 215
iv
MOTTO
“kejarlah akhiratmu, maka dunia akan mengejarmu”
“Change the world by change yourself first”
“Which then of the bounties of your Lord will you deny?” (Ar Rahmaan: 13)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is proudly and whole heartedly dedicated to:
The writer’s beloved parents
The writer’s lovely brother and sister
The writer’s beloved husband
The writer’s future
vi
ACKNOWLEGDMENT
Alhamdulillahirobbil’aalamiin, first of all, the writer would like to say thank to
the Greatest Allah SWT as the glorious, The Lord, and the Almighty, who has given
opportunity and bless for the researcher to finish this research. Greetings and invocation
are presented to the prophet Muhammad SAW, who has guided mankind to the right
path blessed by the Lord.
The writer would like to express her sincere gratitude for all of people who give
contribution to make this research paper more completely. Without their contribution
the writer is likely impossible to finish it. Therefore, in this opportunity she would like
to express her special and deepest gratitude and appreciation to:
1. Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M. Si. As the dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, who has given the
legalization toward the research paper.
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S. as the head of English Department for giving permission to
conduct this research.
3. Drs. Maryadi M.A. as the academic consultant for the kindness and wonderful
guidance for the beginning of the study until end.
4. Drs. M. Thoyibi M.S. as the first consultant who has given a very helpful guidance,
advice, attention, and motivation from beginning up to the completing of the
research paper.
5. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed. As the second consultant for the
willingness to give advice about the weakness of this research paper.
6. All the lectures of English department of UMS who have given knowledge and
lecturing.
7. All the staffs of UMS for the services and helping.
vii
8. Her beloved parents, bapak and ibu, who always give supports, prays, and
everything for the good of the writer.
9. Her beloved little brother and little sister, Wildan and Shoffin, who always
inspire the writer to do good things.
10. Her uncle and all family, who always helps when the writer need it.
11. Her beloved husband, Ari, for giving everything to the writer.
12. Her all best friends in dormitory and campus Nofi, Aziz, Deny, Dinar, Gea, Ifah,
Wiwik, Ragil, Huda, Iin, and others. Thank you for the supports.
13. Last, but not least, those who cannot be mentioned one by one, who have supported
her to reach her dreams.
Deep down on the writer’s heart, she realized that this research paper is far from
perfection. The writer invites comments and suggestions from the readers for the
improvement of this research. However, the writer hopes this research paper will give
useful significance for the readers.
Surakarta, March 2012
The researcher,
Zuraidah Az Zahroh
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
PAGE OF TITLE ........................................................................................ i
APPROVAL ................................................................................................. ii
ACCEPTANCE ........................................................................................... iii
TESTIMONY ............................................................................................... iv
MOTTO ........................................................................................................ v
DEDICATION ............................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENT .............................................................................. ix
SUMMARY .................................................................................................. xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ............................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study ................................................................ 1
B. Previous Study ................................................................................ 7
C. Problem Statement.......................................................................... 8
D. Objective of the Study .................................................................... 8
E. Limitation of the Study ................................................................... 8
F. Benefit of the Study ........................................................................ 8
G. Research Method ............................................................................ 9
H. Research Paper Organization ......................................................... 10
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY................................................ 11
A. Psychoanalytic Criticism ................................................................ 11
1. Notion of Psychoanalysis Theory ............................................. 11
2. Freudian Theory of Personality ................................................ 12
a. Three Systems of Personality ............................................. 13
1) Id ................................................................................... 13
2) Ego ................................................................................ 14
3) Superego ....................................................................... 15
b. Life and Death Instinct ....................................................... 16
1) Life Instinct................................................................... 16
2) Death Instinct ................................................................ 17
ix
B. Structural Elements of the Novel ................................................... 18
1. Character and Characterization ................................................ 18
2. Plot ............................................................................................ 19
3. Setting ....................................................................................... 20
4. Point of View ............................................................................ 20
5. Theme ....................................................................................... 20
6. Style .......................................................................................... 21
C. Theoretical Application .................................................................. 21
CHAPTER III: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ........................................... 22
A. Structural Elements ........................................................................ 22
1. Character and Characterization ................................................ 22
2. Setting ....................................................................................... 32
3. Plot ............................................................................................ 44
4. Point of View ............................................................................ 50
5. Style .......................................................................................... 51
6. Theme ....................................................................................... 54
B. Discussion....................................................................................... 54
CHAPTER IV: PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS................................. 58
A. Structure of Mal’akh Personality.................................................... 58
B. Death Instinct (Destructive Instinct) .............................................. 64
C. Discussion....................................................................................... 71
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ............................. 74
A. Conclusion ...................................................................................... 74
B. Suggestion ...................................................................................... 75
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFERENCES
APPENDIX
x
SUMMARY
ZURAIDAH AZ ZAHROH. A320070215. WISDOM VERSUS MATERIAL
ACHIEVEMENT REFLECTED IN DAN BROWN’S THE LOST SYMBOL
NOVEL (2009): PSYHOANALYTIC CRITICISM. RESEARCH PAPER.
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA.
This study attempts to explore the death instinct of the major character on
his purpose of life. The objective of the research is to analyze the major
character based on its structural elements and psychoanalytic perspective. In
analyzing the psychoanalytic aspects, the researcher applies the theory of
psychoanalysis proposed by Sigmund Freud.
The researcher employs the qualitative research as the type of the
research. The data sources are divide into two, primary data source and
secondary data source. The primary data source is The Lost Symbol novel
written by Dan Brown released in 2009. While the secondary data sources are
other materials taken from books and internet related to the study.
The results of this study are as follows. Firstly, Based in the structural
analysis, it is evident that Dan Brown wants to deliver that wealth without
wisdom is nothing. Secondly, based on the psychoanalytic analysis, Brown
clearly illustrates a psychological phenomenon called death instinct in which
most people in this world want to live longer. Finally, the psychoanalytic
analysis shows that material achievement is nothing without wisdom.
Key words: death instinct, the lost symbol, psychoanalytic criticism.
First consultant
second consultant
Drs. M. Thoyibi, M.S.
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed.
NIK. 410
NIK. 772
The Dean of School of Teacher Training
and Education
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M. Si.
NIK. 547
xi
IN DAN BROWN’S THE LOST SYMBOL NOVEL (2009):
A PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted As a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
ZURAIDAH AZ ZAHROH
A320 070 215
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION AND TEACHER TRAINING
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2012
APPROVAL
WISDOM VERSUS MATERIAL ACHIEVEMENT REFLECTED IN DAN
BROWN’S THE LOST SYMBOL NOVEL (2009): A PSYCHOANALYTIC
CRITICISM
RESEARCH PAPER
by:
ZURAIDAH AZ ZAHROH
A320 070 215
Approved to be Examined by the Consultant Team:
Consultant I,
Drs. M. Thoyibi, M.S.
NIK. 410
Consultant II,
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed.
NIK. 772
ii
ACCEPTANCE
WISDOM VERSUS MATERIAL ACHIEVEMENT REFLECTED IN DAN
BROWN’S THE LOST SYMBOL NOVEL (2009): A PSYCHOANALYTIC
CRITICISM
RESEARCH PAPER
Prepared and Arranged by:
ZURAIDAH AZ ZAHROH
A320 070 215
Accepted By the Board of Examiners School of Teacher Training and
Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta on March 2012
1. Drs. M. Thoyibi, M.S.
(
)
2. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum M. Ed.
(
)
3. Drs. Abdillah Nugroho, M. Hum.
(
)
Approved by:
School of Teacher Training and Education
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Dean,
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M. Si.
NIK. 547
iii
TESTIMONY
Herewith, I testify that in this research paper, there is no plagiarism of the
previous literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degree of a
university, nor there are opinions or masterpieces which have been written or
published by others, except those which the writing are in the manuscript and
mentioned in literature review and bibliography.
Hence, later, if it is proven that there are some untrue statements in his
testimony, hence, I will hold fully responsibility.
Surakarta, March 2012
The researcher,
Zuraidah Az Zahroh
NIM: A320 070 215
iv
MOTTO
“kejarlah akhiratmu, maka dunia akan mengejarmu”
“Change the world by change yourself first”
“Which then of the bounties of your Lord will you deny?” (Ar Rahmaan: 13)
v
DEDICATION
This research paper is proudly and whole heartedly dedicated to:
The writer’s beloved parents
The writer’s lovely brother and sister
The writer’s beloved husband
The writer’s future
vi
ACKNOWLEGDMENT
Alhamdulillahirobbil’aalamiin, first of all, the writer would like to say thank to
the Greatest Allah SWT as the glorious, The Lord, and the Almighty, who has given
opportunity and bless for the researcher to finish this research. Greetings and invocation
are presented to the prophet Muhammad SAW, who has guided mankind to the right
path blessed by the Lord.
The writer would like to express her sincere gratitude for all of people who give
contribution to make this research paper more completely. Without their contribution
the writer is likely impossible to finish it. Therefore, in this opportunity she would like
to express her special and deepest gratitude and appreciation to:
1. Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M. Si. As the dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, who has given the
legalization toward the research paper.
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S. as the head of English Department for giving permission to
conduct this research.
3. Drs. Maryadi M.A. as the academic consultant for the kindness and wonderful
guidance for the beginning of the study until end.
4. Drs. M. Thoyibi M.S. as the first consultant who has given a very helpful guidance,
advice, attention, and motivation from beginning up to the completing of the
research paper.
5. Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed. As the second consultant for the
willingness to give advice about the weakness of this research paper.
6. All the lectures of English department of UMS who have given knowledge and
lecturing.
7. All the staffs of UMS for the services and helping.
vii
8. Her beloved parents, bapak and ibu, who always give supports, prays, and
everything for the good of the writer.
9. Her beloved little brother and little sister, Wildan and Shoffin, who always
inspire the writer to do good things.
10. Her uncle and all family, who always helps when the writer need it.
11. Her beloved husband, Ari, for giving everything to the writer.
12. Her all best friends in dormitory and campus Nofi, Aziz, Deny, Dinar, Gea, Ifah,
Wiwik, Ragil, Huda, Iin, and others. Thank you for the supports.
13. Last, but not least, those who cannot be mentioned one by one, who have supported
her to reach her dreams.
Deep down on the writer’s heart, she realized that this research paper is far from
perfection. The writer invites comments and suggestions from the readers for the
improvement of this research. However, the writer hopes this research paper will give
useful significance for the readers.
Surakarta, March 2012
The researcher,
Zuraidah Az Zahroh
viii
TABLE OF CONTENT
PAGE OF TITLE ........................................................................................ i
APPROVAL ................................................................................................. ii
ACCEPTANCE ........................................................................................... iii
TESTIMONY ............................................................................................... iv
MOTTO ........................................................................................................ v
DEDICATION ............................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENT .............................................................................. ix
SUMMARY .................................................................................................. xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ............................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study ................................................................ 1
B. Previous Study ................................................................................ 7
C. Problem Statement.......................................................................... 8
D. Objective of the Study .................................................................... 8
E. Limitation of the Study ................................................................... 8
F. Benefit of the Study ........................................................................ 8
G. Research Method ............................................................................ 9
H. Research Paper Organization ......................................................... 10
CHAPTER II: UNDERLYING THEORY................................................ 11
A. Psychoanalytic Criticism ................................................................ 11
1. Notion of Psychoanalysis Theory ............................................. 11
2. Freudian Theory of Personality ................................................ 12
a. Three Systems of Personality ............................................. 13
1) Id ................................................................................... 13
2) Ego ................................................................................ 14
3) Superego ....................................................................... 15
b. Life and Death Instinct ....................................................... 16
1) Life Instinct................................................................... 16
2) Death Instinct ................................................................ 17
ix
B. Structural Elements of the Novel ................................................... 18
1. Character and Characterization ................................................ 18
2. Plot ............................................................................................ 19
3. Setting ....................................................................................... 20
4. Point of View ............................................................................ 20
5. Theme ....................................................................................... 20
6. Style .......................................................................................... 21
C. Theoretical Application .................................................................. 21
CHAPTER III: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ........................................... 22
A. Structural Elements ........................................................................ 22
1. Character and Characterization ................................................ 22
2. Setting ....................................................................................... 32
3. Plot ............................................................................................ 44
4. Point of View ............................................................................ 50
5. Style .......................................................................................... 51
6. Theme ....................................................................................... 54
B. Discussion....................................................................................... 54
CHAPTER IV: PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS................................. 58
A. Structure of Mal’akh Personality.................................................... 58
B. Death Instinct (Destructive Instinct) .............................................. 64
C. Discussion....................................................................................... 71
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ............................. 74
A. Conclusion ...................................................................................... 74
B. Suggestion ...................................................................................... 75
BIBLIOGRAPHY
VIRTUAL REFERENCES
APPENDIX
x
SUMMARY
ZURAIDAH AZ ZAHROH. A320070215. WISDOM VERSUS MATERIAL
ACHIEVEMENT REFLECTED IN DAN BROWN’S THE LOST SYMBOL
NOVEL (2009): PSYHOANALYTIC CRITICISM. RESEARCH PAPER.
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA.
This study attempts to explore the death instinct of the major character on
his purpose of life. The objective of the research is to analyze the major
character based on its structural elements and psychoanalytic perspective. In
analyzing the psychoanalytic aspects, the researcher applies the theory of
psychoanalysis proposed by Sigmund Freud.
The researcher employs the qualitative research as the type of the
research. The data sources are divide into two, primary data source and
secondary data source. The primary data source is The Lost Symbol novel
written by Dan Brown released in 2009. While the secondary data sources are
other materials taken from books and internet related to the study.
The results of this study are as follows. Firstly, Based in the structural
analysis, it is evident that Dan Brown wants to deliver that wealth without
wisdom is nothing. Secondly, based on the psychoanalytic analysis, Brown
clearly illustrates a psychological phenomenon called death instinct in which
most people in this world want to live longer. Finally, the psychoanalytic
analysis shows that material achievement is nothing without wisdom.
Key words: death instinct, the lost symbol, psychoanalytic criticism.
First consultant
second consultant
Drs. M. Thoyibi, M.S.
Dr. Phil. Dewi Candraningrum, M. Ed.
NIK. 410
NIK. 772
The Dean of School of Teacher Training
and Education
Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M. Si.
NIK. 547
xi