The Juvenile Delinquency Portrayed In Nicholas Sparks’ Novel The Last Song

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THE JUVENILE DELINQUENCY PORTRAYED IN

NICHOLAS SPARKS’ NOVEL

THE LAST SONG

A THESIS

BY

ZEAN EVELYN

REG. NO. 120721015

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN 2015

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THE JUVENILE DELINQUENCY PORTRAYED IN NICHOLAS

SPARKS’ NOVEL

THE LAST SONG

A THESIS

BY

ZEAN EVELYN

REG. NO. 120721015

SUPERVISOR

CO-SUPERVISOR

Dra. Siti Norma Nasution, M.HumDra. Diah Rahayu Pratama

NIP. 19570720 198303 2 001 NIP. 19561214 198601 2 001

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN 2015

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3 Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.

Head, Secretary,

Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MSRahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D.

Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.

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4 The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on

Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara

Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA NIP.19511013 197603 1 001

Board of Examiners

Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS ...

Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D. ... Dra. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum ...

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AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I, ZEAN EVELYN DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.

Signed :

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ii COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

NAME : ZEAN EVELYN

TITLE OF THESIS : THE JUVENILE DELINQUENCY PORTRAYED

IN NICHOLAS SPARKS’ NOVEL THE LAST

SONG

QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA

DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH

I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.

Signed :

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iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I would like to thank to my Father, Jesus Christ, for all the blessing and gives me health, strength, and inspiration to finish this thesis as one of requirements to finish my study at English Department, University of Sumatera Utara.

Special thanks go to my amazing parents, Gideon Toruan and J. Nainggolan, for supporting, loving, caring, praying, and believing in me. Thanks to my beloved siblings, Lady Artha and Rizky David, thanks for your advices and prays. I love you both! Thanks to my lovely fiance, Gading Stephanus L. Tobing, thanks for your supports, advices, prays and loves. I’m sorry for making you mad all the time. I do love ya!

I would like to thank to Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A., as the Dean of Faculty of Culture Studies, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar as the head of English Department, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. as the secretary of English Department. Dra. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum as my supervisor and Dra. Diah Rahayu Pratama as my co-supervisor. Thanks for correcting my thesis and teaching me to finish this thesis.

Thanks to my bestfriend Harry Prabowo, Martha Christina, Aldhiko Yendie, Novita Sari, and Anna Octora for supporting me. I love y’all. I also thank to my roomates in Kuala Tanjung, Ruri and Ica for sharing with me. Thanks to all my friends in English Department for helping me to finish this thesis.

Thanks to BNI Kuala Tanjung, especially to Juma Indra as my leader, for giving me two days off. For my co-workers in BNI Kuala Tanjung, thanks for nothing.

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iv In the end, i would like to thank everyone who has helped me in the making of this thesis.

Medan, 29 April 2015

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ABSTRAK

Skripsi yang berjudul The Juvenile Delinquency in Nicholas Sparks’ Novel The Last Songini membahas tentang kenakalan-kenakalan remaja melalui karakter-karakter yang terdapat di dalam novel tersebut. Novel adalah sebuah karya prosa fiksi yang panjang, lebih panjang dari cerita pendek atau fiksi yang menengah panjang, yang disebut roman atau novel. Penulis memilih untuk menganalisis kenakalan remaja di novel ini karena di dalam novel ini terdapat beberapa kenakalan remaja yang sangat sering terjadi belakangan ini. Novel ini menceritakan tentang Ronnie Miller seorang gadis pemarah yang hidup terpisah dari ayahnya dikarenakan oleh perceraian kedua orangtuanya. Di dalam novel inidapatditemukantigakenakalan-kenakalanremaja yang pentinguntukdibahas. Dari novel

inidapatdisimpulkanbahwakenakalan-kenakalanremajatersebutdiakibatkanolehrumahtangga yang tidakharmonis (perceraian). Dalam mengerjakan penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif.

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ABSTRACT

The thesis entitled The Juvenile Delinquency in Nicholas Sparks’ Novel The Last Songis discuss about juvenile delinquencies through the characters in the novel. novel is an extended work of prose fiction, longer than a short story or a medium-length fiction, called a novelette or novella. The writer chooses to analyze the juvenile delinquencies in this novel because there are some juvenile delinquencies that happened these days. This novel tells a story about Ronnie Miller, a grumpy girl who lives apart from her father because of her parents’ divorce. In this novel, there are three juvenile delinquencies that are important to discussed. And from this novel, we can conclude that juvenile delinquencies are caused by a broken family (divorce). In analyzing this thesis, the writer uses qualitative descriptive method.

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vii

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ... i

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ... ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... iii

ABSTRAK ... v

ABSTRACT ... vi

TABLE OF CONTENT ... vii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study ... 1

1.2 Problem of the Study ... 5

1.3 Objective of the Study ... 5

1.4 Scope of the Study ... 5

1.5 Significance of the Study ... 6

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Juvenile Delinquency ... 7

2.2 Juvenile Delinquency definitions...8

2.3 Difference between Crime and Juvenile Delinquency...10

2.4 Factors that increase juvenile delinquency...12

2.5 Factors that help protect juveniles from risk of delinquency...12

2.6 Novel...13

2.7Character...15

CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH 3.1 Data... 18

3.2 Collecting Data Technique ... 18

3.3 Analysis Data Method ... 18

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CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING

4.1 Drugs Use ... 20

4.2 Theft ... 22

4.3 Violence ... 24

4.4 Broken Family ... 26

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion ... 28

5.2 Suggestion ... 30

REFERENCES ... 31

APPENDICES

1. BIOGRAPHY OF THE AUTHOR 2. SUMMARY OF THE NOVEL

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ABSTRAK

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ABSTRACT

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1Background ofthe Study

The analysis is about the juvenile delinquency in The Last Song novel that written by Nicholas Sparks.This novel expresses social phenomenon and human feeling in certain society, so it fits the definition given by Welleck. Welleck (1981:2) says, “Literature is identical with word through the expression of human feeling, imaginative process, and creativity.” Literature is made to express and communicate the feeling of the author through imaginative process which needs creativity.

A literary work exists because of society. In other words, the existence of literary work is influenced by the condition and phenomenon in society either in politic, social, religion, economy, and culture. Therefore, literary work is the reflection of the real life. It can describe the events in our life, and also contains the cultural and social background which indicates that literature and society is closely related because literature expresses the situations and problems exist in society.

Roberts and Jacobs (1995:2) say, “Literature is classified into four genres: prose fiction, drama, and nonfiction prose.” From the four genres, the writer chooses to discuss the prose fiction, exactly on novel. Fiction is distinguished from the works it imitates, such as historical accounts, reports, biographies, autobiographies, letters, and personal meoirs and meditations. Novel is an extended work of prose fiction, longer than a short story or a medium-length fiction, called a novelette or novela.

Peck and Coyle (1998:102) say, “Most people are concerned with ordinary people and their problems in the societies in which they find themselves. Some of novels are fictions and some based on true stories.” That novels are entertained and also

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2 give messages to the readers. It can also impress the readers. In recent times, novel is not only as a reading material to spend time or to entertain. Novel as a reading material contains full of knowledge and stories. The content can be analyzed from literary works or structure. Watson (1979: 3) says, “Novel is the name of a literary kind, and there is a story to tell about how, over the centuries, its substance has widened and its conventions changed.”

Social problem novel, also called problem novel or social novel, work of fiction in which a prevailing social problem, such as gender, race, or class prejudice, is dramatized through its effect on the characters of a novel. There are many kinds of social problems: juvenile delinquency, violence, crime and criminals, mental illness, poverty, discrimination, the changing family, and many more. In this analysis, the writer will discuss about social problems, especially juvenile delinquency.

Juvenile delinquency is offenses that are done by young people, whether it is intentional or unconsciously by teenagers. It increases anxiety in adolescence, because of this, many young people fall into negative actions. World Youth Report (2003:189) says, “Juvenile delinquency is criminal behaviours among young people, as they negotiate the transition from childhood to adulthood in an increasingly complex and confusing world.”

Juvenile delinquency is prevalent in any society. There are so many causes which enable the teenagers do the negative things or inappropriate from the rules that exist in society. In developing country such as Indonesia, delinquency can occur due to lack of attention from family, unfavorable environment, bad economy, lack of knowledge about social life and many more.

Novels have significant elements: character, plot, structure, and theme. This analysis will focus on the characters in The Last Song. Characters in novel can affect the

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3 reader and can give positive or negative impacts. Karl (1976:238) says, “Character is of interest for the personal reason that we want to see how other people live, how they make decision and react to responsibility, how they pursue their goal. We measure ourselves by them. Think of characters in stories and novels as real people, and then your imagination go.”

In The Last Song, the main character, Veronica “Ronnie” Miller, became bad since her parents’ divorce, her life was turned upside down; she did many bad things.Ronnie lived with her mother and a younger brother, Jonah.Her father moved to Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina. She lost a father figure. Three years later, she remains alienated from her parents, particularly her father, Steve Miller.

Then, her mother decides it would bein everyone's best interest if she and her brother spent the summer with Steve. Resentful and rebelious, Ronnie rejects her father’s attempts to reach out to her and threatens to return to New York before the summer’s end. But soon Ronnie meets Will, the last person she thought she would ever be attracted to, and finds herself falling for him, opening herself up to greatest happiness and pain that she has ever known.Juvenile delinquency is happened because of many factors that influence a person. It also can be prevented. So it is important to be known and learned.

The witer is interested to analyze the juvenile delinquency of a novel that written by Nicholas Sparks, because the writer likes reading his novels. His novels have great story that contains values of daily life. The readers can take the lessons about juvenile delinquency from the experience of the characters in The LastSong.The writer will give explanation about that through the Nicholas Sparks’ novel that young generation may learn from other experience.

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4 Nicholas Sparks is a famous author. He was born on December 31, 1965, in Omaha, Nebraska. He is an internationally bestseller American novelist and screenwriter. The Last Song is one of his best novels. He has published 16 novels, with theme including cancer, death pirates, and love. Six of his novels have been made into films. Most people in all over the world have read it or seen it in the cinema.

There are two common ways to analyze a literary work, they are intrinsic approach and extrinsic approach. The intrinsic approach is an approach which analyze literary work based on the text and structural and points of literary work which consisted theme, setting, plot, character, style, and point of view. The focus in analysis is the character. Person’s character can bee seen from three aspects, namely through: character dialogue, character description, and depiction of physical character.Element that are outside of literature, but it doesn’t directly affect the structure or organism system literature is extrinstic elements. They are include the values in the story (religious, cultural, political, economic), background of the author’s life, and the social situation when the story was invented). The focus of this analysis is the social problems.

In analyzing the topic, the writer uses a theory as the basic of research, that is sociology of literature. Sociology of literature is the way of understanding literature through society. By using the theory, we can undestand the element of society in the novel, then we can relate them with the realities in the real world.Swingewood (1972:12) says, “Nevertheless, they caution that, as art, literature goes beyond a purely descriptive and scientific analysis of society, penetrating the surface of social life to show the ways in which men and women experience society as feeling.”

The writer uses descriptive qualitative method in this analysis.This methode is used to outline and describe the symptoms found in the research object. Based on the

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5 method that have been choosen, then the results of this study will be a qualitative descriptive, it means that the data only obtained in the words form not as numbers.

1.2Problem of the Study

In this thesis, the writer wants to analyze the juvenile delinquencies that done by the characters and its causes. There are two problems that need to be solved.

The problems are:

1. What are the kinds ofjuvenile delinquency that found inThe Last Song

through the characters?

2. What is the causeof the juvenile delinquency?

1.3Objective of the Study

The objectives that are intended to be stated are:

1. To explain and analyze the kinds ofjuvenile delinquency in The Last Song

through the characters.

2. To explain the causeof the juvenile delinquency.

1.4Scope of the Study

The writer is interested to discuss about juvenile delinquency, because it is often happened these days. The writer limits the topic by only disscusing about juvenile delinquency in a novel The Last Song written by Nicholas Sparks through its characters, such as drugs use, theft, andviolence.

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6 1.5Significance of the Study

This thesis could give some information and explanation about juvenile delinquency, especially the juvenile delinquency that are contained in The Last Song

novel. It is important to learned, so that, the reader can take lessons from the experience of the characters in this novel. The writer hope that this thesis can be useful for the readers, especially for those who are interested in this subject.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 Juvenile Delinquency

Juveniles are young people who are in the transitional period. Lack of intimacy, lack of parental involvement, lack of guidance, lack of parental attachment, blaming, and anger can lead to delinquent behavior among juveniles. According to Steinberg (1990) “Adolescence is a transitional period of development from childhood to adulthood with evident biological and emotional changes. These changes bring transformation and reorganization in family relationships.”There are number of factors which play an important part in the juvenile delinquencies. They are family, neighbour hood, slums, peer groups, school environment, movies, T.V, radios, work environment, poverty, mass media and many more.

Delinquencyproblemsbegan to receivepublic attentionparticularlysince the establishment ofjusticeforjuvenile delinquents(juvenile court) in 1899inIllinois, USA.Everyday we read or hear of crimes committed by juveniles. Fromall of the press we see and hear concerning juvenile crime, one mightwonder if all of our nation’s youth are into crime, whether or notthey have been arrested.While it is true thatmany young people are using and/or selling drugs and committing seriouscrimes.However, there are cases of juveniles committing serious crimes.Juvenile delinquency included only serious criminal activity.While delinquency does includecrimes, it also includes a variety of other behaviors that are not criminal. Examples of such offenses include running away from home, truancy fromschool, and disobeying the lawful commands of

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8 parents or legal guardians.These acts are often referred to as status offenses, which refers to the conditionof the person’s age at the time the offense was committed. Usually the maximum age for juvenile court jurisdiction is 18. Thornton and Voigt (1992: 15) say, “Status offenders are children who violate no criminal law but engage in offensive behavior. Status offenses involve a breach of morality or of a strong social norm.

Juvenile delinquency can be categorized into deviant behavior. In the perspective of a social deviant behavior occurs because there is a behavior deviation of various social rules or from values or social norms that apply. Deviant behavior can be regarded as the source of the problem because it may harm the establishment of a social system. The use of the concept of deviant behavior implicity implies that there is a path that that must be taken. Behavior that is not through the path have deverged.

2.2Juvenile delinquencies definitions

1. Legal definition of juvenile delinquency

Legal definition of juvenile delinquency does not confirm to its psychological definition, as from the legal viewpoint, a juvenile delinquent is a person between the age of 16 and 17 who indulges in anti social activity. In USA the Ohio code defines juvenile delinquency in some such manner as this; a juvenile delinquent is one who breaks the law, is a vagrant, persists in disobeying orders, whose behaviors endangers his own moral life of others or one who tries to marry without the consent of his parents. It may as well be pointed out that the age of the so called juvenile delinquents has not been similarly determined in all countries. It varies from country to country, but

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9 is within the usual limits of 16 and 20. Further juvenile or child means a person who has not completed eighteen years of age.

2. Psychological Definition of Juvenile Delinquency.

Differing from the legal definition of the controversial term, psychologists lay much emphasis upon the cause of juvenile delinquency in defining it. From the legal viewpoint all those who are not apprehended are not criminals, but from the psychological viewpoint all such offender also are criminals. Consequently, the psychological definition of juvenile delinquency is more comprehensive than its legal definition. According to the psychologists any end every child, of either sex, between the ages of 15 and 18, who commits a crime, irrespective of the fact that he is apprehended or not, is a juvenile delinquent. In this manner, juvenile delinquent is one who forcibly possesses the property of another or cause it damage, indulges in anti social activity, creates danger to another's life or hinders the activities of others, Hence a child who throws stones at a car and runs away one who sets fire without cause ,creates danger for the life of another just for the fun of it, are all juvenile delinquents, from the psychological viewpoint.

3. Sociological Definitions of Delinquency

According to Gillin and Gillin, Sociologically either a criminal or a juvenile delinquent is one who is guilty of an act believed by a group that has power to enforce its belief, to be injuries to society, and therefore prohibited. Albert Cohen, expressing his view on delinquency, Albert Cohen observed that the only possible definition of delinquency is one that relates to the behavior in question to same set of rules. Sociologically juvenile delinquency is that type of behavior pattern of children which is

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10 injuries to society of abnormality In which behavior pattern deviates from the normal. We may say criminal behavior, Therefore, when a juvenile below a specified age behaves in such a way which may prove dangerous to society or to himself, he is called a juvenile delinquent. Thus, juvenile delinquency is an antisocial behavior by a juvenile who is below a specified age.

2.3Difference between Crime and Juvenile Delinquency

1. Difference of age. The above description of juvenile delinquency makes it apparent that the main difference between a juvenile delinquent and a criminal is one of age but both indulge in antisocial activities working of both are subversive end hindering of social relationships. According to Dr. Haikerwal, from the social view point, crime or juvenile delinquency is a form of conduct that acts as an obstacle in the system of human relationships which are believed by society to be its fundamental condition. In this way if a criminal is below a certain specified age, he will be designated a juvenile delinquent.

2. Difference of actions. But sometimes criminal and juvenile delinquents differ not only in respect of their age, but also in respect of the crimes that they commit. And in this connection, some actions that young men and children do, lead them to be regarded an juvenile delinquents even though their activities are not actually crimes. A classification as wide as juvenile delinquent can include the vagrant, cruel, obstinate or young boys who keep the company of thieves, dacoits, other vagrants and prostitutes, those who keep away from the house for long period of time without the permission of their parents and those who roam in the lonely streets late at night. It should be remembered here that such

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11 activities are speaking not illegal or infringing any legal. Hence, the juvenile delinquents who choose to act in these ways, cannot be included in the same class as ordinary criminals. another thing that sometimes is that the unemployed, unhoused and wandering child may be included in the category of juvenile delinquents along with the beggar, the farce being carried so far as to present the young persons before a court and to try to mend his way.

3. Difference of characteristics. Cohen has distinguished criminal from juvenile delinquents on the basis of the following distinguishing characteristics.

i) A juvenile's mischief is lacking in utility as he does things that do not benefit him in the least , such as roaming about in the streets without cause.On the other hand, the criminal acts with intents to gain something. Ajuvenile is sometimes even unaware of the objective of his own actions.

ii) Sometimes a juvenile commits a crime with only an intention to enjoyhimself and indulge his sense of humour. It finds expression in practicaljoking like breaking car glasses, putting boulders on railway tracks orpushing people into a pound of water just for the fun of it, a criminal doesnot find this a suitable mode of manifesting his sense of humour.

iii) The juvenile delinquent does not commit a crime on a preplanned and wellorganized basis. Briefly, criminals and juvenile delinquents are to bedistinguished by their difference of age, kinds of work, objective of activities,mode of working. Yet normally it is the difference in age alone that is consideredthe sole basis of marking distinction between the two classes.

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12 2.4 Factors that increase juvenile delinquency

1. Individual risk factors

- Early aggressive behavior towards others and animals. ` - Substance abuse.

-Association with antisocial or deliquent peers. 2. Family and community risk factors

- Childhood maltreatment. - Parental criminality. - Poverty.

These are some of the top indicators that a juvenile is more prone to delinquent acts. Spotting these risk factors and providing intervention early on, can greatly help reduce the negative effects of these risk factors.

2.5 Factors that help protect juveniles from risk of delinquency

These are just a few factors that will prevent juveniles from turning to delinquent acts even if they show risk factors for delinquency. These factors work because they provide juveniles with a positive role model, community, and family outlook.

1. Attachments to family and friends--with good attachments and positive role models juveniles are more apt to do the right thing so as not to disappoint those they are attached to.

2. Commitment to extra curricular activities or school--when juveniles are committed to positive activities they are more likely to protect their school and activities from other delinquents.

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13 3. Beliefs or values--teach juveniles in the way they should go. With positive role models and religious backgrounds juveniles are better apt to react in a positive way to stress and hard to mange situations.

4. Involvement--Juveniles involved in community and their schools are more apt to protect it from other delinquents. Those who have put time, energy, and are committed to their involvements are not going to want to see those activities and programs disappear because of delinquent peers.

2.6 Novel

Roberts (1993:1) says, “Literature refers to compositions that tell stories, dramatize situations, express emotions, and analyze and advocate ideas.” It is most commonly used to refer to works of the creative imagination, including works of poetry, drama, fiction, and nonfiction.

Eagleton (1983:1) says, “There have been various attempts to define literature. You can define it, for example, as “imaginative” writing in the sense of fiction-writing which is not really true. But even the briefest reflection on what people commonly include under the heading of literature suggests that this will do.” Literature as imaginative writing is reflected from people thought, that is not really true.

One of the fiction proses is novel. Novel is an extended work of prose fiction, longer than a short story or medium-length fiction, called novelette or novella. Watson (1979:3) says, “Novel is the name of a literary kind, and there is a story to tell about how, over the centuries, its substance has widened and its conversations changed.” It means that novel is literary work that narrate life story in centuries ago. Novels have

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14 significant elements: character, plot, setting, and theme. Watson (1979) says, “A novel is a way learning about how things were or are-cognitif instrument; and those who distruct stories as evidence should consider how often in conversation we use them to make points or answer question.”

Plot is a stories of events in a narrative that is carefully constructured by the author for artistic purpose, a series of related incidents that build upon one another as the story develops. Robert and Jacobs (1995:52) explain that, “The pattern in which the protagonist meets and resolves the conflict is called the plot, which has been compared to the story’s map, scheme, or blueprint.” Through the plot, the readers can see the development of character and the plot itself should be interesting and able to encourage the readers to turn the page continuously untill the end of the story. Plot (mythos) is the most important element of drama-more important than character. It is a beginning, a middle, and an end, and the events of the plot must causally relate to one another as being either necessary or probable. Plot also a narrative structure that divided a story into five parts, like the five acts of a play. These parts are: exposition (of the situation); rising action (through conflict); climax (or turning point); falling action; and resolution. We can learn about how things were or are-cognitif instrument from a novel.

Setting is the local and time of a story. Roberts and Jacobs (1955:187) says, “Setting is the natural, manufactured, political, cultural, and temporal environment, including everything that characters know and own.”

Theme is what author is trying to tell the readers. Theme is a controlling idea of literary work that is a general truth or commentary about life, people, and the world that is brought in a story. When we are trying to decide on theme, we have to consider the tittle of the story.

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15 Point of view is the speaker in the story. Roberts and Jacobs says, “Point of view refers to the position and stance of the voice, or speaker, that authors adopt for their works.” The speaker is the narrator, the author tell the story, expresses the feelings and attitudes, or describes what is happening to the characters.

Style of writing helps us indicate the tone. It is the manner in which the work is written. It is about the selection of words, sentence structure and narrative modes, all works together to present certain style.

2.7Character

Characters are the persons presented in works of narrative (such as a novel, drama, or film) who convey their personal qualities through dialogues and actions by which the reader or audience understand their thoughts, feelings, intentions, and motives.

Karl (1976:238) says, “Character of interest for the personal reason that we want to see how other people live, how they make decision and react to responsibility, how they pursue their goal. We measure ourselves by them. Think of characters in stories and novels as real people, and then your imagination go.” Characters in novel can affect the reader and can give positive or negative impacts. The character may win, lose, or tie. He or she may learn and be better for the experience or may miss the point and be unchanged.

E.M. Foster (1927) says, “There are two basic types of characters ‘round character’ and ‘flat character’.”

Round Character is that they recognize, change with, or adjust to circumstances. The round characters are usually the main figure in a story, profit from experience and undergoes a change or alternation, which may be shown in an action or actions, the

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16 realization of new strength and therefore the affirmation of previous decisions, the acceptance of a new condition, or the discovery of unrecognized truths.

The round character usually plays a major role in a story. Round characters are often called the hero or the heroine. Many main characters are anything but heroic, however, and it is therefore preferable to use the more neutral word protagonist. The protagonist is the central of the action, moves against an antagonist, and exhibits the ability to adapt to new circumstances.

Flat characters, in contrast, do not grow. They remain the same because they may be stupid or insensitive or lacking in knowledge or insight. They end where they begin and are static, not dynamic. But the flat characters are not therefore worthless, for they usually highlight the development of the round characters. Sometimes, the flat characters are prominent in certain types of literature, such as cowboy, police, and detective stories, where the focus is less on character than on performance. They must be strong, tough, and clever enough to perform recurring tasks like solving a crime, overcoming a villain, or finding a treasure. The term stock character refers to characters in these repeating situations. To the degree that stock characters have many common traits, they are representative of their class, or group. Such characters, with variations in names, ages, and sexes, have been constant in literature since the ancient Greeks. Some regular stock characters are the insentive father, the interfering mother, the sassy younger brother or sister, the greedy politican, the resourceful cowboy or detective, the overbearing or henpecked husband, the submissive or nagging wife, and the angry police captain.

Stock characters stay flat as long as they merely perform their roles and exhibit conventional and unindividual traits. When they posses no attitudes except those of their

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17 class, they are labeled stereotype, because they all seem to be cast from the same mold or printing matrix.

There are static character and dynamic character. Static character never changes. A loud, obnoxious “background” character who remains the same throughout the story is static. A boring character who is never changed by events is also static.

Dynamic character is unlike a static character, a dynamic character does change and grow as the story unfoids. Dynamic characters respond to events and experience a change in attitude or outlook.

In analyzing the topic, the writer uses a theory as the basic of research, that is sociology of literature. Sociology of literature is the way of understanding literature through society. By using the theory, we can undestand the element of society in the novel, then we can relate them with the realities in the real world. Swingewood (1972:12) says, “Nevertheless, they caution that, as art, literature goes beyond a purely descriptive and scientific analysis of society, penetrating the surface of social life to show the ways in which men and women experience society as feeling.”

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CHAPTER III

METHOD OF RESEARCH

3.1 Data

The source of the data of this thesis are from The Last Song novel. The writer reads some books which are relevant to the topic as guidance and references, which will be discussed later. The writer also browses data from the internet to get much more information.

3.2 Collecting Data Technique

After reading the novel and the books that are relevant to the topic, the writer selects some data which describe the juvenile delinquency from the characters say and do, then the data are interpreted and put in the form of quotations.

3.3 Analysis Data Method

In analyzing the topic, the writer uses descriptive qualitative method. According to Taylor and Bodgan (1989:3) say, “Research is a research process that produces descriptive data in the form of words written or spoken from the people and observed behavior.” This method is used to outline and describe the symptoms found in the research object. Based on the method that have been choosen, then the results of this study will be a qualitative descriptive, it means that the data only obtained in the words form not as numbers. So that, this analysis uses descriptive method in qualitative technique with extrinsic approach.

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19 3.4 The Scheme of the Analysis

Finding supported theories: Deciding the Problems of

the Analysis Data Source:

The Last Song

Conclusion

Method: Qualitative

Data:

Characters and Quotations from the text of the novel

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CHAPTER VI

ANALYSIS AND FINDING

4.1.Drugs use.

Juvenile drugs use is considered a major problem by manyexperts.Alcohol and cigarettes remain popular drugs among youth. Drug use among youth is primarily a social kindof behavior.According to Dembo (1998:33) “Young people use alcohol and drugs for a variety of reasons, including as a reaction to disturbed backgrounds and the influence of peers and societal attitudes.”Most often, youth are influenced by their peers in decisions touse drugs and in the kinds of drugs used. Of course, other factors play a rolein juvenile drug use, such as parental attitudes and behavior patterns, butpeer groups remain the single most important influence on juvenile drug use.

Drugs, alcohol, and smoking will give bad effects to the body and they can make the consumers addicted to them, then cause diseases. If the juveniles are accustomed to consume those kinds of thing, it can be ascertained what will happen later, their future will be destroyed.

Many people who have taken drugs say they saw it as a solution to a problem or barrier. But they ended up broken, failed and in deeper problems. Every person has problems or challenges in life. No one is perfect. Problems are part of life, and using drugs to solve a temporal problem is like creating a bigger problem to solve a little one.

In The Last Song novel. Ronnie as the main character is a teen who anti with those things, but different from her friends.

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21 She has friends who like smoking, drinking till they get drunk, and also consuming drugs, as quoted below:

“She wasn’t naive about drugs. Some of her friends smoke pot, a few did cocaine or ecstasy, and one even had a nasty meth habit. Everyone but her drank on the weekends. Every club and party she went to offered easy access to all of it.”Sparks (2010:35)

People who get into drugs get it from a friend's friend, who also got it from his friend's friend… and so on. At the end of this long line of friends is a dealer who is making money out of destroying young people futures. It is very bad.

Drug use come in many forms. People who consume drugs, chemicals or substances by swallowing, injecting, applying to skin, or any other way to enhance their looks, mood, performance, or influence their thinking is committing an act of drug abuse, because inevitably, it will have some very bad results sooner or later.

Each day more than two thousand youths try cigarettes for the first time. Some teens think smoking looks sexy or cool; others hope cigarettes will help them lose weight or make them seem independent. Girl teens usually smoke because of that reason. In this novel, Ronnie has a girl friend named Blaze. She usually smokes. ”Surprising her, Blaze was learning against the side of the booth, smoking a cigarette.”Sparks (2010:39).

Having parents who smoke is also likely to influence a teen’s decisionin favor of smoking. With their busy schedules, many teens todaysuffer from similar stresses and anxieties as adults. Many turnto cigarettes for the same reason adults do; nicotine has the samecalming effect on teen smokers as it does on adults. Cigarette advertising also encourages teens to smoke.

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22 The best treatmentstrategy thatis effective to the juveniles who smoke, drink alcohol, and consume drugs is the drug court, which combines treatment and punishment ingraded steps or phases

4.2Theft

Juvenile theft is a common of delinquent behavior that most children participate in at least once. For the majority of juveniles, the theft is merely an isolated incident. For a smaller population of juveniles, theft is a part of ‘fitting in’. Theft is a central part of a developing criminal lifestyle, and may continue to steal or commit other illegal activities as adults. Many of these delinquents will end up in jail or prison.

Juvenile theft is usually an early indicator of other problems. It is a symbolic way by which some juveniles display their unhappiness. Most of children know theft is wrong. But they commit this wrong act because it is a way openly expressing their confusion. They do not yet have the maturity to handle these problems in less impulsive and healtier ways.

Theft is one of the first delinquent acts juveniles commit. Young children tend to begin stealing at or near home by taking objects or money from family members, friends, neighbors or local stores. Theft also is larceny in such cases; stealing an item or property without force, violence, or fraud, shoplifting, and pocket picking.

According to Rhodes (2005:7) “Juvenile shoplifting is the theft of merchandise from stores during regular operating hours by individuals under age 18. Juvenile shoplifting is the most common form of juvenile theft.” In this novel, the main character, Veronica “Ronnie” Miller shoplifted something. I used to shoplift,” she said, subdued. “A lot. Nothing big, just more for the thrill of doing it.” Sparks (2010:85). Parents always want to understand why kids steal. But most juveniles can't explain

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23 themselves. In this novel, Ronnie did it not because she needed the thing, she even didn’t know why she did it. She just wanted to seek the thrill.The mood-enhancing effects of shoplifting are part of the appeal. The adrenaline of swiping an item coupled with the relief of getting away with it can make for an addictive high. But, Ronnie’s male friends stole money because they need money to buy some drugs, alcohol and cigarettes, as quoted below:

“Nowadays, they were the ones who stole the booze, the ones who beat the bald guy unconscious at the airport before taking his wallet, the ones who painted the swastikas on the synagogue.” Sparks (2010:48)

Ronnie had been caught because of her shoplifting. And it happened twice. But she confessed that the second one was an accident. Kim, Ronnie’s mother did not believe in her. She thought that her daughter was getting used to shoplift, as quoted below:

“It’s not the first time, which is the problem,” she confessed. “She admitted to stealing the bracelet last year, but this time, she said she was buying bunch of stuff at the drugstore and couldn’t hold it all, so she tucked the lipstick in her pocket. She paid for everything else, and when you see the video, it seems to be an honest mistake, but...”Sparks (2010:24)

In most places there are heavy penalties for it, including being arrested and possibly charged with a crime.The sooner a teen is caught for shoplifting, the sooner the teen’s behavior can be corrected before it becomes a habitual plunder down a winding path to nowhere.Because of her shoplifting, Ronnie went to court and the judge charged her for a year and if she do not get in trouble again, the charges will be dismissed, as quoted below:

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24 “If she doesn’t get into any more trouble it’ll be expunged from

her record. If she does it again, though...” She trailed off.” Sparks (2010:24)

Getting caught shoplifting can be a lot more serious than people may think. Some of the things that can happen to shoplifters, such as: they may be arrested and paraded through a store in handcuffs, they may face charges for theft, they may be banned from stores or malls, and people who have been arrested for shoplifting — especially if it's more than once — may end up with a criminal record. This can make it harder to get a job, get into college, or do the other things they want.

Juveniles who continue to steal, and who do not receive help in resolving their problems, can develop a negative pattern of behavior that may grow worse and result in more frequent and more serious delinquent acts. Parents need to be aware of their teen. Teaching children the value of honesty can be a great lesson learned as they grow throughout their life. When faced with the pressures to shoplift, they can remember their childhood experiences and would in turn refrain from stealing

4.3Violence

Juvenile violence refers to harmful behaviors that can start early and continue into young adulthood. The young person can be a victim, an offender, or a witness to the violence. According to Dahlberg and Krug (2002:191)“Interpersonal violence is defined as the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against another person or against a group or community that results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation.”

Often people who act violently have trouble controlling their feelings. They may have been hurt by others. Some think that making people fear them through violence or threats of violence will solve their problems or earn them respect. This isn't

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25 true. Some violence occurs as a response to prolonged hurt, trauma, bullying or victimization. People may use violence to get something, while others may act out of self-protection or desperation.

In this novel, juveniles that often involve in a violence are boys. For example Will and Marcus, they often involve in fights; they hit each other until they bleed, as quoted below:

“Will and Marcus were struggling on the ground before Marcus was finally able to extricate himself. Instead of continuing to fight.” Sparks (2010:315)

Marcus is a bad character in this novel. He always does something that can make bad effects to other people. He ever burned a church and hurted many people because of his act. But he did not feel guilty, even he did not care with them, he was only scared if he caught by the police and put in the prison, as quoted below:

“The buildings he’d burned and the people he’d hurt meant absolutely nothing to him, but the thought of prison made him... sick.” Sparks (2010:326)

Not only the chruch that he had burned, he also ever set a fire on a boat and just watched it burned by the fire, as quoted below:

“Three days later, Marcus set the boat on fire and watched it burn from behind the magnolia tree on the sixteenth green.” Sparks (2010:48)

Decisions about whether to get involved were based on what youngpeople thought was right or wrong; and whether they felt the benefits tothemselves outweighed the risks. These decisions were influenced by all theabove factors. The range of factors

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26 identified affected decisions in differentways for different people: someone who initially saw the actions as justifiable, could end up deciding the personal risk was too great to get involved;someone who was initially unsure about taking part could end up decidingthe chance of getting caught was minimal and so get involved.

4.4 Broken family

A broken family, as the term indicates, is one in which family ties have been destroyed. A family is not constituted by a number of people living together but their mutual intimaterelationships. Absence of this intimacy results in the breaking up of a family, and it is in broken families that juvenile delinquents develop. In any such family, a child is not looked after properly. Hence, it is only natural if the children choose the wrong path that ruins their lives.

A broken family will give a lot of negative influences to the children, especially juveniles. Children with parents who end their marriage in divorceare more likely to have higher levels of depression and engage in a greater amount of antisocialbehaviour. In this novel, Ronnie became bad since her parents’ divorce. Her father moved from their home, then she lost her father figure. Less of concern made her feel worse.Ronnie could not handle the situation, she thought that her father leave them because he had a girlfriend, she became angry with her father and she did not want to talk with his father anymore, not only that, she became a temperamental. As quoted below:

“And if you don’t believe me, try me. I’ve already gone three years without talking to you, and it was the easiest thing I’ve ever done.” Sparks (2010:75)

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27 Ronnie lives with her mother, Kim, and also her younger brother, Jonah. Her mother can not take care of them alone, especially Ronnie who is growing become a teenager. According to Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990: 112)

“The problem for single mothers is that they may not have the time to monitor their child’s behaviour, and they may not have the means to punish them. Many single-parent mothers are forced to work long hours and therefore allow their children to do a lot more without any interference. They are also not necessarily aware of their child’s misbehaviour.”

Ronnie make friends with teenagers who have a broken family and because of that, she felt she had similarities with them, and it made her feel comfort to make friends with them. She thought that they could feel what she felt inside, as quoted below:

“Her comment made Ronnie think about the similarities in their lives – divorce, anger, and rebellion, a parent’s remarriage.” Sparks (2010:293)

According to Wright and Wright (1994) “the family is the foundation of human society. Children who are rejected by their parents, who grow up in homes with considerable conflict, or who are inadequately supervised are at the greatest risk of becoming delinquent.” So parents figure is an important thing.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion

After analyzing The Last Song novel that written by Nicholas Sparks, we can find out the types of the juvenile delinquency in the novel through its characters. They are drugs use, theft, and juvenile riot.

It can be concluded that the delinquencies are caused by the broken family.A broken family will give a lot of negative influences to the children, especially juveniles. Family factors which may have an influence on offending include: The level of parental supervision, the way parents discipline a child, particularly harsh punishment, parental conflict or separation, criminal parents or siblings, parental abuse or neglect, and the quality of the parent-child relationship.

In this novel, Ronnie became bad since her parents’ divorce. Her father moved from their home, then she lost her father figure. Less of concern made her feel worse. She cannot accept the situation that she did not live with her father, she did not understand why her parents divorced.

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29 Growing up in a broken home is a major risk factor for later criminal behaviour. Children who are raised by opposite-gendered parents are often unable to benefit from a full socializing family environment. Furthermore, when families are left with only one parent providing for them, that parent often does not have the ability to offer enough supervision and discipline as is necessary, due to the constant demands of having to meet financial needs. In addition, these single parents are often left to work in lower-status jobs, as their dependent family members do not allow them to pursue greater job opportunities and further schooling possibilities.

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30 5.2 Suggestion

At the end of this thesis, the writer hopes that this thesis will make the readers can understand more about the juvenile delinquency in The Last Song and the readers are interested in reading this novel.This thesis can give a clear explanation about juvenile delinquency and the cause of the juvenile delinquecny to the readers.The writer wants to convey the positive message from this novel to the readers. It is never too late to strengthen the relationship with the loved ones: belief is one of important things in every relationships.

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REFERENCES

Coleman, James William and Donald R. Cressey. 1987. Social Problems. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc.

Davis, Kingsley. 1949. Human Society. New York: The Macmillan Company. Fielman, S. Roberts. 1947. Social Psychology. London: Prentice Hall.

Green, Arnold W. 1975. Social Problems: Arena of Conflict. New York: McGraw Hill, Inc.

Julian, Joseph and William Kornblum. 1974. Social Problems. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.

Quinn, William H. 2004. Family Solutions for Youth at Risk. New York: Brunner Routledge.

Rex, John. 1961. Key Problems of Sociological Theory. London: Kegan Paul Ltd. Ritzer, George. 2001. Contemporary Sociological Theory and Its Classical Roots. New York: Mc.Graw Hill, Inc.

Ritzer, George and Douglas J. Gooman. 2003. Sociological Theory. New York: McGraw Hill.

Roberts, Edgar V and Henry E. Jacobs. 1987. Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. New Jersey: Pretice-Hall, Inc.

Roucek and Warren. 1963. Sociology: An Introduction. New York: Littlfields Adams and Co.

Shoemaker, Donald J. 2009. Juvenile Delinquency. USA: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.

Sparks, Nicholas. 2010. The Last Song. New York: Hachette Book Group, Inc.

Taylor, Steven J and Robert Bodgan. 1998.Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods. New York: Interscience

Watson, George. 1979. The Story of the Novel. London and Basingstoke: The Macmillan Press Ltd.

Welleck, Rene and Austin Warren. 1977. Theory of Literature. New York: A Harvest Book, Brace and World, Inc.

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APPENDICES

SUMMARY OF THE NOVEL

Veronica ‘Ronnie’ Miller’s life was turned upside down when her parents divorced and her father moved to Wrightsville, North California. Once a classical piano child prodigy under the tutelage of her father, Steve Miller, Ronnie now ignores the instrument and has not spoken with her father since he left. While Julliard School has been interested in her since she was young, Ronnie refuses to attend.

Now, Steve has the chance to reconnect with his estranged daughter when her mother, Kim sends the rebellious teen and her younger brother, Jonah, to spend the summer with him. Steve, a former Julliard School professor and concert pianist, lives a quiet life in Tybee Island, the small beach town in Georgia where he grew up, working on a strained glass window for the local church to replace the one the church lost in a fire. According to the locals, it was Steve who set the fire to the church one night.

After arrival, Ronnie becomes miserable, defiantm and defensive toward all those around her. Including handsome, popular Will Blakelee whose introduction involved crashing into her during a volleyball match, and accidentally spiling Ronnie’s strawberry shake on her. She shrugs him off and meet Blaze, an outcast who lives with her boyfriend, Marcus. While at a beach campfire, Marcus hits on Ronnie and Blaze mistakes this for Ronnie flirting with him. Angered by this, Blaze sets Ronnie up by putting two CDs in Ronnie’s bag. Just as Ronnie walks out she is promptly arrested, which reminded her of an incident that occured back home. Later on, Ronnie discovers a Longgerhead Sea Turtle nest at the beach by her house and while protecting it, she meets Will again on his volunteer work for the aquarium. After a night of staying up to

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33 defend the turtles with Will, she discovers he is deeper than she believed, and begins to have feelings for him.

As Ronnie falls in love with Will, she also manages to form a better and stronger bond with her father. As their relationship deepens, Will invites her to his sister’s weeding, Megan. Ronnie does not have dress to wear at the weeding party, then Jonah gives her money to buy a new dress. Jonah likes Will, that’s why he helps her sister. At the weeding party, Marcus comes to meet Blaze. She works as a waitress there. Then, Marcus sees Ronnie, he invites Ronnie to go to Nashville with him, he treases Ronnie. Knowing that, Will gets angry, then they fight. The weeding party becomes chaos. Later that day, the turtle eggs hatch and her father collapses with a coughing seizure that evening. Ronnie immediately has Steve rushed to a hospital and realizes that he had been diagnosed with cancer long before her summer visit and why her parents’ marriage has fallen apart. She decides to start spending more time with her father since he is unlikely to survive any longer. At the same time, Ronnie and Will get into a confrontation because Will confessed that Scott had actually set fire to the church, but he had never confessed. With Will now leaving for college, there is no time to patch things up.

Steve has been working on a piece of music for quite a while. Fall comes and Jonah returns to New York for the school year, but Ronnie stays behind to take care of her father. Leading a slow life she tries to fill in the three years of ignoring her father into a couple months. She continues working on his piece of music (titled “For Ronnie”), finishing what her father could not because of his hands. When she finally plays the last chord, she looks up to see that Steve has died while listening to her play and is heartbroken.

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34 At his funeral she stands to make a speech but declares that none of the speeches she wrote would ever be able to show how wonderful her father really was. Instead, she decides to share with them the song that she finished. Before sge sits down to play, sunlight shines through rhe stained glass window. Ronnie smiles as she remembers overhearing her father said that every time a light shines through that window or any window, it’s him and says “Hi, Daddy”.

At the funeral, while Ronnie is talking to the attendants, she ruins into Will. He says that he liked the song she played and that he knows her dad did too and Ronnie thanks him for coming to the funeral. At the end, Ronnie is packing up her dad’s stuff when she sees Will standing outside. She goes outside to see him and Will apologizes to her for everything that had happened and Ronnie forgives him. Will suprises Ronnie by revealing that he will be transfering to Columbia in order to be with her and they share a kiss.

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BIOGRAPHY OF THE AUTHOR

Nicholas Sparks was born on December 31, 1965, in Omaha, Nebraska. He is a son of Patrick Michael Sparks, a professor, and Jill Emma Marie Sparks, a homemaker and an optometrist’s assistant. He was the middle of three children, with an older brother Michael Earl “Micah” Sparks (1964-) and a younger sister, Danielle “Dana” Sparks (1966-2000), who died at the age of 33. Sparks has said that she is the inspiration for the main character in his novel A Walk to Remember, Sparks was raised Roman Catholic and is of German, Czech, English and Irish ancestry. He and his wife are deout Catholics, and are raising their children in the Catholic faith “I was raised Catholic, baptised, confirmed, Sunday school, went to Notre Dame, go to confession, go to church weekly,” the author says. My oldest son is an altar boy. All my children go to the Catholic school. My wife Catherine was raised Catholic. God is the most important thing in our lives. I suppose that’s true of everybody’s lives, whether or not they want to believe it. Nicholas and Catherine have three sons, Miles, Ryan, and Landon; and twin daughters, Lexie and Savannah.

His father was pursuing graduate studies, and the family moved a great deal, so by the time Sparks was 8, he had lived in Watertown, Minnesota, Los Angeles, and Grand Island, Nebraska. In 1974, his family settled in Fair Oaks, California, and remained there through Nicholas’ high school days. He graduated in 1984 as valedictorian from Bella Vista High School, then enrolling at the University of Notre Dame, having received a full track and field scholarship. In his freshman year, his team set a record for the 4 x 800 relay. Sparks majored in business finance and graduated with honors in 1988. He also met his future wife that year. Cathy Cote from New

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36 Hampshire, while they were both on spring break. They married on July 22, 1989 and moved to Sacramento, California.

Nicholas Sparks is an internationally bestselling American novelist and screenwriter. He has published 16 novels, with themes including cancer, death pirates, and love.

While still in school in 1985, Sparks had penned his first (never published) novel, The Passing, while home for the summer between freshman and sophomore years at Notre Dame. He wrote another novel in 1989, also unpublished, The Royal Murders. After collage, Sparks sought work with publishers or to attend law school, but was rejected in both attempts. He then spent the next three years trying other careers, including real estate appraisal, waiting tables, selling dental products by phone and starting his own manufacturing business.

In 1990, Sparks co-wrote with Billy Mills Wokini: A Lakota Journey to Happiness and Self-Understanding. The book was published by Feather Publishing, Random House, and Hay House. Sales for this book approximated 50.000 copies in its first year after release.

In 1992, Sparks began selling pharmaceuticals and 1993 was transfered to Greenville, Sc. It was there that he wrote another novel in his spare time, The Notebook. Two years later, he was discovered by literary agent Theresa Park, who picked The Notebook out of her agency’s slush pile, liked it, and offered to represent him. In October 1995, Park secured a $1 million advance for The Notebook from TimeWarner Group Book. The novel was published in October 1996 and made the New York Times best-seller list in its first week of release.

With the succes of the first novel, he moved to New Bern, NC. After his first publishing success, he wrote several international bestsellers. Seven of his novel have

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37 been made into films: Message in a Bottle (1999), A Walk to Remember (2002), The Notebook (2004), Nights in Rodanthe (2008), Dear John (2010),The Last Song (2010), and The Lucky One (2011).

Sparks began his 16th novel, Safe Heaven, on Februray 17, 2010, and it was published on September 14, 2010. Film producers asked Sparks on August 4 for rights to release a movie adaption of this new novel and the deal was closed the next day.

On June 17, 2011, Nicholas Sparks stated on his official website that Warner Bros, had brought the movie rights to his book The Best of Me, which is coming out October 11, 2011. The production date for the movies has not been verified, although Sparks believes that filming of the movie will start in 2012.

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APPENDICES

SUMMARY OF THE NOVEL

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defend the turtles with Will, she discovers he is deeper than she believed, and begins to have feelings for him.

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At his funeral she stands to make a speech but declares that none of the speeches she wrote would ever be able to show how wonderful her father really was. Instead, she decides to share with them the song that she finished. Before sge sits down to play, sunlight shines through rhe stained glass window. Ronnie smiles as she remembers overhearing her father said that every time a light shines through that window or any window, it’s him and says “Hi, Daddy”.

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BIOGRAPHY OF THE AUTHOR

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Hampshire, while they were both on spring break. They married on July 22, 1989 and moved to Sacramento, California.

Nicholas Sparks is an internationally bestselling American novelist and screenwriter. He has published 16 novels, with themes including cancer, death pirates, and love.

With the succes of the first novel, he moved to New Bern, NC. After his first publishing success, he wrote several international bestsellers. Seven of his novel have

(6)

been made into films: Message in a Bottle (1999), A Walk to Remember (2002), The Notebook (2004), Nights in Rodanthe (2008), Dear John (2010),The Last Song (2010), and The Lucky One (2011).

The Juvenile Delinquency Portrayed In Nicholas Sparks’ Novel The Last Song

THE JUVENILE DELINQUENCY PORTRAYED IN

NICHOLAS SPARKS’ NOVEL

THE LAST SONG

A THESIS

BY

ZEAN EVELYN

REG. NO. 120721015

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN 2015

THE JUVENILE DELINQUENCY PORTRAYED IN NICHOLAS

SPARKS’ NOVEL

THE LAST SONG

A THESIS

BY

ZEAN EVELYN

REG. NO. 120721015

SUPERVISOR

CO-SUPERVISOR

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN 2015

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABSTRAK

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRAK

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

CHAPTER III

METHOD OF RESEARCH

CHAPTER VI

ANALYSIS AND FINDING

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

REFERENCES

APPENDICES

SUMMARY OF THE NOVEL

BIOGRAPHY OF THE AUTHOR

APPENDICES

SUMMARY OF THE NOVEL

BIOGRAPHY OF THE AUTHOR

Parts

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