Vitamin dan Mineral Nutrisi Ternak Non R
Tujaan Pebelajarana
Mengetahui dan memahami:
• Defenisi dan Klasifikasi vitamin
dan mineral
• Funsi dan perannya bagi ternak
non ruminansia
VITAMINS
VITAMIN
• Organic nutrients needed in small quantities to
perform specific functions;
• Do not provide energy but are necessary in the use
of energy.
• Helping regulate body functions, keeping the body
healthy, promoting resistance.
• The deficiency of a vitamin can lead to disease or
death.
• Classified as fat soluble and water soluble
CLASSIFICATION
FAT
WATER
SOLUBLE
SOLUBLE
• Stored in the fat and
released as they are
needed by the body.
• Can be stored for extended
periods.
• Absorbed through
lymphatic tissues
• Need precursor, provitamin
• C, H, O
• Only for complex organism
A–D–E-K
• Dissolved by water.
• As water passes through the
body.
• need to be consumed every
day by monogastric animals.
• Absorbed through portal
vein
• Most doesn’t need precursor
• C, H, O, N some have S and
Co
• For complex and simple
organism
C – B (IB – IIB)
VITAMIN A
• Benefit: Maintenance of normal
vision and night vision, Essential for
immune system, Necessary for
growth; induces differentiation of
cells
• Deficiency: Fairly common; results
in night blindness and eye disease,
dry pimply skin, increased infections,
and kidney stones
VITAMIN D
Benefit:
• Helps to maintain constant levels of calcium
in the blood
• Important in insulin and prolactin secretion,
muscle function, immune and stress
response, melanin synthesis, and cellular
differentiation
• Vital for kidney and parathyroid gland
function
• Necessary for healthy bones
Deficiency:
• Disease is rickets, symptoms include soft
bones and teeth
Toxicity:
• Toxic in doses larger than 1,000-1,1500 I.U.s
daily for a month or longer; produces
nausea, weakness, and irritability
• May lead to brain or liver damage, jaundice,
and the destruction of red blood cells
VITAMIN E
Benefit:
• Protects vitamin A from oxidation during digestion
• Enhances immune response
• Inhibits carcinogens from reaching target sites
• Can stop neurological problems associated with
cystic fibrosis, liver disease early in disease process
• Detoxifies free radicals, prevents damage to cell
membranes
• Prevents LDL cholesterol from turning into
damaging oxidized LDL, which initiates buildup of
arterial plaque which can lead to heart disease
VITAMIN K
Benefit:
• Helps blood coagulate
• In conjunction with vitamins A and D
helps body build bone protein
• Given as injection to newborns to
help blood clot, sometimes to women
before labor or to patients before and
after surgery
VITAMIN C (ascorbic
acid)
Benefit:
• Activates liver-detoxifying systems
• Antioxidant to inactivate highly reactive oxygen species;
protects against damage to lipids and other molecules
• Inhibits formation of carcinogenic compounds
• Protects cellular functions
• Enhances function of key white blood cells involved in
the destruction of bacteria
• Protects vitamin E
• Integral to maintenance and building of collagen
• Vital to bones and teeth, blood vessels, healing of wounds,
and iron absorption
• Helps metabolize several amino acids and hormones
Biotin
Benefit:
• Key role in metabolizing fats, carbohydrates, and
proteins
• Part of a number of enzymes in which it functions as a
carboxyl carrier
• Manufactured in lower digestive tract by bacteria
Colin
Benefit:
• Helps maintain central nervous system
• Precursor to acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter
• Involved in production and metabolism of fats and
cholesterol
Vitamin B (Folic acid, folate)
• Used by body to break down and
synthesize amino acids
• Helps synthesize nucleic acids, which
are needed to build new cells, particularly
red blood cells
• Involved in a variety of reactions in amino
acid and nucleotide metabolism
• Recommended for women of childbearing
age; helps prevent neural tube birth
defects
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
• Enables body to use carbohydrates, fats, and
proteins (to provide energy), and amino acids
• Influences metabolism of DNA, NAD, NADP
• Aids nervous system and digestive tract
function and promotes healthy skin
Pantothenic Acid
• Necessary for adrenal cortex function
• Part of chemistry of coenzyme A, which is
vital to metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and
proteins and involved in making fatty acids,
cholesterol, acetylcholine, steroid hormones,
and nerve regulators
Mengetahui dan memahami:
• Defenisi dan Klasifikasi vitamin
dan mineral
• Funsi dan perannya bagi ternak
non ruminansia
VITAMINS
VITAMIN
• Organic nutrients needed in small quantities to
perform specific functions;
• Do not provide energy but are necessary in the use
of energy.
• Helping regulate body functions, keeping the body
healthy, promoting resistance.
• The deficiency of a vitamin can lead to disease or
death.
• Classified as fat soluble and water soluble
CLASSIFICATION
FAT
WATER
SOLUBLE
SOLUBLE
• Stored in the fat and
released as they are
needed by the body.
• Can be stored for extended
periods.
• Absorbed through
lymphatic tissues
• Need precursor, provitamin
• C, H, O
• Only for complex organism
A–D–E-K
• Dissolved by water.
• As water passes through the
body.
• need to be consumed every
day by monogastric animals.
• Absorbed through portal
vein
• Most doesn’t need precursor
• C, H, O, N some have S and
Co
• For complex and simple
organism
C – B (IB – IIB)
VITAMIN A
• Benefit: Maintenance of normal
vision and night vision, Essential for
immune system, Necessary for
growth; induces differentiation of
cells
• Deficiency: Fairly common; results
in night blindness and eye disease,
dry pimply skin, increased infections,
and kidney stones
VITAMIN D
Benefit:
• Helps to maintain constant levels of calcium
in the blood
• Important in insulin and prolactin secretion,
muscle function, immune and stress
response, melanin synthesis, and cellular
differentiation
• Vital for kidney and parathyroid gland
function
• Necessary for healthy bones
Deficiency:
• Disease is rickets, symptoms include soft
bones and teeth
Toxicity:
• Toxic in doses larger than 1,000-1,1500 I.U.s
daily for a month or longer; produces
nausea, weakness, and irritability
• May lead to brain or liver damage, jaundice,
and the destruction of red blood cells
VITAMIN E
Benefit:
• Protects vitamin A from oxidation during digestion
• Enhances immune response
• Inhibits carcinogens from reaching target sites
• Can stop neurological problems associated with
cystic fibrosis, liver disease early in disease process
• Detoxifies free radicals, prevents damage to cell
membranes
• Prevents LDL cholesterol from turning into
damaging oxidized LDL, which initiates buildup of
arterial plaque which can lead to heart disease
VITAMIN K
Benefit:
• Helps blood coagulate
• In conjunction with vitamins A and D
helps body build bone protein
• Given as injection to newborns to
help blood clot, sometimes to women
before labor or to patients before and
after surgery
VITAMIN C (ascorbic
acid)
Benefit:
• Activates liver-detoxifying systems
• Antioxidant to inactivate highly reactive oxygen species;
protects against damage to lipids and other molecules
• Inhibits formation of carcinogenic compounds
• Protects cellular functions
• Enhances function of key white blood cells involved in
the destruction of bacteria
• Protects vitamin E
• Integral to maintenance and building of collagen
• Vital to bones and teeth, blood vessels, healing of wounds,
and iron absorption
• Helps metabolize several amino acids and hormones
Biotin
Benefit:
• Key role in metabolizing fats, carbohydrates, and
proteins
• Part of a number of enzymes in which it functions as a
carboxyl carrier
• Manufactured in lower digestive tract by bacteria
Colin
Benefit:
• Helps maintain central nervous system
• Precursor to acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter
• Involved in production and metabolism of fats and
cholesterol
Vitamin B (Folic acid, folate)
• Used by body to break down and
synthesize amino acids
• Helps synthesize nucleic acids, which
are needed to build new cells, particularly
red blood cells
• Involved in a variety of reactions in amino
acid and nucleotide metabolism
• Recommended for women of childbearing
age; helps prevent neural tube birth
defects
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
• Enables body to use carbohydrates, fats, and
proteins (to provide energy), and amino acids
• Influences metabolism of DNA, NAD, NADP
• Aids nervous system and digestive tract
function and promotes healthy skin
Pantothenic Acid
• Necessary for adrenal cortex function
• Part of chemistry of coenzyme A, which is
vital to metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and
proteins and involved in making fatty acids,
cholesterol, acetylcholine, steroid hormones,
and nerve regulators