Biosciences and Social Science 2016
The Proceeding Of
The 1st International Conference Technology on
Biosciences and Social Science 2016
“Industry Based On Knowledges”
17th – 19th November 2016, Convention Hall, Andalas
University, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
Organized by:
Animal Science Faculty of Andalas University
and
Alumbi Center of Universiti Putra Malaysia
i
Organizing Committee
SteeringCommittee:
Rector of Andalas University
Deputy Rector II Andalas University
Dean of Animal Science Faculty
Deputy Dean I of Animal Science Faculty
Deputy Dean II of Animal Science Faculty
Prof. Dr. Ir. Salam N. Aritonang, MS
Prof. Dr. Ir. H.M. Hafil Abbas,MS
Prof. Dr. Ir.Zaituni Udin, M.Sc
Chairman :
Prof. drh. Hj. Endang Purwanti,
Co-Chairman:
Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj.Husmaini,
MS., Ph.D
MP
Secretary:
Dr. drh. Hj.Yulia Yellita, MP
Afriani Sandra, S.Pt., M.Sc
Secretariat:
Hendri Purwanto, S.Pt.,M.Si
Yunizardi, S.Pt.
Arif Trisman, S.Pt.
Rahmat Mulyadi,SE
Treasurer :
Dr. Ir. Elly Roza, MS,
Financial
Dr. Ir.Tinda Afriani, MP.
Dr. Ir. Sabrina, MP
Editors:
drh. H. Yuherman, MS., Ph.D; Dr. Ir. Rusmana Wijaya Setia Ningrat, M.
Rur.Sc,;Dr.Ir. Masrizal, MS.; Dr.Ir. Firda Arlina,MP.; Indri Juliyarsi, SP., MP.; Deni
Novia, S.TP., MP.; Sri Melia, S.TP., MP.; Aronal Arief Putra, S.Pt., M.Sc; Ferawati,S.Pt,
MP.; Yulianti Fitri Kurnia, S.Pt,M.Si
Meet and Greet of UPM Alumny
Prof. Dr. Marlina, Apt.,MS.; Dr. Ir. Adrinal, MS.; Dr. P.K.Dewi Hayati,MS.
ii
Contents
Page
Organizing Committee………………………………………………………………
ii
Content ……………………………………………………………………………..
iii
Preface ………………………………………………………………………….……
iv
List Paper of Oral Presentation …………………………………………………..
v
List Paper of Poster Presentation ………………………………………………..
xii
Keynote Lecturer …………………………………………………………………..
1
Papers of Oral Presentation ………………………………………………………..
25
Animal Science………………………………………………………………………
26
Agricultures…………………………………………….……………………………
198
Medicenes, Public Health, Technics and Natural Sciences …….…………….
344
Economy and Social Sciences ……………………………………………………
425
Papers of Poster Presentation ……………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
491
iii
Preface
iv
List Paper of Oral Presentation
No.
1.
Author’s
Title
Page
ANIMAL SCIENCES
Jumatriatikah Hadrawi, Asep Association Analysis of NRAMP1 Gene 27
Gunawan, Niken Ulupi, and Sri Related to Resistance Against Salmonella
Darwati
pullorum Infection in Kampung Chicken
2.
Ahmad Saleh Harahap, Cece
Sumantri, Niken Ulupi, Sri
Darwati, and Tike Sartika
Polymorphism Calpain-3 (CAPN3) Gene
and Association with Carcass Traits and
Meat Quality in Kampung Chicken
32
3.
Wahyuni, Niken Ulupi and Physical Quality of Broiler Meat Fed Diets
Nahrowi
ContainingMealworm Protein Concentrate
40
4.
Mega Sofia, Cece Sumantri, Identification Polymorphisms of Inos Gene
Niken Ulupi
and Asep and Association with Body ResistanceTrait
Gunawan
in Kampong Chicken
46
5.
Risky Nauly Panjaitan, Niken Investigation of Cadmium Contamination in
Ulupi and Nahrowi
Mealworm, Ration and Broilers’s Feces
51
6.
Woki Bilyaro, Asep Gunawan,
Tuti Suryati, Cece Sumantri,
and Sri Darwati
Devi Kumala Sari, Henny
Nuraini and Tuti Suryati
Malonaldehyde and Fat Contents of
Kampong-meat TypeCrossbreed Chicken
55
Quality of Gelatin Processed from Chicken
Legs (Tarsometa tarsus) Skin with Different
Method
59
8.
Linda
Suhartati,
Asep Physical and Chemical Characteristic of
Gunawan,
Rukmiasih,
Sri Chicken Meat from Kampung x Meat Type
Darwati, Cece Sumantri, Tuti Crossbred Chicken
Suryati,and Isyana Khaerunnisa
64
9.
Teguh Rafian, Jakaria, Niken Evaluated the Effect of Fermented Palm
Ulupi, Yosi Fenita, and Sludge on Burgo Chicken Performance
Muhammad Andriansyah
69
7.
10. Donald John Calvien Hutabarat,
Fransisca Rungkat Zakaria,
Endang Yuli Purwani, and
Maggy Thenawidjaja Suhartono
SCFA Profile of Rice RS Fermentation by
Colonic Microbiota, Clostridium butyricum
BCC B2571, or Eubacterium rectale DSM
17629
v
73
11. Asep Gunawan, Ahmad Furqon, Growth and Carcass Characteristic in
Kasita Listyarini, Jakaria, and Kampong x Broiler Crossbred Divergently
Cece Sumantri
Selected for Unsaturated Fatty Acid
84
12. Niken Ulupi, Cece Sumatri and Resistance against Salmonella pullorumin
Sri Darwati
IPB-D1
Crossbreed,
Kampong
and
Commercial Broiler Chicken
13. Angelia Utari Harahap
Effects of Wheat Leaf Noni (Morinda
citrifolia) on Carcass and Production Quail
Eggs (Coturnix Coturnix Javonica) in the
Different Level Concentrate
88
14. Armein Lusi Zeswita, Vivi Microbial Analysis on Freshwater Shell
Fitriani and Nursyahra
(Corbicula sumatrana) in Singkarak Lake
Solok District West Sumatra
96
15. Syaiful F. L, E. Purwati, Suardi, Analysis of Estradiol and Progesterone
and T.Afriani
Hormone Levels Against Various Cell
Culture in TCM- 199 Medium for Cattle In
vitro
16. Harissatria,
Jaswandi,
and Acceleration Time Equilibration Cauda
Hendri
Epididymis Spermatozoa Buffalo with
Addition of Antioxidant Gluthatione
100
17. Jhon Hendri and Harris Satria
Buffalo Embryo Maturation Optimization in
Vitro with Addition Glutathione
113
18. Khalil, Reswati, Y.F. kurnia, Blood Mineral Profiles of Simmental Breed
Indahwati and Yuherman
Cattle with Different Feeding Systems and
Reproduction Statues in Payakumbuh
Region West Sumatra, Indonesia
118
19. Lendrawati, A. Rahmat and J. Performance of Broiler Chicken Fed
M. Nur
Turmeric and Zinc Mineral under Heat
Stress
20. Muslim
Utilization
of
Plant
Titonia
Flowers (Tithonia diversifolia) in The
Ration on The Performans of Broiler
122
21. Resolinda Harly, Almasdi and Analysis of Factors Influence Palm Oil
Sri Mulyani
Farmers Personal Income Trough Buffalo’s
Breeding
132
22. Retno Wilyani and
Hisyam Hermawan
136
Moch Nutritional Value of Persimmon Yoghurt
(Dyospyros kaki) as Healthy Soft Drink to
Make Healthy and Fitness: An Analysis
vi
92
109
126
23. Zulfa Elymaizar, Arnim, Salam In-Vitro Rumen Digestibility of Goat Feed
N Aritonang, Mardiati Zein, and by Patikan Kerbau (Euphorbia hirta L.)
Elly Roza
Herbal Supplemented
145
24. Salam N. Aritonang, Elly Roza The Adding of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
and Lailya Rahma
on Moisture, Acidity and Lactic Acid
Bacteria Colony Count of Yogurt from
Goat’s Milk
150
25. Yuherman, Nur Asmaq and Characteristics and Antimicrobial Activity
Endang Purwati
of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Dadih
of Agam Regency
156
26. Yunizardi Ade Rakhmadi, and
Endang Purwati
Effect of Addition White Oyster Mushroom
(Pleurotus ostreatus) and Carrot (Daucus
carota L) In Probiotic Duck Nugget On
Protein, Calcium and Organoleptic Value
161
and The Potential Of Dadiah From 50 Kota
District, West Sumatra as a Probiotic Food
Based On Total of Lactic Acid Bacteria
170
27. Yulianti Fitri
Endang Purwati
Kurnia
28. Tertia Delia Nova, Sabrina and The Effect of level Flour turmeric
trianawati
(Curcuma domestica Val) ration toward
carcass local duck
29. T. Astuti, G. Yelni, Nurhaita, Effect of the Form Complete Feed With
and Y. Amir
Basis Fermented Palm Oil Fronds on the
Content of Moisture, Crude Lipid, and Crude
Protein for Ruminants
174
185
AGRICULTURES
30. Azwar Rasyidn, Gusmini, Ade Soil Microbes Diversity Between Hilly and
Fitriadi and Yulmira Yanti
Volcanic Physiography And Their Effect To
Soil Fertility
190
31. Dafni Mawar Tarigan, Bambang Application of Green Manure and Rabbits
SAS, and Hasanul Arifin Urine Affect Morphological Characters of
Marmen
Sweet Corn Plant (Zea mays saccharata Sturt)
in Lowland of Deli Serdang District
200
32. Dewi Rezki, Siska Efendi, and Humic Substance Characterization of Lignite
Herviyanti
as a Source of Organic Material
33. Jamilah, Sri Mulyani, and Nutritional Composition of Ruminant Forage
Derived from Rice Crops (Oryza Sativa L.)
Juniarti
that Applicated by C.odorata Compost
205
34. Mega Andini,
Kuswandi
216
Riska,
and Effectiveness of Liquid Smoke to Control
Mealybug on Papaya
vii
208
35. M.Said Siregar, Arif Kurniawan, Study on the Manufacture of Nuggets from
and Syakir Naim Siregar
Natural Rubber Seed (HeveaBrasil sis Mull.
Arg)
220
36. Muhammad Thamrin,
Novita, Fitria Darma
Desi Factors Affecting Farmers Decision to
Convert Wetland
227
37. Riry Prihatini, Yulia Irawati, The Occurrence of Somaclonal Variation on
Yosi Zendra Joni, and Sri The Pineapple In vitro Culture as Detected by
Hadiati
Molecular Markers
238
38. Riska and Jumjunidang
Competitiveness of Fusarium oxysporum. sp
cubense VCGs 01213/16 (Tropical race 4)
Among Several VCGs in Race 4 on Ambon
Hijau Cultivar
244
39. Fridarti and Sri Mulyani
Changes nutrients by microbial fermentation
chocolate waste indigenous result of the
additional mineral phosphor and sulphur
in-vitro
252
Fitriana Clustering and genetic distance some salak
species
(Salacca
spp)
based
on
morphological characters
256
Sutrisno, Optimalization Flour Composite Nutritiose as
Jaka Basic Materials Processing for Food Products
264
40. Sri Hadiati
Nasution
and
41. Asep
Dedy
YusmanTaufik,
Rukmana
42. Sri Utami,
Ermeli
and
Suryawati
and KNO3 Concentration and Soaking Time
Effect on Breaking Seed Dormancy and Seed
Growth of Sour-Sop (Annona muricata L.)
272
43. Susilawati, Dewi Sartika, and Effect of Kepok Banana (musa paradisiaca
Mochamad Karel Saputra
linn) Peel Flour Addition as a Stabilizer on
Chemical and Organoleptic Properties of Ice
Cream
44. Ubad
Badrudin,
Syakiroh The effect of soil submersion duration and
Jazilah, and Budi Prakoso
ameliorant types on growth and yield of
shallot at Brebes Regency
278
45. Yulfi Desi, Trimurti Habazar, Disease progress of Stewart’s Wilt (Pantoea
Ujang Khairul, and Agustian
stewartii subsp. stewartii) on sweet corn
293
46. Yusnaweti
On growth response and results of upland rice
due to the allotment of some a dose of
compost bamboo leaves
300
47. Fadriani Widya, Darmawan, Rice husk biochar application in traditional
and Adrinal
paddy soil and its effect of nutrients vertical
distribution
306
viii
287
48. Ragapadmi Purnamaningsih, Ika Embryogenic Callus Induction and Globular
Roostika, and Sri Hutami
Embryo Formation of Kopyor Coconut
(Cocos nucifera L.)
313
49. A. Sparta, L. Octriana, Nofiarli, The Role of Cow Manure to Reduce The
N. Marta, Kuswandi, M. Need of Nutrient N Inorganic In Banana
Andini, and Y. Irawati
Plant Vegetative Growth
320
50. Desi Ardilla, Herla Rusmarilin, Study The Physical And Chemical
and Adi Purnama
Properties Of Bioethanol From Pineapple
Skin (Ananas comusus L.Merr )
325
51 Masyhura MD, Budi Suarti, and Increase Moringa Leaf Powder and Long
Evan Ardyanto AS
Roasting on Protein Content in the Making
of Cookies from Mocaf (Modified Cassava
Flour)
331
MEDICINES, PUBLIC HEALTH, ENGINEERING, AND NATURAL SCIENCES
52. Ayulia Fardila Sari ZA, Putri Implementation of Hospital Information
Nilam Sari, and Muthia Sari
System in RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang 2016
336
53. Dien GA Nursal, Rizanda
Implementation Patient Safety Standards in
Machmud, Eryati Darwin, Nana Basic
Emergency
Obstetric
Care
Mulyana
Community Health Center (BEOC_CHC)
Padang
54. Dewi Sartika, Susilawati, and Survey of Salmonella Contaminated
Mumpuni Uji Kawedar
Vannamei Shrimps in Lampung
344
55. Ferra Yanuar
Determinants of Birth Weight at Various
Quantiles in West Sumatra
358
56. Hardany Primarizky, Ira Sari Detection
Of
Osteoporosis
in
Yudaniayanti,
and
Djoko Ovariohysterectomized
Cats
(Felis
Galijono
Domesticus) based on Serum Osteocalcin
Levels
57. Nefilinda
Influence of Education and Local Wisdom
on Environment Villages in Minangkabau
363
58. Masri, E., Asmira,S and
Verawati
375
Local Food Development from Combination
Siarang Variety Of Black Rice (Oryza
Sativa L.Indica) And Yellow Pumpkin
(Cucurbita
Moschata) To Prevent
Anemia For Pregnant Women
59. Suryani,
Zulmardi,
Abdi Development of Antimicrobial Analysis of
Dharma, Yunazar Manjang, and Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from VCO
Febria Elvy Susanti
(Virgin Coconut Oil) Fermentation Process
Against Bacteria in The Secretion of CSOM
ix
351
368
380
60. Suci
Rahayu,
Darmawan The Influence of Dicamba in Combination
Saptadi, and Febi Reza Fitriani with BAP on Callus Induction and
Proliferation of Centella (Centella asiatica
L.)
387
61. Christina
J.
R.
E.
Lumbantobing,
Endang
Purwati, Sumaryati Syukur, and
Eti Yerizel
Triglyceride lowering effect of Garcinia
atroviridis leaf tea from Sijunjung - West
Sumatra on obese subjects in Medan, North
Sumatra
395
62. Netty Suharti
Preparation and Characterization of Ethanol
Extract of Mychorryzae Induced Ginger as
Raw Matherial for Anti Breast cancer Nano
suspension Formulation
404
63. Misril Fuadi, Mahmud T.M. Effect of Benzyladenine (BA) and
Mohamed,
Mohd.
Fauzi Duration of Shading onGrowth and
Ramlan, Yahya Awang
408
Quality of Dracaena sanderiana and
Codiaeum variegatum
ECONOMY AND SOCIAL SCI ENCES
64. Andri,
Ida
and Rahmi Wati
Indrayani
Technical Efficiency Analysis of Poultry
in District of 50 Kota (Stochastic Frontier
Production Function Approach)
417
65. Arif Fadhillah
Teaching Accounting in Business School:
A Personal Reflection
422
66. Wijaya Edo Rantou
Analysis
Influence
of
Technical
Competence on Company's Performance In
Electrical Engineering Company In
Bandung
427
67. Ike Revita, R. Trioclarise, Inesti Reflections Of Social Reality In The
Printa Elisya
Activities Of Women Trafficking In West
Sumatera
435
68. Ira Apriyanti, Desi Novita, and
Pandhu Ahmad Pangestu
Efficiency of Marketing Distribution of
Palm Oil in Sub District of Selesai Regency
of Langkat
440
69. Yeyep Natrio, Afdhal Rinsik, The Occurance Of Transitivity And
Gusmaizal Syandri
Suicidal
Motives On Famous Public
Figure`S Suicide Letters
70. Yusmarni
An
analysis
of
Marketing
Efficiency
of Sapodilla in Nagari
Sumpur sub district of Tanah Datar, West
Sumatera
446
x
457
71. Jusuf Wahyudi, Hesti Nur’aini Information Systems of Eradication Pests
and Lina Widawati
and Diseases Crops for Agriculture
Extension Instructor
464
72. Desi Novita and Ira Apriyanti
The Regional Investment Competitiveness
In Binjai City
469
Desi The Impact of Rising Soybean Prices to
Tofu Industry Small Scale in Medan
474
73. Khairunnisa Rangkuti,
Novita, and Bima Mahdi
xi
List of Poster
No.
1.
2.
Author’s
Title
ANIMAL SCIENCES
Wahidin Teguh Sasongko, Total Gas Production, Methane and Rumen
Teguh
Wahyono,
Shintia Fermentation Characteristics of Rejected
Nugrahini Wahyu Hardani, and Soybean Meal Protected by Jackfruit
Firsoni
Leaves
Nita Yessirita, Tinda Afriani, The Supplementation of Amino Acid
and Sunadi
Methionine-Lysine on the Protein Quality
of Leucaena Leaf Meal Fermented with
Bacillus laterosporus
AGRICULTURES
Widjaja, Optimization Of Koji Concentration And
Fermentation Time To Characteristics Of
Modified Sorgum (Sorghum Bicolor L
Monench) Flour
Page
484
492
3.
Willy
Pranata
Sumartini
499
4.
Kuswandi, Makful, Sahlan, and Evaluation Performance Of Some Hybrid
Mega Andini
Of Watermelon From Indonesian Tropical
Fruit Research Institute
508
5.
A. Sparta, R, Triatminingsih, The Using of Thidiazuron to Induce the
Y.Z. Joni, and Nofiarli
Mangoesteen Shoot (Garcinia mangostana
L.) by Direct Organogenesis
513
6.
Ira Sari Yudaniayanti, Bambang Healing Quality
Of Femoral
Sektiari L., and Hardany Fractures In Ovariectomized Rats
Primarizky
517
7.
Sri Hadiati and Tri Budiyanti
Parameters Genetic of Fruit Component
Characters on Snake Fruit (Salacca sp.)
525
8.
Riry Prihatini, Tri Budiyanti, Genetic Variability of Indonesian Papaya
and Noflindawati
(carica spp.) as Revealed by RAPD (Rapid
Amplified Polymorphic DNA)
530
9.
Regina Andayani
Yunianti
Fivi The Effects of Oxidation And Thermolysis
Reaction on a-Mangostin Content in the
Ethyl Acetate Extract of Mangosteen Rind
(Garcinia mangostana L.) by High
Performance Liquid Chromatography
538
10. Nini Marta, Kuswandi, Liza The effectiveness test of herbicides 2,4 D,
Octriana, and Nofiarli
glyphosate, paraquat on low dose as growth
regulator on papaya seedling
545
With
Therapy
Of
Cissus
Quadrangularis Extract Shown by
The Expression Of Type I Collagen
and
xii
The 1st Conference Technology on Biosciences and Social Sciences 2016
KEYNOTE LECTURER
1
The 1st Conference Technology on Biosciences and Social Sciences 2016
Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of the Additive Combination
of Pterostilbene and Oxacillin against Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 33591
Dayang Fredalina Basri*, Siti Fairuz Ishak, Ahmad Rohi Ghazali, Noraziah Mohamad Zin
School of Diagnostic & Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: dayang@ukm.edu.my
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was initially limited to hospital
and healthcare facilities but has gradually become a growing problem in healthy children and
adult. Pterostilbene belongs to the phenylpropanoid phytoalexin which is involved in plant
response to various pathogen and herbivores attack. The aim of this study was to evaluate the
anti-MRSA action of pterostilbene in combination with selected antibiotics such as
vancomycin, linezolid and oxacillin against MRSA ATCC 33591. The minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of individual
antimicrobial agents were determined using microbroth dilution technique whereas the
microdilution checkerboard (MDC) assay was employed to verify the type of interaction of the
combined agents from the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index values. Time- kill
assay (TKA) analysis and post-antibiotic effect (PAE) time were determined only on the
combination which showed synergistic interaction. Cell morphology and ultrastructural
changes of the treated and untreated strains were also observed. The MIC and MBC of
pterostilbene against ATCC 33591 were 31.25μg/ml and 62.50μg/ml, respectively. This
indicated that pterostilbene was bacteriostatic against ATCC 33591. MDC results showed that
pterostilbene-oxacillin combination exhibited lowest FIC value (0.56) for ATCC 33591 which
implies partial synergistic interaction. On the other hand, combination of pterostilbene and
vancomycin generated an additive effect (FIC 1.00) whereas pterostilbene-linezolid
combination displayed indifference effects with FIC of 1.25 against MRSA ATCC 33591.
Despite the partial synergism, TKA proved an additive effect for the combination of
pterostilbene and oxacillin against ATCC 33591 with concentration-dependent bactericidal
action within 24 hour. After one hour exposure at 10X-MIC, prolonged PAE time of 2.6 ±
1.48 hour against ATCC 33591 was demonstrated by pterostilbene-oxacillin combination
treatment compared to pterostilbene (2.02 ± 0.36 hour) and oxacillin (0.53 ± 0.28 hour) alone.
Scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations revealed that pterostilbene
targeted the cell wall which is the same site of action as oxacillin hence additive effects by the
combination treatment. In conclusion, pterostilbene in combination with oxacillin showed
partial synergism with bactericidal and persistent antimicrobial effect against MRSA ATCC
33591. Therefore, pterostilbene has the potential to be developed as an alternative
phytotherapeutic agent against MRSA infections.
Keywords: Pterostilbene, MRSA, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum
Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC),
Bactericidal, Time-Kill Assay (TKA), Post-Antibiotic Effect (PAE).
2
The 1st Conference Technology on Biosciences and Social Sciences 2016
known as stilbene [14]. Stilbene was
secondary metabolites of the plants that
formed from flavonoid biosynthesis pathway
and belongs to the family of phenylpropanoid
[15]. Pterostilbene found in sandalwood
Pterocarpus santalinus by [16], hardwood of
Pterocarpus marsupium by [17], leaves of
Vitis vinifera by [18] and also found in some
species of Vaccinium
berries [19].
Pterostilbene also is an analog of resveratrol
found in grapes and blueberries [20]. This
component is biologically classified as a
phytoalexin. Antimicrobial phytoalexin is a
plants defense system which is involved in
plant response to various pathogen and
herbivores attack [15].
In addition, antibiotics used in this study
were vancomycin, oxacillin and linezolid.
Vancomycin and oxacillin known as agents
that target cell wall while lonezolid targeting
protein synthesis [21,22,23]. Evaluation on
the morphology and ultrastructure of cells
after treatment studies using electron
microscopy.
Transmission
electron
microscope (TEM) is typically used by
microbiologists to study on intracellular or
cell wall structure [24,25,26,27]. Scanning
electron microscope (SEM) was used to study
the surface of the cell and its features
[28,29,30,31].
1. Introduction
Staphylococcus aureus is a normal
microflora that can be found in the skin and
nose of healthy people. However, these
bacteria will become opportunistic pathogens
when these bacteria enter the human body
through small surgical wound or trauma on
someone who has weakened immune system
causing skin and soft tissue infections [1].
Infections caused by S. aureus have been
treated with various antibiotics such as
penicillin, macrolides and aminoglycosides.
However, these bacteria have managed to
grow and resistant against various type of
antibiotic [2]. The emergence of MRSA not
only give special attention because of
resistance against methicillin but also due to
resistant against almost all kinds of existing
antibiotics even though there are new
antibacterial drugs on the market [3,4]. These
bacteria caused many infections in
communities such as endemic and epidemic
nosocomial infections [5].
Therefore, to find ways and strategies to
prevent or delay the development of
resistance of MRSA, various studies have
been conducted to find an alternative
treatment to overcome this phenomenon from
becoming more serious. The step is to use a
combination of antimicrobial therapy that
consists of existing antibiotics and plant
extracts [6]. Natural products and their
derivatives have been identified over the years
as a source of therapeutic agent [7,8]. Natural
products derived from plants, animals and
minerals has been the basis for the treatment
of humans since long ago [9,10,11]. Natural
product is an organic or chemical compounds
produced by living organisms in nature that
usually have a pharmacological or biological
activity that are valuable and can be used in
the invention and design of drugs [12].
Phytochemicals
are
bioactive
compounds derived from plants and the term
is often used to describe a large number of
secondary metabolites [13]. Pterostilbene is a
component that belongs to a phenolic group
2. Results and Discussion
2.1 Determination of MIC and MBC value.
MIC and MBC of pterostilbene for
MRSA ATCC 33591 was 31.25 µg / ml and
62.50 µg / ml (Table 1). The MBC is two-fold
higher than the MIC for both strains.
Therefore, this indicated that pterostilbene has
potential as an antimicrobial agent that
produce bacteriostatic effects. MIC and MBC
values of oxacillin against ATCC 33591 was
same, each value 62.50 µg/ ml (Table 2).
Therefore, oxacillin exhibit antimicrobial
bactericidal agent. The MIC and MBC of
vancomycin against ATCC 33591 was same,
0.98μg / ml (Table 3). Therefore, this suggests
that vancomycin exhibits bactericidal activity
3
The 1st Conference Technology on Biosciences and Social Sciences 2016
against ATCC 33591. MIC values of linezolid
against MRSA ATCC 33591 was 1.56 μg / ml
(Table 4). MBC values for linezolid shows
that linezolid displayed bacteriostatic activity
against MRSA strain which is four times
higher than the MIC of ATCC 33591.
This study showed that pterostilbene
exhibit stronger antibacterial properties than
oxacillin on MRSA ATCC 33591.
Pterostilbene is a phytoalexin which belongs
to the phenylpropanoid family that involved
in plant response to various pathogens and
herbivores attack [15]. Comparison with
antibiotics that are used in this study as
current therapy against MRSA infection,
suggesting that the antimicrobial activity of
pterostilbene is lower than linezolid and
vancomycin on ATCC 33591. It is supported
by [32] which states that phytochemicals
produce lower activity compared to standard
antibiotics.
Pterostilbene may be able to reduce the
problem of microbial resistance that was
supported
by
[33]
reported
that
phytochemicals capable of exhibiting
significant potential for changing the
resistivity of an antibiotic. Although the
antimicrobial effectiveness of pterostilbene
stronger than oxacillin but pterostilbene
showed bacteriostatic effect same like
linezolid with MBC value exceeds the MIC.
This corresponds to [34] reported that
stilbenoid compound which belongs to the
phenylpropanoid
family
also
exhibit
bacteriostatic action against MRSA strains.
Generally, phytochemicals or secondary plant
metabolites can prevent and slow the growth
of bacteria compared than kill the pathogens
[35]. In this study, oxacillin and vancomycin
exhibits bactericidal action against ATCC
33591 with the same value of MIC and MBC
and supported by [36].
values is greater than 0.5 but less than 1
which is 0.56. Pterostilbene was capable of
lowering the MIC of oxacillin doubled from
62.50 μg / ml to 31.25 μg / ml against ATCC
33591. Pterostilbene in combination with
vancomycin exhibit additives activity (FIC
1.00) against ATCC 33591. This suggests that
pterostilbene can also act at the same site of
action with vancomycin. Linezolid showed
indifference activity against ATCC 33591 in
the FIC of 1.25. This shows that the combined
action of pterostilbene-linezolid is the same as
action of pterostilbene or linezolid singly.
Therefore, pterostilbene could potentially
targeting different cell wall of oxacillin
actions but more specifically to the site of
action of vancomycin. The result of the
combination between pterostilbene and three
kinds of antibiotics against ATCC 33591 was
shown in Tables 5.
2.3 Result of Time-Kill Assay (TKA)
Result of TKA for ATCC 33591,
showed that growth curve of pterostilbene
singly about the same as growth curve for
positive control, which showed an increase in
the number of bacterial colonies. Pterostilbene
showed no effect either bacteriostatic or
bactericidal. However, the impressive results
produced when pterostilbene combined with
oxacillin. This is because, although
pterostilbene singly not produce a decrease in
the number of bacterial colonies but when
combined, this combination resulting in a
decrease of bacterial colonies. Results of
pterostilbene-oxacillin
combination
for
0.5XKS produce bacteriostatic effect (mean
inhibition
0.5 1 ≤ 4 and antagonistic as FIC
index of more than 4.0 [68].
3.7 Determination of Fractional Inhibitory
Concentration (FIC)
Combination effect of pterostilbene and
three types of antibiotics were assessed using
a checkerboard method to obtain fractional
inhibitory concentration index value (FIC) is
either synergistic, additive, indifference and
antagonistic. Both pterostilbene and selected
antibiotics were prepared in five different
concentrations of 1XMIC, 1 / 2XMIC, 1 /
4XMIC, 1 / 8XMIC, 1 / 16XMIC. Then,
along the x-axis in 96-well microtiter plates,
added 5 μl solution of pterostilbene into each
well from 1 / 16XMIC, 1 / 8XMIC, 1 /
4XMIC, 1 / 2XMIC and 1XMIC. For the yaxis, 5 μl solution of antibiotics was added to
each well in the same order as pterostilbene
[34]. However, 40 μl of MHB were prepared
in each well before pterostilbene and
antibiotic solution is inserted into each well.
Then, 50 μl of bacterial inoculum was added
to each well and the final volume of each well
was 100 μl. Positive control contain MHB and
bacteria inoculum while negative control
consist of MHB and distilled water or
antimicrobial agents. This test is carried out in
triplicate.
After that, the plates were incubated at
37 ° C for 24 hours. Turbidity or the presence
of pellets in the bottom of the well indicates
the presence of bacteria tested. In addition,
the TTC was added to each well and
incubated for 20 minutes up to two hours in a
dark place. A positive result is the presence of
bacterial growth that produces a colour
change to pink while for negative results
produced no colour change. FIC index was
3.8 Time-Kill Assay (TKA)
Time-kill
was
assessed
using
microbroth dilution technique by [69] which
use for confirmatory test of synergistic effect
between pterostilbene and antibiotics. 40 μl
MHB was inserted in the well of microtiter
plate and then 10 μl combination agents (in
ratio 1:1) with a concentration of synergistic
respectively were added. Next, 50 µl of
bacterial inoculum was added and make the
final volume of each well is about 100 µl.
Growth control only contains 50 µl of bacteria
inoculum and 50 µl of MHB. This test is
carried out in triplicate. Then, 96-well
microtiter plate was incubated at 37 ° C and
counting of bacterial colonies was performed
at 0, 4, 8 and 24 hours.
At each of these times, 10 µl of samples
are taken and two-fold dilution was conducted
using normal saline (0.9% NaCl). After that,
spread evenly over MHA using the L-shaped
rod or wire loop and incubated for 24 hours at
37 0C. Bacteria colony count was done to
determine CFU / ml based on each plate
consisting of 10-500 colonies. Certain dilution
factors used to determine the range of the
number of colonies that can be counted on
petri plates. Curve of time-kill was plotted
which y axis represents log10 CFU / ml and
the x axis represents time (hour). Time-kill
assay was performed using three different
concentrations of 0.5X, 1.0X, 2.0X MIC and
synergistic concentration (KS).
Bactericidal effect was defined as a
decrease of ≥ 3 log 10 CFU / ml in colony
count compared to original inoculum after
24hours of incubation [70]. Synergy was
9
The 1st Conference Technology on Biosciences and Social Sciences 2016
defined as a decrease of ≥ 2 log10 CFU / ml in
colony count between the combination agents
with the most active single agent after 24
hours of incubation [37]. Additive effect was
defined as a reduction of
The 1st International Conference Technology on
Biosciences and Social Science 2016
“Industry Based On Knowledges”
17th – 19th November 2016, Convention Hall, Andalas
University, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
Organized by:
Animal Science Faculty of Andalas University
and
Alumbi Center of Universiti Putra Malaysia
i
Organizing Committee
SteeringCommittee:
Rector of Andalas University
Deputy Rector II Andalas University
Dean of Animal Science Faculty
Deputy Dean I of Animal Science Faculty
Deputy Dean II of Animal Science Faculty
Prof. Dr. Ir. Salam N. Aritonang, MS
Prof. Dr. Ir. H.M. Hafil Abbas,MS
Prof. Dr. Ir.Zaituni Udin, M.Sc
Chairman :
Prof. drh. Hj. Endang Purwanti,
Co-Chairman:
Prof. Dr. Ir. Hj.Husmaini,
MS., Ph.D
MP
Secretary:
Dr. drh. Hj.Yulia Yellita, MP
Afriani Sandra, S.Pt., M.Sc
Secretariat:
Hendri Purwanto, S.Pt.,M.Si
Yunizardi, S.Pt.
Arif Trisman, S.Pt.
Rahmat Mulyadi,SE
Treasurer :
Dr. Ir. Elly Roza, MS,
Financial
Dr. Ir.Tinda Afriani, MP.
Dr. Ir. Sabrina, MP
Editors:
drh. H. Yuherman, MS., Ph.D; Dr. Ir. Rusmana Wijaya Setia Ningrat, M.
Rur.Sc,;Dr.Ir. Masrizal, MS.; Dr.Ir. Firda Arlina,MP.; Indri Juliyarsi, SP., MP.; Deni
Novia, S.TP., MP.; Sri Melia, S.TP., MP.; Aronal Arief Putra, S.Pt., M.Sc; Ferawati,S.Pt,
MP.; Yulianti Fitri Kurnia, S.Pt,M.Si
Meet and Greet of UPM Alumny
Prof. Dr. Marlina, Apt.,MS.; Dr. Ir. Adrinal, MS.; Dr. P.K.Dewi Hayati,MS.
ii
Contents
Page
Organizing Committee………………………………………………………………
ii
Content ……………………………………………………………………………..
iii
Preface ………………………………………………………………………….……
iv
List Paper of Oral Presentation …………………………………………………..
v
List Paper of Poster Presentation ………………………………………………..
xii
Keynote Lecturer …………………………………………………………………..
1
Papers of Oral Presentation ………………………………………………………..
25
Animal Science………………………………………………………………………
26
Agricultures…………………………………………….……………………………
198
Medicenes, Public Health, Technics and Natural Sciences …….…………….
344
Economy and Social Sciences ……………………………………………………
425
Papers of Poster Presentation ……………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
491
iii
Preface
iv
List Paper of Oral Presentation
No.
1.
Author’s
Title
Page
ANIMAL SCIENCES
Jumatriatikah Hadrawi, Asep Association Analysis of NRAMP1 Gene 27
Gunawan, Niken Ulupi, and Sri Related to Resistance Against Salmonella
Darwati
pullorum Infection in Kampung Chicken
2.
Ahmad Saleh Harahap, Cece
Sumantri, Niken Ulupi, Sri
Darwati, and Tike Sartika
Polymorphism Calpain-3 (CAPN3) Gene
and Association with Carcass Traits and
Meat Quality in Kampung Chicken
32
3.
Wahyuni, Niken Ulupi and Physical Quality of Broiler Meat Fed Diets
Nahrowi
ContainingMealworm Protein Concentrate
40
4.
Mega Sofia, Cece Sumantri, Identification Polymorphisms of Inos Gene
Niken Ulupi
and Asep and Association with Body ResistanceTrait
Gunawan
in Kampong Chicken
46
5.
Risky Nauly Panjaitan, Niken Investigation of Cadmium Contamination in
Ulupi and Nahrowi
Mealworm, Ration and Broilers’s Feces
51
6.
Woki Bilyaro, Asep Gunawan,
Tuti Suryati, Cece Sumantri,
and Sri Darwati
Devi Kumala Sari, Henny
Nuraini and Tuti Suryati
Malonaldehyde and Fat Contents of
Kampong-meat TypeCrossbreed Chicken
55
Quality of Gelatin Processed from Chicken
Legs (Tarsometa tarsus) Skin with Different
Method
59
8.
Linda
Suhartati,
Asep Physical and Chemical Characteristic of
Gunawan,
Rukmiasih,
Sri Chicken Meat from Kampung x Meat Type
Darwati, Cece Sumantri, Tuti Crossbred Chicken
Suryati,and Isyana Khaerunnisa
64
9.
Teguh Rafian, Jakaria, Niken Evaluated the Effect of Fermented Palm
Ulupi, Yosi Fenita, and Sludge on Burgo Chicken Performance
Muhammad Andriansyah
69
7.
10. Donald John Calvien Hutabarat,
Fransisca Rungkat Zakaria,
Endang Yuli Purwani, and
Maggy Thenawidjaja Suhartono
SCFA Profile of Rice RS Fermentation by
Colonic Microbiota, Clostridium butyricum
BCC B2571, or Eubacterium rectale DSM
17629
v
73
11. Asep Gunawan, Ahmad Furqon, Growth and Carcass Characteristic in
Kasita Listyarini, Jakaria, and Kampong x Broiler Crossbred Divergently
Cece Sumantri
Selected for Unsaturated Fatty Acid
84
12. Niken Ulupi, Cece Sumatri and Resistance against Salmonella pullorumin
Sri Darwati
IPB-D1
Crossbreed,
Kampong
and
Commercial Broiler Chicken
13. Angelia Utari Harahap
Effects of Wheat Leaf Noni (Morinda
citrifolia) on Carcass and Production Quail
Eggs (Coturnix Coturnix Javonica) in the
Different Level Concentrate
88
14. Armein Lusi Zeswita, Vivi Microbial Analysis on Freshwater Shell
Fitriani and Nursyahra
(Corbicula sumatrana) in Singkarak Lake
Solok District West Sumatra
96
15. Syaiful F. L, E. Purwati, Suardi, Analysis of Estradiol and Progesterone
and T.Afriani
Hormone Levels Against Various Cell
Culture in TCM- 199 Medium for Cattle In
vitro
16. Harissatria,
Jaswandi,
and Acceleration Time Equilibration Cauda
Hendri
Epididymis Spermatozoa Buffalo with
Addition of Antioxidant Gluthatione
100
17. Jhon Hendri and Harris Satria
Buffalo Embryo Maturation Optimization in
Vitro with Addition Glutathione
113
18. Khalil, Reswati, Y.F. kurnia, Blood Mineral Profiles of Simmental Breed
Indahwati and Yuherman
Cattle with Different Feeding Systems and
Reproduction Statues in Payakumbuh
Region West Sumatra, Indonesia
118
19. Lendrawati, A. Rahmat and J. Performance of Broiler Chicken Fed
M. Nur
Turmeric and Zinc Mineral under Heat
Stress
20. Muslim
Utilization
of
Plant
Titonia
Flowers (Tithonia diversifolia) in The
Ration on The Performans of Broiler
122
21. Resolinda Harly, Almasdi and Analysis of Factors Influence Palm Oil
Sri Mulyani
Farmers Personal Income Trough Buffalo’s
Breeding
132
22. Retno Wilyani and
Hisyam Hermawan
136
Moch Nutritional Value of Persimmon Yoghurt
(Dyospyros kaki) as Healthy Soft Drink to
Make Healthy and Fitness: An Analysis
vi
92
109
126
23. Zulfa Elymaizar, Arnim, Salam In-Vitro Rumen Digestibility of Goat Feed
N Aritonang, Mardiati Zein, and by Patikan Kerbau (Euphorbia hirta L.)
Elly Roza
Herbal Supplemented
145
24. Salam N. Aritonang, Elly Roza The Adding of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
and Lailya Rahma
on Moisture, Acidity and Lactic Acid
Bacteria Colony Count of Yogurt from
Goat’s Milk
150
25. Yuherman, Nur Asmaq and Characteristics and Antimicrobial Activity
Endang Purwati
of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Dadih
of Agam Regency
156
26. Yunizardi Ade Rakhmadi, and
Endang Purwati
Effect of Addition White Oyster Mushroom
(Pleurotus ostreatus) and Carrot (Daucus
carota L) In Probiotic Duck Nugget On
Protein, Calcium and Organoleptic Value
161
and The Potential Of Dadiah From 50 Kota
District, West Sumatra as a Probiotic Food
Based On Total of Lactic Acid Bacteria
170
27. Yulianti Fitri
Endang Purwati
Kurnia
28. Tertia Delia Nova, Sabrina and The Effect of level Flour turmeric
trianawati
(Curcuma domestica Val) ration toward
carcass local duck
29. T. Astuti, G. Yelni, Nurhaita, Effect of the Form Complete Feed With
and Y. Amir
Basis Fermented Palm Oil Fronds on the
Content of Moisture, Crude Lipid, and Crude
Protein for Ruminants
174
185
AGRICULTURES
30. Azwar Rasyidn, Gusmini, Ade Soil Microbes Diversity Between Hilly and
Fitriadi and Yulmira Yanti
Volcanic Physiography And Their Effect To
Soil Fertility
190
31. Dafni Mawar Tarigan, Bambang Application of Green Manure and Rabbits
SAS, and Hasanul Arifin Urine Affect Morphological Characters of
Marmen
Sweet Corn Plant (Zea mays saccharata Sturt)
in Lowland of Deli Serdang District
200
32. Dewi Rezki, Siska Efendi, and Humic Substance Characterization of Lignite
Herviyanti
as a Source of Organic Material
33. Jamilah, Sri Mulyani, and Nutritional Composition of Ruminant Forage
Derived from Rice Crops (Oryza Sativa L.)
Juniarti
that Applicated by C.odorata Compost
205
34. Mega Andini,
Kuswandi
216
Riska,
and Effectiveness of Liquid Smoke to Control
Mealybug on Papaya
vii
208
35. M.Said Siregar, Arif Kurniawan, Study on the Manufacture of Nuggets from
and Syakir Naim Siregar
Natural Rubber Seed (HeveaBrasil sis Mull.
Arg)
220
36. Muhammad Thamrin,
Novita, Fitria Darma
Desi Factors Affecting Farmers Decision to
Convert Wetland
227
37. Riry Prihatini, Yulia Irawati, The Occurrence of Somaclonal Variation on
Yosi Zendra Joni, and Sri The Pineapple In vitro Culture as Detected by
Hadiati
Molecular Markers
238
38. Riska and Jumjunidang
Competitiveness of Fusarium oxysporum. sp
cubense VCGs 01213/16 (Tropical race 4)
Among Several VCGs in Race 4 on Ambon
Hijau Cultivar
244
39. Fridarti and Sri Mulyani
Changes nutrients by microbial fermentation
chocolate waste indigenous result of the
additional mineral phosphor and sulphur
in-vitro
252
Fitriana Clustering and genetic distance some salak
species
(Salacca
spp)
based
on
morphological characters
256
Sutrisno, Optimalization Flour Composite Nutritiose as
Jaka Basic Materials Processing for Food Products
264
40. Sri Hadiati
Nasution
and
41. Asep
Dedy
YusmanTaufik,
Rukmana
42. Sri Utami,
Ermeli
and
Suryawati
and KNO3 Concentration and Soaking Time
Effect on Breaking Seed Dormancy and Seed
Growth of Sour-Sop (Annona muricata L.)
272
43. Susilawati, Dewi Sartika, and Effect of Kepok Banana (musa paradisiaca
Mochamad Karel Saputra
linn) Peel Flour Addition as a Stabilizer on
Chemical and Organoleptic Properties of Ice
Cream
44. Ubad
Badrudin,
Syakiroh The effect of soil submersion duration and
Jazilah, and Budi Prakoso
ameliorant types on growth and yield of
shallot at Brebes Regency
278
45. Yulfi Desi, Trimurti Habazar, Disease progress of Stewart’s Wilt (Pantoea
Ujang Khairul, and Agustian
stewartii subsp. stewartii) on sweet corn
293
46. Yusnaweti
On growth response and results of upland rice
due to the allotment of some a dose of
compost bamboo leaves
300
47. Fadriani Widya, Darmawan, Rice husk biochar application in traditional
and Adrinal
paddy soil and its effect of nutrients vertical
distribution
306
viii
287
48. Ragapadmi Purnamaningsih, Ika Embryogenic Callus Induction and Globular
Roostika, and Sri Hutami
Embryo Formation of Kopyor Coconut
(Cocos nucifera L.)
313
49. A. Sparta, L. Octriana, Nofiarli, The Role of Cow Manure to Reduce The
N. Marta, Kuswandi, M. Need of Nutrient N Inorganic In Banana
Andini, and Y. Irawati
Plant Vegetative Growth
320
50. Desi Ardilla, Herla Rusmarilin, Study The Physical And Chemical
and Adi Purnama
Properties Of Bioethanol From Pineapple
Skin (Ananas comusus L.Merr )
325
51 Masyhura MD, Budi Suarti, and Increase Moringa Leaf Powder and Long
Evan Ardyanto AS
Roasting on Protein Content in the Making
of Cookies from Mocaf (Modified Cassava
Flour)
331
MEDICINES, PUBLIC HEALTH, ENGINEERING, AND NATURAL SCIENCES
52. Ayulia Fardila Sari ZA, Putri Implementation of Hospital Information
Nilam Sari, and Muthia Sari
System in RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang 2016
336
53. Dien GA Nursal, Rizanda
Implementation Patient Safety Standards in
Machmud, Eryati Darwin, Nana Basic
Emergency
Obstetric
Care
Mulyana
Community Health Center (BEOC_CHC)
Padang
54. Dewi Sartika, Susilawati, and Survey of Salmonella Contaminated
Mumpuni Uji Kawedar
Vannamei Shrimps in Lampung
344
55. Ferra Yanuar
Determinants of Birth Weight at Various
Quantiles in West Sumatra
358
56. Hardany Primarizky, Ira Sari Detection
Of
Osteoporosis
in
Yudaniayanti,
and
Djoko Ovariohysterectomized
Cats
(Felis
Galijono
Domesticus) based on Serum Osteocalcin
Levels
57. Nefilinda
Influence of Education and Local Wisdom
on Environment Villages in Minangkabau
363
58. Masri, E., Asmira,S and
Verawati
375
Local Food Development from Combination
Siarang Variety Of Black Rice (Oryza
Sativa L.Indica) And Yellow Pumpkin
(Cucurbita
Moschata) To Prevent
Anemia For Pregnant Women
59. Suryani,
Zulmardi,
Abdi Development of Antimicrobial Analysis of
Dharma, Yunazar Manjang, and Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from VCO
Febria Elvy Susanti
(Virgin Coconut Oil) Fermentation Process
Against Bacteria in The Secretion of CSOM
ix
351
368
380
60. Suci
Rahayu,
Darmawan The Influence of Dicamba in Combination
Saptadi, and Febi Reza Fitriani with BAP on Callus Induction and
Proliferation of Centella (Centella asiatica
L.)
387
61. Christina
J.
R.
E.
Lumbantobing,
Endang
Purwati, Sumaryati Syukur, and
Eti Yerizel
Triglyceride lowering effect of Garcinia
atroviridis leaf tea from Sijunjung - West
Sumatra on obese subjects in Medan, North
Sumatra
395
62. Netty Suharti
Preparation and Characterization of Ethanol
Extract of Mychorryzae Induced Ginger as
Raw Matherial for Anti Breast cancer Nano
suspension Formulation
404
63. Misril Fuadi, Mahmud T.M. Effect of Benzyladenine (BA) and
Mohamed,
Mohd.
Fauzi Duration of Shading onGrowth and
Ramlan, Yahya Awang
408
Quality of Dracaena sanderiana and
Codiaeum variegatum
ECONOMY AND SOCIAL SCI ENCES
64. Andri,
Ida
and Rahmi Wati
Indrayani
Technical Efficiency Analysis of Poultry
in District of 50 Kota (Stochastic Frontier
Production Function Approach)
417
65. Arif Fadhillah
Teaching Accounting in Business School:
A Personal Reflection
422
66. Wijaya Edo Rantou
Analysis
Influence
of
Technical
Competence on Company's Performance In
Electrical Engineering Company In
Bandung
427
67. Ike Revita, R. Trioclarise, Inesti Reflections Of Social Reality In The
Printa Elisya
Activities Of Women Trafficking In West
Sumatera
435
68. Ira Apriyanti, Desi Novita, and
Pandhu Ahmad Pangestu
Efficiency of Marketing Distribution of
Palm Oil in Sub District of Selesai Regency
of Langkat
440
69. Yeyep Natrio, Afdhal Rinsik, The Occurance Of Transitivity And
Gusmaizal Syandri
Suicidal
Motives On Famous Public
Figure`S Suicide Letters
70. Yusmarni
An
analysis
of
Marketing
Efficiency
of Sapodilla in Nagari
Sumpur sub district of Tanah Datar, West
Sumatera
446
x
457
71. Jusuf Wahyudi, Hesti Nur’aini Information Systems of Eradication Pests
and Lina Widawati
and Diseases Crops for Agriculture
Extension Instructor
464
72. Desi Novita and Ira Apriyanti
The Regional Investment Competitiveness
In Binjai City
469
Desi The Impact of Rising Soybean Prices to
Tofu Industry Small Scale in Medan
474
73. Khairunnisa Rangkuti,
Novita, and Bima Mahdi
xi
List of Poster
No.
1.
2.
Author’s
Title
ANIMAL SCIENCES
Wahidin Teguh Sasongko, Total Gas Production, Methane and Rumen
Teguh
Wahyono,
Shintia Fermentation Characteristics of Rejected
Nugrahini Wahyu Hardani, and Soybean Meal Protected by Jackfruit
Firsoni
Leaves
Nita Yessirita, Tinda Afriani, The Supplementation of Amino Acid
and Sunadi
Methionine-Lysine on the Protein Quality
of Leucaena Leaf Meal Fermented with
Bacillus laterosporus
AGRICULTURES
Widjaja, Optimization Of Koji Concentration And
Fermentation Time To Characteristics Of
Modified Sorgum (Sorghum Bicolor L
Monench) Flour
Page
484
492
3.
Willy
Pranata
Sumartini
499
4.
Kuswandi, Makful, Sahlan, and Evaluation Performance Of Some Hybrid
Mega Andini
Of Watermelon From Indonesian Tropical
Fruit Research Institute
508
5.
A. Sparta, R, Triatminingsih, The Using of Thidiazuron to Induce the
Y.Z. Joni, and Nofiarli
Mangoesteen Shoot (Garcinia mangostana
L.) by Direct Organogenesis
513
6.
Ira Sari Yudaniayanti, Bambang Healing Quality
Of Femoral
Sektiari L., and Hardany Fractures In Ovariectomized Rats
Primarizky
517
7.
Sri Hadiati and Tri Budiyanti
Parameters Genetic of Fruit Component
Characters on Snake Fruit (Salacca sp.)
525
8.
Riry Prihatini, Tri Budiyanti, Genetic Variability of Indonesian Papaya
and Noflindawati
(carica spp.) as Revealed by RAPD (Rapid
Amplified Polymorphic DNA)
530
9.
Regina Andayani
Yunianti
Fivi The Effects of Oxidation And Thermolysis
Reaction on a-Mangostin Content in the
Ethyl Acetate Extract of Mangosteen Rind
(Garcinia mangostana L.) by High
Performance Liquid Chromatography
538
10. Nini Marta, Kuswandi, Liza The effectiveness test of herbicides 2,4 D,
Octriana, and Nofiarli
glyphosate, paraquat on low dose as growth
regulator on papaya seedling
545
With
Therapy
Of
Cissus
Quadrangularis Extract Shown by
The Expression Of Type I Collagen
and
xii
The 1st Conference Technology on Biosciences and Social Sciences 2016
KEYNOTE LECTURER
1
The 1st Conference Technology on Biosciences and Social Sciences 2016
Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of the Additive Combination
of Pterostilbene and Oxacillin against Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 33591
Dayang Fredalina Basri*, Siti Fairuz Ishak, Ahmad Rohi Ghazali, Noraziah Mohamad Zin
School of Diagnostic & Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: dayang@ukm.edu.my
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was initially limited to hospital
and healthcare facilities but has gradually become a growing problem in healthy children and
adult. Pterostilbene belongs to the phenylpropanoid phytoalexin which is involved in plant
response to various pathogen and herbivores attack. The aim of this study was to evaluate the
anti-MRSA action of pterostilbene in combination with selected antibiotics such as
vancomycin, linezolid and oxacillin against MRSA ATCC 33591. The minimum inhibitory
concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of individual
antimicrobial agents were determined using microbroth dilution technique whereas the
microdilution checkerboard (MDC) assay was employed to verify the type of interaction of the
combined agents from the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index values. Time- kill
assay (TKA) analysis and post-antibiotic effect (PAE) time were determined only on the
combination which showed synergistic interaction. Cell morphology and ultrastructural
changes of the treated and untreated strains were also observed. The MIC and MBC of
pterostilbene against ATCC 33591 were 31.25μg/ml and 62.50μg/ml, respectively. This
indicated that pterostilbene was bacteriostatic against ATCC 33591. MDC results showed that
pterostilbene-oxacillin combination exhibited lowest FIC value (0.56) for ATCC 33591 which
implies partial synergistic interaction. On the other hand, combination of pterostilbene and
vancomycin generated an additive effect (FIC 1.00) whereas pterostilbene-linezolid
combination displayed indifference effects with FIC of 1.25 against MRSA ATCC 33591.
Despite the partial synergism, TKA proved an additive effect for the combination of
pterostilbene and oxacillin against ATCC 33591 with concentration-dependent bactericidal
action within 24 hour. After one hour exposure at 10X-MIC, prolonged PAE time of 2.6 ±
1.48 hour against ATCC 33591 was demonstrated by pterostilbene-oxacillin combination
treatment compared to pterostilbene (2.02 ± 0.36 hour) and oxacillin (0.53 ± 0.28 hour) alone.
Scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations revealed that pterostilbene
targeted the cell wall which is the same site of action as oxacillin hence additive effects by the
combination treatment. In conclusion, pterostilbene in combination with oxacillin showed
partial synergism with bactericidal and persistent antimicrobial effect against MRSA ATCC
33591. Therefore, pterostilbene has the potential to be developed as an alternative
phytotherapeutic agent against MRSA infections.
Keywords: Pterostilbene, MRSA, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum
Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC),
Bactericidal, Time-Kill Assay (TKA), Post-Antibiotic Effect (PAE).
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The 1st Conference Technology on Biosciences and Social Sciences 2016
known as stilbene [14]. Stilbene was
secondary metabolites of the plants that
formed from flavonoid biosynthesis pathway
and belongs to the family of phenylpropanoid
[15]. Pterostilbene found in sandalwood
Pterocarpus santalinus by [16], hardwood of
Pterocarpus marsupium by [17], leaves of
Vitis vinifera by [18] and also found in some
species of Vaccinium
berries [19].
Pterostilbene also is an analog of resveratrol
found in grapes and blueberries [20]. This
component is biologically classified as a
phytoalexin. Antimicrobial phytoalexin is a
plants defense system which is involved in
plant response to various pathogen and
herbivores attack [15].
In addition, antibiotics used in this study
were vancomycin, oxacillin and linezolid.
Vancomycin and oxacillin known as agents
that target cell wall while lonezolid targeting
protein synthesis [21,22,23]. Evaluation on
the morphology and ultrastructure of cells
after treatment studies using electron
microscopy.
Transmission
electron
microscope (TEM) is typically used by
microbiologists to study on intracellular or
cell wall structure [24,25,26,27]. Scanning
electron microscope (SEM) was used to study
the surface of the cell and its features
[28,29,30,31].
1. Introduction
Staphylococcus aureus is a normal
microflora that can be found in the skin and
nose of healthy people. However, these
bacteria will become opportunistic pathogens
when these bacteria enter the human body
through small surgical wound or trauma on
someone who has weakened immune system
causing skin and soft tissue infections [1].
Infections caused by S. aureus have been
treated with various antibiotics such as
penicillin, macrolides and aminoglycosides.
However, these bacteria have managed to
grow and resistant against various type of
antibiotic [2]. The emergence of MRSA not
only give special attention because of
resistance against methicillin but also due to
resistant against almost all kinds of existing
antibiotics even though there are new
antibacterial drugs on the market [3,4]. These
bacteria caused many infections in
communities such as endemic and epidemic
nosocomial infections [5].
Therefore, to find ways and strategies to
prevent or delay the development of
resistance of MRSA, various studies have
been conducted to find an alternative
treatment to overcome this phenomenon from
becoming more serious. The step is to use a
combination of antimicrobial therapy that
consists of existing antibiotics and plant
extracts [6]. Natural products and their
derivatives have been identified over the years
as a source of therapeutic agent [7,8]. Natural
products derived from plants, animals and
minerals has been the basis for the treatment
of humans since long ago [9,10,11]. Natural
product is an organic or chemical compounds
produced by living organisms in nature that
usually have a pharmacological or biological
activity that are valuable and can be used in
the invention and design of drugs [12].
Phytochemicals
are
bioactive
compounds derived from plants and the term
is often used to describe a large number of
secondary metabolites [13]. Pterostilbene is a
component that belongs to a phenolic group
2. Results and Discussion
2.1 Determination of MIC and MBC value.
MIC and MBC of pterostilbene for
MRSA ATCC 33591 was 31.25 µg / ml and
62.50 µg / ml (Table 1). The MBC is two-fold
higher than the MIC for both strains.
Therefore, this indicated that pterostilbene has
potential as an antimicrobial agent that
produce bacteriostatic effects. MIC and MBC
values of oxacillin against ATCC 33591 was
same, each value 62.50 µg/ ml (Table 2).
Therefore, oxacillin exhibit antimicrobial
bactericidal agent. The MIC and MBC of
vancomycin against ATCC 33591 was same,
0.98μg / ml (Table 3). Therefore, this suggests
that vancomycin exhibits bactericidal activity
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The 1st Conference Technology on Biosciences and Social Sciences 2016
against ATCC 33591. MIC values of linezolid
against MRSA ATCC 33591 was 1.56 μg / ml
(Table 4). MBC values for linezolid shows
that linezolid displayed bacteriostatic activity
against MRSA strain which is four times
higher than the MIC of ATCC 33591.
This study showed that pterostilbene
exhibit stronger antibacterial properties than
oxacillin on MRSA ATCC 33591.
Pterostilbene is a phytoalexin which belongs
to the phenylpropanoid family that involved
in plant response to various pathogens and
herbivores attack [15]. Comparison with
antibiotics that are used in this study as
current therapy against MRSA infection,
suggesting that the antimicrobial activity of
pterostilbene is lower than linezolid and
vancomycin on ATCC 33591. It is supported
by [32] which states that phytochemicals
produce lower activity compared to standard
antibiotics.
Pterostilbene may be able to reduce the
problem of microbial resistance that was
supported
by
[33]
reported
that
phytochemicals capable of exhibiting
significant potential for changing the
resistivity of an antibiotic. Although the
antimicrobial effectiveness of pterostilbene
stronger than oxacillin but pterostilbene
showed bacteriostatic effect same like
linezolid with MBC value exceeds the MIC.
This corresponds to [34] reported that
stilbenoid compound which belongs to the
phenylpropanoid
family
also
exhibit
bacteriostatic action against MRSA strains.
Generally, phytochemicals or secondary plant
metabolites can prevent and slow the growth
of bacteria compared than kill the pathogens
[35]. In this study, oxacillin and vancomycin
exhibits bactericidal action against ATCC
33591 with the same value of MIC and MBC
and supported by [36].
values is greater than 0.5 but less than 1
which is 0.56. Pterostilbene was capable of
lowering the MIC of oxacillin doubled from
62.50 μg / ml to 31.25 μg / ml against ATCC
33591. Pterostilbene in combination with
vancomycin exhibit additives activity (FIC
1.00) against ATCC 33591. This suggests that
pterostilbene can also act at the same site of
action with vancomycin. Linezolid showed
indifference activity against ATCC 33591 in
the FIC of 1.25. This shows that the combined
action of pterostilbene-linezolid is the same as
action of pterostilbene or linezolid singly.
Therefore, pterostilbene could potentially
targeting different cell wall of oxacillin
actions but more specifically to the site of
action of vancomycin. The result of the
combination between pterostilbene and three
kinds of antibiotics against ATCC 33591 was
shown in Tables 5.
2.3 Result of Time-Kill Assay (TKA)
Result of TKA for ATCC 33591,
showed that growth curve of pterostilbene
singly about the same as growth curve for
positive control, which showed an increase in
the number of bacterial colonies. Pterostilbene
showed no effect either bacteriostatic or
bactericidal. However, the impressive results
produced when pterostilbene combined with
oxacillin. This is because, although
pterostilbene singly not produce a decrease in
the number of bacterial colonies but when
combined, this combination resulting in a
decrease of bacterial colonies. Results of
pterostilbene-oxacillin
combination
for
0.5XKS produce bacteriostatic effect (mean
inhibition
0.5 1 ≤ 4 and antagonistic as FIC
index of more than 4.0 [68].
3.7 Determination of Fractional Inhibitory
Concentration (FIC)
Combination effect of pterostilbene and
three types of antibiotics were assessed using
a checkerboard method to obtain fractional
inhibitory concentration index value (FIC) is
either synergistic, additive, indifference and
antagonistic. Both pterostilbene and selected
antibiotics were prepared in five different
concentrations of 1XMIC, 1 / 2XMIC, 1 /
4XMIC, 1 / 8XMIC, 1 / 16XMIC. Then,
along the x-axis in 96-well microtiter plates,
added 5 μl solution of pterostilbene into each
well from 1 / 16XMIC, 1 / 8XMIC, 1 /
4XMIC, 1 / 2XMIC and 1XMIC. For the yaxis, 5 μl solution of antibiotics was added to
each well in the same order as pterostilbene
[34]. However, 40 μl of MHB were prepared
in each well before pterostilbene and
antibiotic solution is inserted into each well.
Then, 50 μl of bacterial inoculum was added
to each well and the final volume of each well
was 100 μl. Positive control contain MHB and
bacteria inoculum while negative control
consist of MHB and distilled water or
antimicrobial agents. This test is carried out in
triplicate.
After that, the plates were incubated at
37 ° C for 24 hours. Turbidity or the presence
of pellets in the bottom of the well indicates
the presence of bacteria tested. In addition,
the TTC was added to each well and
incubated for 20 minutes up to two hours in a
dark place. A positive result is the presence of
bacterial growth that produces a colour
change to pink while for negative results
produced no colour change. FIC index was
3.8 Time-Kill Assay (TKA)
Time-kill
was
assessed
using
microbroth dilution technique by [69] which
use for confirmatory test of synergistic effect
between pterostilbene and antibiotics. 40 μl
MHB was inserted in the well of microtiter
plate and then 10 μl combination agents (in
ratio 1:1) with a concentration of synergistic
respectively were added. Next, 50 µl of
bacterial inoculum was added and make the
final volume of each well is about 100 µl.
Growth control only contains 50 µl of bacteria
inoculum and 50 µl of MHB. This test is
carried out in triplicate. Then, 96-well
microtiter plate was incubated at 37 ° C and
counting of bacterial colonies was performed
at 0, 4, 8 and 24 hours.
At each of these times, 10 µl of samples
are taken and two-fold dilution was conducted
using normal saline (0.9% NaCl). After that,
spread evenly over MHA using the L-shaped
rod or wire loop and incubated for 24 hours at
37 0C. Bacteria colony count was done to
determine CFU / ml based on each plate
consisting of 10-500 colonies. Certain dilution
factors used to determine the range of the
number of colonies that can be counted on
petri plates. Curve of time-kill was plotted
which y axis represents log10 CFU / ml and
the x axis represents time (hour). Time-kill
assay was performed using three different
concentrations of 0.5X, 1.0X, 2.0X MIC and
synergistic concentration (KS).
Bactericidal effect was defined as a
decrease of ≥ 3 log 10 CFU / ml in colony
count compared to original inoculum after
24hours of incubation [70]. Synergy was
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The 1st Conference Technology on Biosciences and Social Sciences 2016
defined as a decrease of ≥ 2 log10 CFU / ml in
colony count between the combination agents
with the most active single agent after 24
hours of incubation [37]. Additive effect was
defined as a reduction of