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9,
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WHAT we learn to know when visiting a country are its forms and
colours, and the character of its landscape.
At a first glance Georgia is bewitching, and this impression
deepens as the endless variety of its pictures disclose themselves
to our view. From a sea coast, with sub-tropical vegetation, the
Caucasus rises to a height of more than fifteen thousand feet. The
German explorer, Merzbacher, relates in his book, “The Caucasian
Highlands,” that from the summit of Elbrus (18,000 feet), he
enjoyed a view which made such a powerful impression that
compared with it the peaks of the Central Alps only left a feeble
remembrance.
He also declares that the Via Mala, the Tamina, the Liechtenstein
Gorge, and other renowned places, were left far behind by the
wild, rocky scenery of the Tchegen, or of the Alasan and Korsuf
rivers. Neither the Bernese; Oberland nor Engadine, neither
Judikarien nor Cortina came near to equalling the Swanetnian
landscape in the grandeur of its proportions, in the harmony of its
parts, in the wealth of its vegetation, or in the splendour of its
colours.
I have quoted the testimony of the classic explorer of the
mountains and peoples of the Caucasus, as I was prevented from
enjoying its beauties on the spot.
Merzbacher was as well acquainted with the Alps as with the
Caucasus, and others, who know both mountain ranges, consider
the beauty and dimensions of the Caucasus to be superior to those
of the Alps. If the reader will imagine the Bay of Naples to be a
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part of Switzerland, he will get an idea of the variety and
perfection of nature to be found in Georgia.
Georgia not only combines sub-tropical coasts and glaciers, but
also contains a great fulness of vegetation, produced by the
tropical heat and great humidity, and close to this are and desert
regions. There is also a surprising number of medicinal springs of
various kinds, which burst out of the volcanic soil.
Georgia has much to offer to invalids as well as to nature lovers
and artists. Before the war, tourists and invalids, both from Russia
and from Western Europe, had begun to visit the wonderful
country whose attractions were heightened by the fact that, unlike
Switzerland and Italy, they were in many respects as yet untried.
In the Caucasus there are virgin forests and remote valleys which
no stranger has hitherto trodden. An evidence of the primitive
character of the country is furnished by the circumstance that large
beasts of prey are constantly met with there, as well as other kinds
of wild animals. Bear’s flesh comes into the market at Tiflis for
sale, like beef with us, and at no higher price. On one occasion
when, out of curiosity, I bought some bear’s flesh, I asked where
the bear had been shot, and was informed fifty miles from Tiflis –
quite near the capital, and not in some remote Caucasian valley.
But Georgia is not only a veritable paradise for tourists, sportsmen
and invalids. Nature, also, felt obliged to please the economists.
Natural beauty and richness of soil, which are so seldom, found
together, are combined in Georgia to an extraordinary degree. The
soil is extremely fruitful and capable of bearing rich harvests of
southern and northern products, according to the position of the
land. Oranges, figs, olives and tea flourish on the coast of the
Black Sea, and cotton is cultivated towards Azerbaijan. Maize,
wheat or barley are sown almost everywhere. Georgia is
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particularly rich in excellent wine, and seems to be the home of
the grape, which grows wild in the woods. Tobacco also thrives
very well, and, in quality, seems to be better than that of
Trebizond. Nowhere have I seen such abundance of fruit as in
Georgia, and in this respect it can only he compared with
California. The Georgian mountains, especially the Caucasus, are
infinitely rich in valuable woods. In minerals, too, Georgia
conceals great treasures, of which the most important is the
manganese of Tchiaturi, which ranks as the richest in the world.
The three most considerable deposits of manganese are to be
found in Brazil, India and Georgia. In 1913 these countries
exported:
Brazil
122,000 tons of manganese.
India
772,366
Georgia 1,061,731
Rich seams of coal are found in Georgia in at least two places,
and, in addition, iron, copper, lead, zinc, etc.
In antiquity the country was famed for its gold (whence the legend
of the Golden Fleece), but no gold mines are worked to-day. In
many copper and zinc mines small admixtures of gold are found in
the ore.
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9,
Karl Kautsky
Halaman 7
WHAT we learn to know when visiting a country are its forms and
colours, and the character of its landscape.
At a first glance Georgia is bewitching, and this impression
deepens as the endless variety of its pictures disclose themselves
to our view. From a sea coast, with sub-tropical vegetation, the
Caucasus rises to a height of more than fifteen thousand feet. The
German explorer, Merzbacher, relates in his book, “The Caucasian
Highlands,” that from the summit of Elbrus (18,000 feet), he
enjoyed a view which made such a powerful impression that
compared with it the peaks of the Central Alps only left a feeble
remembrance.
He also declares that the Via Mala, the Tamina, the Liechtenstein
Gorge, and other renowned places, were left far behind by the
wild, rocky scenery of the Tchegen, or of the Alasan and Korsuf
rivers. Neither the Bernese; Oberland nor Engadine, neither
Judikarien nor Cortina came near to equalling the Swanetnian
landscape in the grandeur of its proportions, in the harmony of its
parts, in the wealth of its vegetation, or in the splendour of its
colours.
I have quoted the testimony of the classic explorer of the
mountains and peoples of the Caucasus, as I was prevented from
enjoying its beauties on the spot.
Merzbacher was as well acquainted with the Alps as with the
Caucasus, and others, who know both mountain ranges, consider
the beauty and dimensions of the Caucasus to be superior to those
of the Alps. If the reader will imagine the Bay of Naples to be a
Karl Kautsky
Halaman 8
part of Switzerland, he will get an idea of the variety and
perfection of nature to be found in Georgia.
Georgia not only combines sub-tropical coasts and glaciers, but
also contains a great fulness of vegetation, produced by the
tropical heat and great humidity, and close to this are and desert
regions. There is also a surprising number of medicinal springs of
various kinds, which burst out of the volcanic soil.
Georgia has much to offer to invalids as well as to nature lovers
and artists. Before the war, tourists and invalids, both from Russia
and from Western Europe, had begun to visit the wonderful
country whose attractions were heightened by the fact that, unlike
Switzerland and Italy, they were in many respects as yet untried.
In the Caucasus there are virgin forests and remote valleys which
no stranger has hitherto trodden. An evidence of the primitive
character of the country is furnished by the circumstance that large
beasts of prey are constantly met with there, as well as other kinds
of wild animals. Bear’s flesh comes into the market at Tiflis for
sale, like beef with us, and at no higher price. On one occasion
when, out of curiosity, I bought some bear’s flesh, I asked where
the bear had been shot, and was informed fifty miles from Tiflis –
quite near the capital, and not in some remote Caucasian valley.
But Georgia is not only a veritable paradise for tourists, sportsmen
and invalids. Nature, also, felt obliged to please the economists.
Natural beauty and richness of soil, which are so seldom, found
together, are combined in Georgia to an extraordinary degree. The
soil is extremely fruitful and capable of bearing rich harvests of
southern and northern products, according to the position of the
land. Oranges, figs, olives and tea flourish on the coast of the
Black Sea, and cotton is cultivated towards Azerbaijan. Maize,
wheat or barley are sown almost everywhere. Georgia is
Karl Kautsky
Halaman 9
particularly rich in excellent wine, and seems to be the home of
the grape, which grows wild in the woods. Tobacco also thrives
very well, and, in quality, seems to be better than that of
Trebizond. Nowhere have I seen such abundance of fruit as in
Georgia, and in this respect it can only he compared with
California. The Georgian mountains, especially the Caucasus, are
infinitely rich in valuable woods. In minerals, too, Georgia
conceals great treasures, of which the most important is the
manganese of Tchiaturi, which ranks as the richest in the world.
The three most considerable deposits of manganese are to be
found in Brazil, India and Georgia. In 1913 these countries
exported:
Brazil
122,000 tons of manganese.
India
772,366
Georgia 1,061,731
Rich seams of coal are found in Georgia in at least two places,
and, in addition, iron, copper, lead, zinc, etc.
In antiquity the country was famed for its gold (whence the legend
of the Golden Fleece), but no gold mines are worked to-day. In
many copper and zinc mines small admixtures of gold are found in
the ore.
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