Studi Penyediaan Nanokristal dari Tandan Kosong Sawit (TKS)
xlix
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Atalla, R. H., 1989. In: C. Schuerch (Eds). Cellulose and Wood,Chemistry and
Technology, Proceedings of the Cellulose Conferences Wiley Interscience. New
York: John Willey and Sons, Inc.
Banerjee, R., H. Chen and J. Wu., 1996. Milk Protein-based Edible Film Mechanical
Strength Changes Due to Ultrasound Process .J. Food Sci.61(4)
Benziman, M., Haigler, C. H., Brown, R. M. J., White, A. R., and Cooper, K. M., 1980.
USA: National of Science.
Bilmeyer, F. W., 1984. Textbook of Polymer Science . Third Edition. New York: John
Willey & Sons, Inc.
Bledzki, A-K, Gassan J., 1990. Composites Reinforced with Cellulose Based Fibres . Prog
Polym Sci.
Casey, P., 1960. Pulp and Paper Chemistry and Chemical Technology. Volume I. Second
Edition. New York: Intercsience Publisher.
Cowd, M. A., 1991. Kimia Polimer. Bandung: ITB.
Darnoko.1995. Pembuatan Pulp dari Tandan Kosong Sawit dengan Penambahan
Surfaktan, Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit. Volume 3. Medan.
Dodd, J. W., 1987. Thermal Methods. New York: John Willey and Sons, Inc.
Ewing, G. W., 1960. Instrumental Method Of Chemical Analysis. Second Edition. New
York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.
Fauzi, I. Y., 2003. Kelapa Sawit. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya.
Favier, V. H., Chanzy and J. Y., Cavaille. Polymer Nanocomposite Reinforced by
Cellulose Whisker. Macromolecules.
Fengel, D., 1995. Kimia Ultra Struktur Reaksi – Reaksi. Cetakan Pertama. Yogyakarta:
UGM Press.
Goodger, E. M., 1976. Hydrocarbon Fuels, Production, Properties, and Performance of
Liquid and Gases. London: MacMillan.
Habibi, Y., L. A., Lucia and O.J. Rojas. 2010. Cellulose Nanocrystal: Chemistry.SelfAssembly and Application . Chemistry Revisi.
Herawan. 1999. Proses Pengomposan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Skala Semi
Produksi. Volume 7. Medan: PPKS.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
l
Horri, F., Yakamoto, H., Kitamaru, R., Tanahashi, M and Higushi, T., 1987.
Transformation of Native Cellulose Crystal Induced by Saturated Stemat Higt
Temperature. Macromolecules.
Keil, F. J., 2007. Modeling of Process Esterification.Ultrasonic Vs. Microwave Extraction
Intensification of Active Principles from Medicinal Plants.
Machessault, R. H. Sundararajan, P. R., 1983. In The Polysaccharides.New York:
Academic Press.
Miller, A. F. and A .M. Donald.Imaging of Anisotropic Cellulose Suspension Using
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy. Biomacromolecules.
Nelson, M. L. and O’Connor, R. T., 1964. Relation of Certain Infrar ed Bands to-9
Cellulose Crystallinity and Crystal Lattice Type Part I, Spectra of Lattice Types I,
II, III and Amorphous Cellulose Part II, A New Infrared Ratio for Estimation of
Crystallinity in Cellulose I and II Journal of Applied Polymer and Science.
Persson, P., 2004. Strategis for Celluloce Fiber Modification. Stockholm: Royal Institute
of Technology School of Biotechnology.
Qianxiang, Y. Y. Lee, Par O. Petterson and Robbert W., 2003. Heterogeneous Aspect of
Acid Hydrolysis of α-Cellulose. Auburn: University Auburn.
Sarah M. Andrew. 2000. Dialysis and Concentration of Protein Solution. New york: John
Willey and Sons, Inc.
Saxena, I. M. and Brown, R. M .Jr., 1995. Identification of a Second Cellulose Synthase
Gene (acsAll) in Acetobacter xylinum. Journal of Bacteorology.
Segal, L., Creewy, I .J., Martin, A. E. and Conrad, C. M., 1959. An Empirical Method Of
Estimating Degree of Crystallinity of Native Cellulose Using the X-Ray
Diffractometer Textile Research Journal.
Seminar, S., 1990. Kimia Kayu, Dir jen Pendidikan Tinggi Pusat Antar Universitas Ilmu
Hayat. Bogor: IPB.
Solomons, S., 1987 . Introduction to General, Organic, and Biologycal Chemistry. New
York: McGraw Hill.
Steven, M., 2000. Kimia Polimer . Cetakan Pertama. Jakarta: Pradya Paramitha.
Stokes, D. J., 2008. Principles and Practice of Variable Pressure/Envir onmental. New
York: John Willey and Sons, Inc.
Sugiyama, J. Vuong R and Ghanzy, H., 1991. Electron Diffraction Study on the two
Crysttalinne Phases Occuring in Celluloce from Cell Wall Macromolekul.
Thygesen, A., Oddershede, J. and Liholt, H., 1969. On the Determination of Crystallinity
and Cellulose in Plant Fibers Cellulose.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
li
Vander Hart, D. C., 1984. Study of Macromolecules in Native Cellulose Using Solid-State
NMR. Macromolecules.
Vignon, M. R, Heux L, Malainine ME, Mahrouz M., 2004.Arabian – Cellulose Composite
in Opuntia Ficus - Indica Pr ickly Pear Spines Ca rbohyd Res.
Widom, J. M., 1981. Chemistry.San Fransisco: W. H. Freeman and Company.
William, A. R., 1983. Ultrasound: Biological Effects and Potential Hazards. Academic
Press.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Atalla, R. H., 1989. In: C. Schuerch (Eds). Cellulose and Wood,Chemistry and
Technology, Proceedings of the Cellulose Conferences Wiley Interscience. New
York: John Willey and Sons, Inc.
Banerjee, R., H. Chen and J. Wu., 1996. Milk Protein-based Edible Film Mechanical
Strength Changes Due to Ultrasound Process .J. Food Sci.61(4)
Benziman, M., Haigler, C. H., Brown, R. M. J., White, A. R., and Cooper, K. M., 1980.
USA: National of Science.
Bilmeyer, F. W., 1984. Textbook of Polymer Science . Third Edition. New York: John
Willey & Sons, Inc.
Bledzki, A-K, Gassan J., 1990. Composites Reinforced with Cellulose Based Fibres . Prog
Polym Sci.
Casey, P., 1960. Pulp and Paper Chemistry and Chemical Technology. Volume I. Second
Edition. New York: Intercsience Publisher.
Cowd, M. A., 1991. Kimia Polimer. Bandung: ITB.
Darnoko.1995. Pembuatan Pulp dari Tandan Kosong Sawit dengan Penambahan
Surfaktan, Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit. Volume 3. Medan.
Dodd, J. W., 1987. Thermal Methods. New York: John Willey and Sons, Inc.
Ewing, G. W., 1960. Instrumental Method Of Chemical Analysis. Second Edition. New
York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.
Fauzi, I. Y., 2003. Kelapa Sawit. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya.
Favier, V. H., Chanzy and J. Y., Cavaille. Polymer Nanocomposite Reinforced by
Cellulose Whisker. Macromolecules.
Fengel, D., 1995. Kimia Ultra Struktur Reaksi – Reaksi. Cetakan Pertama. Yogyakarta:
UGM Press.
Goodger, E. M., 1976. Hydrocarbon Fuels, Production, Properties, and Performance of
Liquid and Gases. London: MacMillan.
Habibi, Y., L. A., Lucia and O.J. Rojas. 2010. Cellulose Nanocrystal: Chemistry.SelfAssembly and Application . Chemistry Revisi.
Herawan. 1999. Proses Pengomposan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Skala Semi
Produksi. Volume 7. Medan: PPKS.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
l
Horri, F., Yakamoto, H., Kitamaru, R., Tanahashi, M and Higushi, T., 1987.
Transformation of Native Cellulose Crystal Induced by Saturated Stemat Higt
Temperature. Macromolecules.
Keil, F. J., 2007. Modeling of Process Esterification.Ultrasonic Vs. Microwave Extraction
Intensification of Active Principles from Medicinal Plants.
Machessault, R. H. Sundararajan, P. R., 1983. In The Polysaccharides.New York:
Academic Press.
Miller, A. F. and A .M. Donald.Imaging of Anisotropic Cellulose Suspension Using
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy. Biomacromolecules.
Nelson, M. L. and O’Connor, R. T., 1964. Relation of Certain Infrar ed Bands to-9
Cellulose Crystallinity and Crystal Lattice Type Part I, Spectra of Lattice Types I,
II, III and Amorphous Cellulose Part II, A New Infrared Ratio for Estimation of
Crystallinity in Cellulose I and II Journal of Applied Polymer and Science.
Persson, P., 2004. Strategis for Celluloce Fiber Modification. Stockholm: Royal Institute
of Technology School of Biotechnology.
Qianxiang, Y. Y. Lee, Par O. Petterson and Robbert W., 2003. Heterogeneous Aspect of
Acid Hydrolysis of α-Cellulose. Auburn: University Auburn.
Sarah M. Andrew. 2000. Dialysis and Concentration of Protein Solution. New york: John
Willey and Sons, Inc.
Saxena, I. M. and Brown, R. M .Jr., 1995. Identification of a Second Cellulose Synthase
Gene (acsAll) in Acetobacter xylinum. Journal of Bacteorology.
Segal, L., Creewy, I .J., Martin, A. E. and Conrad, C. M., 1959. An Empirical Method Of
Estimating Degree of Crystallinity of Native Cellulose Using the X-Ray
Diffractometer Textile Research Journal.
Seminar, S., 1990. Kimia Kayu, Dir jen Pendidikan Tinggi Pusat Antar Universitas Ilmu
Hayat. Bogor: IPB.
Solomons, S., 1987 . Introduction to General, Organic, and Biologycal Chemistry. New
York: McGraw Hill.
Steven, M., 2000. Kimia Polimer . Cetakan Pertama. Jakarta: Pradya Paramitha.
Stokes, D. J., 2008. Principles and Practice of Variable Pressure/Envir onmental. New
York: John Willey and Sons, Inc.
Sugiyama, J. Vuong R and Ghanzy, H., 1991. Electron Diffraction Study on the two
Crysttalinne Phases Occuring in Celluloce from Cell Wall Macromolekul.
Thygesen, A., Oddershede, J. and Liholt, H., 1969. On the Determination of Crystallinity
and Cellulose in Plant Fibers Cellulose.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
li
Vander Hart, D. C., 1984. Study of Macromolecules in Native Cellulose Using Solid-State
NMR. Macromolecules.
Vignon, M. R, Heux L, Malainine ME, Mahrouz M., 2004.Arabian – Cellulose Composite
in Opuntia Ficus - Indica Pr ickly Pear Spines Ca rbohyd Res.
Widom, J. M., 1981. Chemistry.San Fransisco: W. H. Freeman and Company.
William, A. R., 1983. Ultrasound: Biological Effects and Potential Hazards. Academic
Press.
Universitas Sumatera Utara