MICROBIOLOGY PPT LECTURE NOTES | Karya Tulis Ilmiah
Rabies
virus
Shape: bullet
Genome: -ssRNA
enveloped virus
CPE: Negri body
Structure of Rabies Virus
抵抗力不强， 60C 30min 或 100C
2min 可灭活。可被强酸、强碱、乙醇、
乙醚、肥皂水、去垢剂等灭活。
在脑组织中室温或 4C 可持续 1 － 2 周。
甘油中可保存数月。
Reservoir
Urban forms: Dogs and
cats
Sylvatic forms: Bats,
foxes, raccoons 莞熊 ,
wolves, skunks 臭鼬 ,
coyotes 丛林狼 , mongooses
猫鼬 , and biting animals
Transmission
By bite or scratch
Via saliva
Airborne ( bats)
BAT
armadillo
Cat
raccoon
fox
dog
Rabies or hydrophobia
Fever
Dysphagia 咽下困难
Altered mental
status
Excitement,
agitation
Paralysis 麻痹
Hydrophobia 恐水
Hypersalivation 多
涎
Nausea, vomiting
恶心 ; 作呕
Headache
malaise 不适
Laboratory diagnosis
Diseased dog: viral antigen and Negri body
in brain tissue.
Patient: IF assay, PCR.
Prevention and
treatment
Prevention and
treatment
Bite Geographical area, type of animal,
severity and site of bite.
Animal
Live - observe in cage:
If survives > 8 days, then NOT rabies.
Dead - brain
- Negri bodies
- IFA
- virus isolation
Prevention and
treatment
Man
Live - difficult diagnosis
- clinical picture, skin biopsy, corneal
impression (antibodies only appear
very late)
Dead - brain sent to Onderstepoort
"Negri bodies" in cytoplasm of brain
cells; immunofluorescence virus
isolation .
Human
papillomavirus (HPV)
Biological properties
naked dsDNA
virus with 9 ORF
belongs to
Papovaviridae
more than 60
types
artificial
cultivation unsuccessful.
Transmission
contact infection
sexual infection
congenital infection.
Pathogenesis
Host-specific
Tissue-specific.
Disease
Cutaneous warts
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis
Mucosal HPV infections
Cervical cancer and other cancers:
A significant proportion of cancers is
associated with HPV infection: 11% of all
cancers in women and 2% of all cancers in
men.
LIFE CYCLE OF HUMAN
PAPILLOMAVIRUS
Laboratory diagnosis
- Cytology
- Histology
- Colposcopy in the case of genital
HPV infections.
- Electron microscopy.
- Immunocytochemistry can detect
major capsid protein but are
generally group specific not type
specific
- DNA detection techniques. This is
the only way to type HPVs.PCR
PARVOVIRUSES
Human parvovirus B19
DISTINCTIVE PROPERTIES
Are small, naked viruses with
icosahedral nucleocapsids.
Contain single-stranded DNA
and replicate in the nucleus.
Include human parvovirus
(B19) and adenoassociated
virus, a defective virus of the
dependovirus genus that
requires adenovirus to replicate.
Human pathogen, B19, has
tropism for red blood cell
progenitors
Human diseases associated with B19
parvovirus
Syndrome
Fifth diseases
Host or condition
Children
Adilts
Clinical features
Cutaneous rash
Arthralgiaarthrtis
Transient
aplastic crisis
Pure red cell
aplasia
Hydrops
fetails
Underlying
hemolysis
Immunodeficienci
es
Fetus
Severe acute
anemia
Chronic anemia
Fatal anemia
EPIDEMIOLOGY
These
organisms
are
widely
distributed in nature.
Enters the body through:
The respiratory tract
Blood transfusions
Vertically from mother.
DIAGNOSIS
PARVOVIRUS B-19 SEROLOGY
Serology
Direct detection of the viral DNA may be
achieved by PCR
Interpretation
IgGIgM-
No past infection
Patients susceptible to
infection
IgG+
IgM-
There has been a past
infection
Patient probably immune
IgG + or –
IgM
equivocal
Current or recent infection
Patient should be retested
in a few weeks
IgG+
IgM+
Ongoing or recent infection
Fetus may be at risk if
patient pregnant
IgG- (or
equivocal)
IgM+
Current infection
Patient should be retested
in a few weeks
Prevention and Treatment
Immunological: no vaccines are
available
Treatment: Commercial
immunoglobulin preparations
contain parvo B19 antibodies can
successfully eliminate the
infection in immunocompromised
patients
virus
Shape: bullet
Genome: -ssRNA
enveloped virus
CPE: Negri body
Structure of Rabies Virus
抵抗力不强， 60C 30min 或 100C
2min 可灭活。可被强酸、强碱、乙醇、
乙醚、肥皂水、去垢剂等灭活。
在脑组织中室温或 4C 可持续 1 － 2 周。
甘油中可保存数月。
Reservoir
Urban forms: Dogs and
cats
Sylvatic forms: Bats,
foxes, raccoons 莞熊 ,
wolves, skunks 臭鼬 ,
coyotes 丛林狼 , mongooses
猫鼬 , and biting animals
Transmission
By bite or scratch
Via saliva
Airborne ( bats)
BAT
armadillo
Cat
raccoon
fox
dog
Rabies or hydrophobia
Fever
Dysphagia 咽下困难
Altered mental
status
Excitement,
agitation
Paralysis 麻痹
Hydrophobia 恐水
Hypersalivation 多
涎
Nausea, vomiting
恶心 ; 作呕
Headache
malaise 不适
Laboratory diagnosis
Diseased dog: viral antigen and Negri body
in brain tissue.
Patient: IF assay, PCR.
Prevention and
treatment
Prevention and
treatment
Bite Geographical area, type of animal,
severity and site of bite.
Animal
Live - observe in cage:
If survives > 8 days, then NOT rabies.
Dead - brain
- Negri bodies
- IFA
- virus isolation
Prevention and
treatment
Man
Live - difficult diagnosis
- clinical picture, skin biopsy, corneal
impression (antibodies only appear
very late)
Dead - brain sent to Onderstepoort
"Negri bodies" in cytoplasm of brain
cells; immunofluorescence virus
isolation .
Human
papillomavirus (HPV)
Biological properties
naked dsDNA
virus with 9 ORF
belongs to
Papovaviridae
more than 60
types
artificial
cultivation unsuccessful.
Transmission
contact infection
sexual infection
congenital infection.
Pathogenesis
Host-specific
Tissue-specific.
Disease
Cutaneous warts
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis
Mucosal HPV infections
Cervical cancer and other cancers:
A significant proportion of cancers is
associated with HPV infection: 11% of all
cancers in women and 2% of all cancers in
men.
LIFE CYCLE OF HUMAN
PAPILLOMAVIRUS
Laboratory diagnosis
- Cytology
- Histology
- Colposcopy in the case of genital
HPV infections.
- Electron microscopy.
- Immunocytochemistry can detect
major capsid protein but are
generally group specific not type
specific
- DNA detection techniques. This is
the only way to type HPVs.PCR
PARVOVIRUSES
Human parvovirus B19
DISTINCTIVE PROPERTIES
Are small, naked viruses with
icosahedral nucleocapsids.
Contain single-stranded DNA
and replicate in the nucleus.
Include human parvovirus
(B19) and adenoassociated
virus, a defective virus of the
dependovirus genus that
requires adenovirus to replicate.
Human pathogen, B19, has
tropism for red blood cell
progenitors
Human diseases associated with B19
parvovirus
Syndrome
Fifth diseases
Host or condition
Children
Adilts
Clinical features
Cutaneous rash
Arthralgiaarthrtis
Transient
aplastic crisis
Pure red cell
aplasia
Hydrops
fetails
Underlying
hemolysis
Immunodeficienci
es
Fetus
Severe acute
anemia
Chronic anemia
Fatal anemia
EPIDEMIOLOGY
These
organisms
are
widely
distributed in nature.
Enters the body through:
The respiratory tract
Blood transfusions
Vertically from mother.
DIAGNOSIS
PARVOVIRUS B-19 SEROLOGY
Serology
Direct detection of the viral DNA may be
achieved by PCR
Interpretation
IgGIgM-
No past infection
Patients susceptible to
infection
IgG+
IgM-
There has been a past
infection
Patient probably immune
IgG + or –
IgM
equivocal
Current or recent infection
Patient should be retested
in a few weeks
IgG+
IgM+
Ongoing or recent infection
Fetus may be at risk if
patient pregnant
IgG- (or
equivocal)
IgM+
Current infection
Patient should be retested
in a few weeks
Prevention and Treatment
Immunological: no vaccines are
available
Treatment: Commercial
immunoglobulin preparations
contain parvo B19 antibodies can
successfully eliminate the
infection in immunocompromised
patients