SELF DEFENSE MECHANISM OF CHRIS McCANDLESS IN INTO THE WILD BY JON KRAKAUER.
SELF DEFENSE MECHAI\TSM OF CHRTS MGCANDLESS IN
Uq2@IIED
BY JON KRAI(AUER
A Thaiis
s'b"$.4 h Pdrial b r'r$ ne,t
F0
th2
Da,@
oflhe Reqrn.n
,'t
ofsejN Sa!a
By:
IDA MARTOGIANA LIJMBANTORTI^N
116t&5115
ENGLI$E DEPIRTMENT - FACULTY Of LETTERS
ANDAI,AS I'NIVERSITY
PADANC
ABSTRAK
Stripsi ini nenbrnas tcdmg rckarknc pcnahdb din vang diambil
utuk .rcnsatasi konUik dd kondisi ikoloai Chns Mccandless seloku tokoh
uhn! ddm nolel yans berjudul Into lhe wild karya Jon KE(auer. Konnik
tersebur ditenedulri olch p.mbcnlxkan elenen-clcncn dkne yailx id. ceo. dtur
supereao. Analisa )ang dihadikan p3da skipsi ini din.I$dkan untL& nclihat
clenen-elenen pikirdn kririld ye8 ncnimbulk konflik d ncnbcii dmpa!
&lm lehidupan kaaliler tang menycbabkd kdatrer nElakukM mckdismc
perbnahm dni. Mekanisne perhhoan din ini diambil untuk ne.Ahindan
abnoD,alibs dalm diri kan*ter.
Ddlm ncnsedGa novel ini, penulh menssunekan pendekah objekril
oleh MH Abrms dd teori psikologi s6tF ya'rg d(enrukkan oleh Sig'rund
FEud Terkait nekeismc pcnahanan diri. penulG nensaplikasikan teori lieud
rentans bentuk bstu! mckanisme penalM diri. Unluk pcngmputm data.
Fenulis melakuk melod. kaji pusblo dc.gM cda hcncdi dd
nenempulkd buku-buku serli dikel dtikel ldg berkanan dengan to k
lnalis. Sedanghan mluk nen8smlis data !e6ebu1, penulis mensgunakan
netode kulnadl ymg kcnudian dijabarkan den8an nensaunaka metode
frcngealha nolel ini, penulis nenynqu&m bahw uluk
nenyelesika. kontir psikoloei yd8 dialmi olch Chris Mccddlcss. dia hms
meneguratd mekanhne pen nean di.i daln menBhrdei tonnik Dan hdil
malhn ymg Ielal penulh lakukan, dal'at dGimpulkan bah*a mekanisme
Fnanbe did yd8 disunako oleh klakter !t!medalam novel iniadalah dcr,a
Serelah
I
CIIAPTER
INTRODI]CTION
Tn. Aackground of Th€ Resetrcb
1.t_
Lireann is
Abms
wo
rhat is plwnled in words Elecring in daily life.
lis b@k $e Mimr
in
an (Il)) lr rsods hmdn
atrd the
Lmo srared l,\at lircFtue
is ore of
hmb
dltms ad lbousnb of hMd bci.e ll
experjcnces.
al$ shoes de Dsycholosical dpecl ofde
hme
all hul1m beinss on dis carrb have fien o$n
beine in the slorv. As we knos.
sleilic Pcso.alily.
Each peMn
las lhei. osn p€Mn.lity thal depcnds on then own habils Moreover, in tnn Ufe
hmm being.dnol
$e
needs
life by his oM wals.
of his l;le. RelatioNhip with e&h olner
this lilc, ay dre
oM
face his
habits
The bad
tatc
d ntport!
being
cd
lulttl
par. in
shos then
connuicalion frcm this p€ople a nate a
humd relatioffhip.
The psycholosical connict in dE
other
sill
need the olher ro
comuni€tio. wilb t[€ othe6, a hman
od p€nonaliq.
bad inpaci lo dE
'licy
€rliE hurm b€ins oflen tnecl.d h $c
fom of hdm cEativities. Sone of Fycnological 5sp€.t e Efl*led into
liE€ry *orks. Throuei Miting
olscial liie.
or people life
a
ed
life. lurthemo€, lileEry work
hetut \oik,
sbows the L'xperience or
ptenll
lhe
dally lilc. Sonre of psychological $pecl
Sometines, thc psycholosicsl
an aulhoi
conlid
tn{t
ce
indicates all evenls
iMginatio. ofburfu
eflelion of hmm b.ing in then
h
renec&d
in rhe lilerary work-
in lhc fom of novels,
plays,
d
d
Novel
popular liteEry *ork also Ccls dE
Ddelfud
rhe guide ro
Eadc6 about the
6d
rhe history
hisry or m
cvcn
the
lhlt
inp
olnor's commuily. Novel lells $e
h,ppcncd in lh€
hisr.dcal evcnt or refletion from de audor life or his
dd
expe.i€nes
all
1bc
psycholosicd
l. I oday. .ovel be.oies
onflids
have
c
be thc
Even.
au6or's
pst. It
mnneity.
ben sto*ing in his novcl.
Thc audrols onnict lhaL ieiects in novel b€cones the main thene lnd the nain
dara
ol lnc psychologicdl dev€lopnetu Lom lhe chddclcc. Mosdy llc chmclfi
in a novel is a
rtplMlalion fion
the author's life, expelience o. his
Nevedheless, sonerin€s lhe author tates the
As a
ftirr, lor KFkauer hd
bsed on sonebody
b€comes thc
6
s
mnnuiry
scial life in his comdily d
the
don€ the sme thing. Hc cxplain 1be novel
life experience in his ommunity. The enti€ evenr in his lile
bsic data for his novel. Jon kaleue. pnls thc psychological
(1e46) Inr"
rhc md,n rheme lor hjs novelespecially
fi.
iss
Wird i5a
nolcl abour tbe psycbological mntici thar happ€n in its main ch8mter, CMs
McC
akss. This novel is l€llins sboui nysterioN lile ot Cn;noPher John$.
M.a.ndiess I. this nolel.
and cones
lion
nch
Jon Kmlauer d€scribes Chns
fmily. His larhd. wall Mccddless hs dcrJlhins. Hc sel
up a sood lutue for his
Mcc
dless
Mccandlesssa bnlliant
en
by 6kins him lo tollo{ aU his ru16. walr
is also dling hin lo role o law $h@1. Unforimt€lr. cMs
Mccmdl$s dm mr wst
onllicr ofhid. Fin lly,
to
follo{
his
penfs
tules It n.les
the psychological
hc decid€d to l€ave his family. H€ wenl lo lhe
ehJnJ4h'ne hc has. He bumed h
s
.rdn.rr.s
well
^c
hi<
n6n.v
wildmess,
CHAPTER IV
coNct,IisIoN
hy Jnn Krdla@, I cnnclu'le &ot
drh nolcl descibed aboul the pslch.logical conllic! ol tbe nuin rhracler. Chris
elf
dclensc
nechdisd ol Chris Mccddless. I eel r tull de$npion of kinds of sclf
defense
Mccodlcss
msh
lhc
imporimr issue
isms thar G pFsen'ed by
in rhis novcl is
about thc
Jln KEIauer in hi\ novel Inh ihe wii.l s.lf
delense necb&ism becontes patholqical only wbcn ils pcsislcnt use le.ds to
naladaplive behlvior such thd rhe phtrsical or nenlal hslth ollhe individual is
,dve ely af@tcd. The
purpose of rhe self defensc nochmisns is to protecl lhe
mind Gon
uiery, sial
Rhich one
cmor cuftntly
cao to
evc his nind fron
seclions or lo prcvidc a reluge aon a situti(,n riLh
cope. Sell delense
c lhu be calesoriud a e.rinC
{hen
e
be tatcn by
uiely
Tncy de more accuralely EferEd to
each other,
hechdisn itself cd
6
self defcnsc mcchdisms- lDd
when 1he id impul*s ae in conflict wirb
*hen lhe id inpulses conuict with sup€Feso values and belicfs,
extemal threat is posed lo the eso. 'fhc lsy.he
ol the nain chr&ler, Chis Mccedless
*s
a.e,
id @d the sup€.ego
fishting each other. Then, to
thcn. his eso nak€s rclins oul and idetlification
dd
as his selfdefense
balaa
fl{heisfr
Ttese ndy oc.ur in tcspons to ccrtain elcnts or siturions in socieiy or in oners
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Abrans,
M
H. The Miror
dd
lhc
L4p.
London: Oxford Univcisiry
?Es.
1953.
Rressl€r,
cndbs E. Lilcrd Cridcnn: An Inaodpclion to TheoB lnd Practie.
2'r!d. N'e{ Jesey: lrenti.e Hall, I994
Dalidon
L
Linda. lnfioduction
lo
Psvchololv. 2!d Ed. JrpM, Mcc.anjll
Inlemalional Book Comp t.1980
Diymi.
Roben. LiteEtu€: Readine Fiction.
Emoorc. Reo(tions on now
Poerv. d Dlma
Conpacl Ed
j8nud ft.udk fieones stdd up in nodem
sociery Onljne.lnrmet 7Ja.2010. Avtllble URI
hnD. .ss,.'hdre,ortdli.n"r'ur 55
Uq2@IIED
BY JON KRAI(AUER
A Thaiis
s'b"$.4 h Pdrial b r'r$ ne,t
F0
th2
Da,@
oflhe Reqrn.n
,'t
ofsejN Sa!a
By:
IDA MARTOGIANA LIJMBANTORTI^N
116t&5115
ENGLI$E DEPIRTMENT - FACULTY Of LETTERS
ANDAI,AS I'NIVERSITY
PADANC
ABSTRAK
Stripsi ini nenbrnas tcdmg rckarknc pcnahdb din vang diambil
utuk .rcnsatasi konUik dd kondisi ikoloai Chns Mccandless seloku tokoh
uhn! ddm nolel yans berjudul Into lhe wild karya Jon KE(auer. Konnik
tersebur ditenedulri olch p.mbcnlxkan elenen-clcncn dkne yailx id. ceo. dtur
supereao. Analisa )ang dihadikan p3da skipsi ini din.I$dkan untL& nclihat
clenen-elenen pikirdn kririld ye8 ncnimbulk konflik d ncnbcii dmpa!
&lm lehidupan kaaliler tang menycbabkd kdatrer nElakukM mckdismc
perbnahm dni. Mekanisne perhhoan din ini diambil untuk ne.Ahindan
abnoD,alibs dalm diri kan*ter.
Ddlm ncnsedGa novel ini, penulh menssunekan pendekah objekril
oleh MH Abrms dd teori psikologi s6tF ya'rg d(enrukkan oleh Sig'rund
FEud Terkait nekeismc pcnahanan diri. penulG nensaplikasikan teori lieud
rentans bentuk bstu! mckanisme penalM diri. Unluk pcngmputm data.
Fenulis melakuk melod. kaji pusblo dc.gM cda hcncdi dd
nenempulkd buku-buku serli dikel dtikel ldg berkanan dengan to k
lnalis. Sedanghan mluk nen8smlis data !e6ebu1, penulis mensgunakan
netode kulnadl ymg kcnudian dijabarkan den8an nensaunaka metode
frcngealha nolel ini, penulis nenynqu&m bahw uluk
nenyelesika. kontir psikoloei yd8 dialmi olch Chris Mccddlcss. dia hms
meneguratd mekanhne pen nean di.i daln menBhrdei tonnik Dan hdil
malhn ymg Ielal penulh lakukan, dal'at dGimpulkan bah*a mekanisme
Fnanbe did yd8 disunako oleh klakter !t!medalam novel iniadalah dcr,a
Serelah
I
CIIAPTER
INTRODI]CTION
Tn. Aackground of Th€ Resetrcb
1.t_
Lireann is
Abms
wo
rhat is plwnled in words Elecring in daily life.
lis b@k $e Mimr
in
an (Il)) lr rsods hmdn
atrd the
Lmo srared l,\at lircFtue
is ore of
hmb
dltms ad lbousnb of hMd bci.e ll
experjcnces.
al$ shoes de Dsycholosical dpecl ofde
hme
all hul1m beinss on dis carrb have fien o$n
beine in the slorv. As we knos.
sleilic Pcso.alily.
Each peMn
las lhei. osn p€Mn.lity thal depcnds on then own habils Moreover, in tnn Ufe
hmm being.dnol
$e
needs
life by his oM wals.
of his l;le. RelatioNhip with e&h olner
this lilc, ay dre
oM
face his
habits
The bad
tatc
d ntport!
being
cd
lulttl
par. in
shos then
connuicalion frcm this p€ople a nate a
humd relatioffhip.
The psycholosical connict in dE
other
sill
need the olher ro
comuni€tio. wilb t[€ othe6, a hman
od p€nonaliq.
bad inpaci lo dE
'licy
€rliE hurm b€ins oflen tnecl.d h $c
fom of hdm cEativities. Sone of Fycnological 5sp€.t e Efl*led into
liE€ry *orks. Throuei Miting
olscial liie.
or people life
a
ed
life. lurthemo€, lileEry work
hetut \oik,
sbows the L'xperience or
ptenll
lhe
dally lilc. Sonre of psychological $pecl
Sometines, thc psycholosicsl
an aulhoi
conlid
tn{t
ce
indicates all evenls
iMginatio. ofburfu
eflelion of hmm b.ing in then
h
renec&d
in rhe lilerary work-
in lhc fom of novels,
plays,
d
d
Novel
popular liteEry *ork also Ccls dE
Ddelfud
rhe guide ro
Eadc6 about the
6d
rhe history
hisry or m
cvcn
the
lhlt
inp
olnor's commuily. Novel lells $e
h,ppcncd in lh€
hisr.dcal evcnt or refletion from de audor life or his
dd
expe.i€nes
all
1bc
psycholosicd
l. I oday. .ovel be.oies
onflids
have
c
be thc
Even.
au6or's
pst. It
mnneity.
ben sto*ing in his novcl.
Thc audrols onnict lhaL ieiects in novel b€cones the main thene lnd the nain
dara
ol lnc psychologicdl dev€lopnetu Lom lhe chddclcc. Mosdy llc chmclfi
in a novel is a
rtplMlalion fion
the author's life, expelience o. his
Nevedheless, sonerin€s lhe author tates the
As a
ftirr, lor KFkauer hd
bsed on sonebody
b€comes thc
6
s
mnnuiry
scial life in his comdily d
the
don€ the sme thing. Hc cxplain 1be novel
life experience in his ommunity. The enti€ evenr in his lile
bsic data for his novel. Jon kaleue. pnls thc psychological
(1e46) Inr"
rhc md,n rheme lor hjs novelespecially
fi.
iss
Wird i5a
nolcl abour tbe psycbological mntici thar happ€n in its main ch8mter, CMs
McC
akss. This novel is l€llins sboui nysterioN lile ot Cn;noPher John$.
M.a.ndiess I. this nolel.
and cones
lion
nch
Jon Kmlauer d€scribes Chns
fmily. His larhd. wall Mccddless hs dcrJlhins. Hc sel
up a sood lutue for his
Mcc
dless
Mccandlesssa bnlliant
en
by 6kins him lo tollo{ aU his ru16. walr
is also dling hin lo role o law $h@1. Unforimt€lr. cMs
Mccmdl$s dm mr wst
onllicr ofhid. Fin lly,
to
follo{
his
penfs
tules It n.les
the psychological
hc decid€d to l€ave his family. H€ wenl lo lhe
ehJnJ4h'ne hc has. He bumed h
s
.rdn.rr.s
well
^c
hi<
n6n.v
wildmess,
CHAPTER IV
coNct,IisIoN
hy Jnn Krdla@, I cnnclu'le &ot
drh nolcl descibed aboul the pslch.logical conllic! ol tbe nuin rhracler. Chris
elf
dclensc
nechdisd ol Chris Mccddless. I eel r tull de$npion of kinds of sclf
defense
Mccodlcss
msh
lhc
imporimr issue
isms thar G pFsen'ed by
in rhis novcl is
about thc
Jln KEIauer in hi\ novel Inh ihe wii.l s.lf
delense necb&ism becontes patholqical only wbcn ils pcsislcnt use le.ds to
naladaplive behlvior such thd rhe phtrsical or nenlal hslth ollhe individual is
,dve ely af@tcd. The
purpose of rhe self defensc nochmisns is to protecl lhe
mind Gon
uiery, sial
Rhich one
cmor cuftntly
cao to
evc his nind fron
seclions or lo prcvidc a reluge aon a situti(,n riLh
cope. Sell delense
c lhu be calesoriud a e.rinC
{hen
e
be tatcn by
uiely
Tncy de more accuralely EferEd to
each other,
hechdisn itself cd
6
self defcnsc mcchdisms- lDd
when 1he id impul*s ae in conflict wirb
*hen lhe id inpulses conuict with sup€Feso values and belicfs,
extemal threat is posed lo the eso. 'fhc lsy.he
ol the nain chr&ler, Chis Mccedless
*s
a.e,
id @d the sup€.ego
fishting each other. Then, to
thcn. his eso nak€s rclins oul and idetlification
dd
as his selfdefense
balaa
fl{heisfr
Ttese ndy oc.ur in tcspons to ccrtain elcnts or siturions in socieiy or in oners
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Abrans,
M
H. The Miror
dd
lhc
L4p.
London: Oxford Univcisiry
?Es.
1953.
Rressl€r,
cndbs E. Lilcrd Cridcnn: An Inaodpclion to TheoB lnd Practie.
2'r!d. N'e{ Jesey: lrenti.e Hall, I994
Dalidon
L
Linda. lnfioduction
lo
Psvchololv. 2!d Ed. JrpM, Mcc.anjll
Inlemalional Book Comp t.1980
Diymi.
Roben. LiteEtu€: Readine Fiction.
Emoorc. Reo(tions on now
Poerv. d Dlma
Conpacl Ed
j8nud ft.udk fieones stdd up in nodem
sociery Onljne.lnrmet 7Ja.2010. Avtllble URI
hnD. .ss,.'hdre,ortdli.n"r'ur 55