AN ANALYSIS OF REQUEST EXPRESSIONS EMPLOYED BY THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN “THE AVENGERS” MOVIE.

AN ANALYSIS OF REQUEST EXPRESSIONS EMPLOYED BY THE
MAIN CHARACTERS IN “THE AVENGERS” MOVIE
(Pragmatics Approach)

THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfilment for Requirements
For The Sarjana Sastra Degree in English Department
Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University

By:
Hernanda Rustanto
C0310030

FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2016

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THESIS APPROVAL

AN ANALYSIS OF REQUEST EXPRESSIONS EMPLOYED BY THE
MAIN CHARACTERS IN “THE AVENGERS” MOVIE
(Pragmatics Approach)

By:
Hernanda Rustanto
C0310030

Thesis Supervisor

Dra. Diah Kristina, M.A., Ph.D.
NIP. 19590505 198601 2 001

Head of English Department
Faculty of Cultural Sciences Sebelas Maret University

Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D.
NIP. 19670830 199302 1 001

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AN ANALYSIS OF REQUEST EXPRESSIONS EMPLOYED BY THE
MAIN CHARACTERS IN “THE AVENGERS” MOVIE
(Pragmatics Approach)

By:
Hernanda Rustanto
C0310030

Accepted and Approved by The Board of Examiners
Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University
On 29 June, 2016
Positions

Name

Chairman

Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D.
NIP. 196708301993021001

Secretary

(………………………)

Bayu Budiharjo SS. M.Hum
NIK. 1985010120130201

First

Signature

(………………………)

Dra. Diah Kristina, M.A., Ph.D.

Examiner

NIP. 195905051986012001

Second

Dr. Sri Marmanto, M.Hum

Examiner

NIP. 195009011986011001

(………………………)
(………………………)

Dean of Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University

Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D.
NIP. 196003281986011001

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PRONOUNCEMENT

Name : Hernanda Rustanto
NIM

: C0310030
I stated that this thesis entitled “An Analysis of Request Expressions

Employed by The Main Characters in The Avengers Movie“ is originally written
by the researcher and it is not a plagiarism. The previous works related to this
thesis are all written in the form of quotations and included in the bibliography.
If the pronouncement is proven to be incorrect, I am ready to accept the
consequence.
Surakarta, June 2016

Hernanda Rustanto

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MOTTOS

"If you want something you have never had, you must be willing to do something
you have never done."
Thomas Jefferson

For with God nothing shall be impossible.
"Sebab bagi Tuhan tidak ada yang mustahil."
Luke 1:37

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DEDICATION

This Thesis is dedicated to:
My Parent Drs Heri Rustanto and Sri Mukti Wahyuningsih,
My Older Sister Hena Pratica Ayu Rustanto
&
My honey Cyrilla Kinanti Werdiningtyas

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, I would like to give my best praise as the biggest gratitude and
blessing by saying Puji Tuhan to my Jesus Christ giving me the guidance for
every aspect in my life. I would like to thank to Him especially for this precious
opportunity to do my best in my thesis entitled “An Analysis of Request
Expressions Employed by The Main Characters in The Avengers Movie“. Without
Him, I have no any power and ability to finish my thesis. I would also like to give
my deepest thanks to the people who had helped me in finishing this thesis.
1. Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D, the Dean of Faculty of Cultural
Sciences, Sebelas Maret University. Thank you for approving my thesis.
2. Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A, PhD, the Head of English Department, who
has approved my thesis.
3. My thesis supervisor, Dra. Diah Kristina M.A., P.hd. I am so grateful for your
assistance and suggestions during the process finishing my thesis.
4. Prof. Dr Djatmika M.A., my academic supervisor. Thank you for your
assistance in academic.

5. All of the lecturers of English Department Program for the valuable
knowledge, the inspiring story, and the experiences that they have shared.
6. Thank you for my beloved parents, Drs Heri Rustanto and Sri Mukti
Wahyuningsih who always love and support me in all condition. You are
always beside me everytime I need and remind me to finish my thesis. Thank

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you for your patience and I am sorry for making you to wait this moment for a
long time.
7. My older sisters, Hena Pratica Ayu Rustanto for mocking and disturbing me
in the process of finishing my thesis.
8. My beloved would be future wife, Cyrilla Kinanti Werdiningtyas, thank you
for your love and support.
9. The family of English Department 2010 for sharing and giving academic
discussions, especially Marta and Chaca for helping me finish this thesis.
10. All linguistics student of English Department. Thank you for sharing
knowledge.
11. Everyone who is not mentioned above but has a big contribution to my thesis
yet, thank you.

Surakarta, June 2016

Hernanda Rustanto

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE ............................................................................................................... i
THE APPROVAL OF THESIS SUPERVISOR .............................................. ii
THE APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ............................... iii
PRONOUNCEMENT ...................................................................................... iv
MOTTOS ......................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................. ix
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................... xi
ABSTRACTS................................................................................................... xii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
A. Research Background ..................................................................... 1

B. Research Questions ......................................................................... 4
C. Research Objectives ........................................................................ 4
D. Research Limitation ........................................................................ 4
E. Research Benefits ............................................................................ 4
F. Research Methodology .................................................................... 5
G. Thesis Organization......................................................................... 6
CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Pragmatics ....................................................................................... 7
B. Context ............................................................................................ 8
C. Speech Act ....................................................................................... 9
1. Definition of Speech Acts .................................... 9
2. Direct and Indirect Speech Acts .......................... 10
3. The Classification of Speech Acts ....................... 10

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D. Request ............................................................................................ 12
E. Classification of Request ................................................................. 12
1. Category I (Indirect Request) .............................. 12
2. Category II (Hearer-Oriented Condition) ............ 13

3. Category III (Speaker-Based On Condition) ....... 15
4. Category IV (Direct Request) .............................. 15
E. Politeness ........................................................................................ 17
F. Review of Related Study ................................................................. 19
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design .............................................................................. 21
B. Research Location ........................................................................... 22
C. Source of Data and Data .................................................................. 22
D. Sample and Sampling Technique .................................................... 23
E. Technique of Data Collection .......................................................... 24
F. Data Coding ..................................................................................... 25
G. Technique of Analyzing Data ......................................................... 26
CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONS
A. Data Analysis .................................................................................. 27
B. Discussion ....................................................................................... 64
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusion....................................................................................... 68
B. Suggestion ....................................................................................... 70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 .......................................................................................................... 17
Table 4.1 .......................................................................................................... 28
Table 4.2 .......................................................................................................... 28
Table 4.3 .......................................................................................................... 28

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ABSTRACT
Hernanda Rustanto. 2016. An Analysis of Request Expressions
Employed by The Main Characters in “The Avengers” Movie (Pragmatics
Approach). Thesis: English Department of Faculty of Cultural Sciences.
Sebelas Maret University.
This research was conducted to analyse Request Expressions Employed by
The Main Characters in “The Avengers” Movie. The objectives of this research
are to find the types of speech act request and to what extent the main characters
employ speech act request using politeness strategy in “The Avengers” movie.
This research belongs to descriptive qualitative method. It uses purposive
sampling or criterion-based sampling technique. The data of this research were
taken from the conversations of the movie. The data are clauses or sentences
containing speech act request.
Based on the data analysis, the results can be concluded as follows; there
are 3 categories of speech act request, those are Category 4 Directive (75.61%),
Category 3 Speakers-Based Condition category (17.07%) and Category 2 HearerOriented Condition (7.32%). Second, there are 2 kinds of politeness used in
employing speech act request. They are Bald-on record politeness strategy (this
strategy is used because the speaker and the hearer have a close relationship, equal
status or equal power or in urgent situation), and Positive politeness strategy (this
strategy is used by the speaker to get closer to the hearer, to avoid the
disagreement, the social distance between the participants is not close enough.
Besides, it is used to minimize the imposition his/her request)
Keywords: Pragmatics, Speech act request, Politeness Strategy.

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