CRITICISM AGAINST HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN C. HOPE FLINCHBAUGH’S NOVEL Criticism Against Human Rights Violations In C. Hope Flinchbaugh’s Novel Daughter Of China (2002).
CRITICISM AGAINST HUM AN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS
IN C. HOPE FLINCHBAUGH’S NOVEL
DAUGHTER OF CHINA (2002)
A THESIS
Subm it t ed as a Part ial Fulfillm ent of t he Requirem ent s
For t he Com pletion of Get t ing t he Post graduat e Degree in
Language St udy Program
Proposed by:
ALLEN RUFAIDA PURIANINGTYAS
S 200110034
M AGISTER PROGRAM OF LANGUAGE STUDY
SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE
M UHAM M ADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2015
i
NOTE OF ADVISOR I
Dr. M och. Thoyibi, M .S
Lect urer of M agist er of Language St udy Post Graduat e Program M uham m adiyah
Universit y of Surakart a.
Official not e on Allen Rufaida Purianingt yas’ Thesis
Dear,
The Direct or of Graduat e Program of M agist er of Language St udy of Graduat e
Program M uham m adiyah Universit y of Surakart a.
Assalam u’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Having read, exam ined, correct ed, and necessarily revised t ow ards the thesis of
Nam e
: Allen Rufaida Purianingt yas
NIM
: S200110034
Program
: M agist er of Language St udy
Focus on
: Lit erat ure
Tit le
:
Crit icism
Against
Hum an
Right s
Violation
in
C.
Hope
Flinchbaugh’s Novel Daught er of China (2002)
I access t hat t he t hesis is approved t o be examined by the board of exam iners in
t he M agist er of Language Study of M uham amdiyah Universit y of Surakart a.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Surakart a, 22
nd
July 2014
Dr. M och.Thoyibi, M .S
i
NOTE OF ADVISOR II
Dr. Phil. Dew i Candraningrum
Lect urer of M agist er of Language St udy Post Graduat e Program M uham m adiyah
Universit y of Surakart a.
Official not e on Allen Rufaida Purianingt yas’ Thesis
Dear,
The Direct or of Graduat e Program of M agist er of Language St udy of Graduat e
Program M uham m adiyah Universit y of Surakart a.
Assalam u’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Having read, exam ined, correct ed, and necessarily revised t ow ards the thesis of
Nam e
: Allen Rufaida Purianingt yas
NIM
: S200110034
Program
: M agist er of Language St udy
Focus on
: Lit erat ure
Tit le
: Criticism Against Human Right s Violat ion in C. Hope
Flinchbaugh’s Novel Daught er of China (2002)
I access t hat t he t hesis is approved t o be examined by the board of exam iners in
t he M agist er of Language Study of M uham amdiyah Universit y of Surakart a.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Surakart a, 22
nd
July, 2014
Dr. Phil Dew i Candraningrum, M .Ed
ii
iii
PRONOUNCEM ENT
I am the w rit er of this t hesis,
Nam e
: Allen Rufaida Purianingt yas
NIM
: S200110034
Program
: M agist er of Language St udy
Tit le
: CRITICISM AGAINST HUM AN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN C. HOPE
FLINCHBAUGH’S NOVEL DAUGHTER OF CHINA (2002)
Cert ify t hat t his thesis is definit ely m y ow n w ork. I am com plet ely responsible for
it s cont ent s. Otherw ise t here are some ot her w rit er’s opinions for findings
included in this t hesis but they are quot ed or cit ed in accordance w it h et hical
st andard. When t here is an evidence t hat t his t hesis is a kind of plagiarism , I w ill
accept t he cancellat ion of my post graduat e degree given by M uham madiyah
Universit y of Surakart a.
Surakart a,
January 2015
Sincerely
Allen Rufaida Purianingt yas
v
ACKNOW LEDGEM ENT
In t he nam e of Allah, the Alm ight y and M erciful. Praise in only to Allah for all
t his abundant blessing, mercies, and guidance, so t hat researcher is able t o
complet e t his t hesis. She w ould also like t o express her deep grat it ude t o the
following people:
1. Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyat i, SH, M . Hum, The Direct or of M agist er
Porgram of M uham madiyah Universit y of Surakart a,
2. Prof. Dr. M arkham ah, M .Hum, the Head of Language St udy Depart ment,
3. Dr. M och. Thoyibi, M .S and Dr. Phil. Dew i Candraningrum , M .Ed the
advisors of
t his thesis for
t heir
helpful
and
sincere guidance,
underst anding, and patience.
4. Prof. Dr. Hj. Endang Fauziat i for being t he exam iner. Thank you for t he
correct ions and advices.
5. M y beloved parent s Drs. M uh. Purwo Sungkow ast yo and Nunuk Sri
Hart ini, S.Pd t hank you for every big love, support s, and spirit s for m e.
This is t he gift for you all. Thank you very m uch for every beaut iful word
for m e in your praying. I deeply love you both.
6.
M y beloved brother Reza Taufiq Digara, t hank you for every love, help
and jokes.
vi
7. M y beloved grandm a, Sri Soem arsi. Thank you for t he praying, love,
mot ivation, and smile. Thank you so m uch for the sw eet hot milk and
fried banana you oft en m ake for me.
8. M y best friends Norm iningsih Fit riani (Vie) t hank you so m uch for t he
beaut iful friendship, love, support , and motivat ion. How lucky I am to
have a friend like you. Devi Kurniawat i (Devi), thank you for an
unpredict able friendship. Hart at i Rahayu (Tatik), Sit i Kusnul Khotimah
(Ichuz), M ift akhul Huda (Dek Huda), Aprilia Riyana Put ri ( M bak Lia) and
M et t a Khairunnisa (M bak M et t a), t hanks for t he beaut iful friendship,
jokes, laugh, and every amazing mom ent s.
9. M y classm at es in M agist er of Language St udy year 2011.
10. M y friends from t he ot her classes of M agist er Program , Faqih, M uhlas,
Luthfi Ali, M as Agung, M as Herri, M bak Afi Thanks for being my new
friends here.
11. M y husband will be, it w ill be the bridge of our bright future.
Finally, the researcher requires const ruct ive suggest ions for t he progress of
t he next st udy. She hopes t his research w ill be advant ageous for leading t o m ore
inspiring researchers.
Surakart a, January 2015
Allen Rufaida Purianingt yas
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT
Not e of Advisor I ...........................................................................................
i
Not e of Advisor II ..........................................................................................
ii
Pronouncem ent ............................................................................................
v
Acknow ledgem ent ........................................................................................
vi
Table of Cont ent ...........................................................................................
viii
Abst ract ........................................................................................................
x
List of Abbreviat ions .....................................................................................
xi
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................
1
A.
Background of the Research ...................................................
1
B.
Problem St at ement s...............................................................
17
C.
Lim it at ion of t he Research .....................................................
17
D.
Object ive of the Research ......................................................
18
E.
Benefit s of the Research ........................................................
18
F.
Thesis Organizat ion ................................................................
20
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................
22
A.
Previous St udies .....................................................................
22
B.
The Sociology of Lit erat ure .....................................................
24
C.
Human Right s.........................................................................
27
1.
The Not ion of Hum an Right s...........................................
27
2.
Hist orical Development of Hum an Right s .......................
29
3.
Universal Declarat ion of Human Right s...........................
31
4.
Classificat ion of Human Right s .......................................
32
5.
Conceptual Developm ent of Human Right s ...................
33
6.
Hum an Right s Violation .................................................
35
viii
D.
The Author’ Social Background ..............................................
36
E.
Evangelical M ission ...............................................................
41
RESEARCH M ETHODOLOGY....................................................
46
A.
Type of the Research ..............................................................
46
B.
Object of the Research ...........................................................
47
C.
Type of the Dat a and the Dat a Source ....................................
47
D.
Technique of the Dat a Collect ion ...........................................
48
E.
Technique of the Dat a Analysis ..............................................
49
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV SOCIAL CONTEXT OF UNITED STATES OF AM ERICA AND PEOPLE’S
REPUBLIC OF CHINA AT THE END OF THE TW ENTIETH CENTURY...................
A.
50
Unit ed St at es of America ..........................................................
50
1.
Social Aspect ..................................................................
50
2.
Economic Aspect ............................................................
53
3.
Polit ical Aspect ...............................................................
55
4.
Knowledge and Technology Development Aspect ..........
58
5.
Cult ural Aspect ..............................................................
59
6.
Religious Aspect ............................................................
63
People’s Republic of China .......................................................
66
1.
Social Aspect ..................................................................
66
2.
Economic Aspect ............................................................
69
3.
Polit ical Aspect ...............................................................
73
4.
Knowledge and Technology Development Aspect ..........
78
5.
Cult ural Aspect ..............................................................
79
6.
Religious Aspect ............................................................
81
CHAPTER V
PORTRAIT OF HUM AN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN THE NOVEL .....
82
A.
Violat ion of Religious Freedom .................................................
83
1.
The Church Persecut ion ..................................................
84
2.
Worshiping Anxiet y ........................................................
86
3.
Imprisonm ent Christ ians ................................................
89
B.
ix
B.
Violat ion of t he Right to Live ....................................................
92
1.
Abandoned Babies and Legalized Abort ion .....................
92
2.
Poor Children’s Orphanage Life ......................................
95
C.
Violat ion of Expression Freedom ..............................................
98
D.
Violat ion of Political Right s .......................................................
100
E.
Violat ion of t he Right for Proper Education ..............................
102
F.
Violat ion of Econom ic Freedom ................................................
105
CHAPTER VI VOICES OF THE AUTHOR ..........................................................
108
A.
Hum an Right s Violat ions...........................................................
109
1.
Upper Class Intimidat ion ................................................
110
2.
Social Disparit y ...............................................................
113
3.
The Rigid Governm ent Rules...........................................
116
a. One Child Policy ........................................................
116
b. Loyalist Com m unist Obligat ion .................................
120
The Gender Inequalit y .....................................................
123
a. Abandoned Baby Girl ................................................
123
b. At t itude tow ard Girls’ Educat ion...............................
128
5.
St arvat ion in Children’s Orphanage .................................
131
6.
The Lim it at ion of Religious Freedom ...............................
132
7.
The Peasant s’ Obligation to t he Government ..................
141
Evangelical M issions .................................................................
144
1.
Fait hful ...........................................................................
145
2.
Loving and Confident ......................................................
147
3.
Tolerant and Respect abilit y ............................................
149
4.
Recognizing Ot hers.........................................................
151
5.
Religious Freedom ..........................................................
152
6.
Peace..............................................................................
154
7.
Exemplification ...............................................................
155
8.
Dialogue .........................................................................
158
4.
B.
x
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION, SUGGESTION AND PEDAGOGICAL IM PLICATION
160
A.
Conclusion .............................................................................
160
B.
Suggest ion .............................................................................
162
C.
Pedagogical Implicat ion..........................................................
162
BIBLIOGRAPHY..............................................................................................
164
VIRTUAL REFERENCES ...................................................................................
169
xi
ABSTRACT
Purianingt yas, Allen Rufaida. S200110034. 2014. Crit icism Against Hum an Right s
Violat ion in C. Hope Flinchbaugh’s Novel Daught er of China (2002). Thesis.
M agist er Program of Language St udy. School of Post graduat e. M uham m adiyah
Universit y of Surakart a. Advisors: (1) Dr. M och. Thoyibi,M .S , (2) Dr. Phil. Dew i
Candraningrum, M .Ed.
This research deals w it h t he following aims: (1) describing t he cont ext of
Daught er of China, (2) explaining t he crit icism of t he author against violation of
human right s, (3) describing the author’s evangelical mission. The qualit ative
research is out lined by the descript ive m et hod. The w rit er of t he thesis collect ed
and cat egorized t he dat a obt ained. The first step w as exposing t he cont ext of
Unit ed St at es of America and People’s Republic of China Societ y at t he end of t he
t w ent iet h cent ury. Then it w as follow ed by the analysis of t he author’s crit icism
against hum an right violation and the author’s evangelical mission. The result of
t his research are as follow s: (1) there w as correlat ion bet w een aut hor’s social
background and int ent ion and the social cont ext of People’s Republic of China
and Unit ed St at es of Am erica, (2) author’s crit icism about hum an right s violation
can be cat egorized into upper class int imidat ion, social disparit y, the rigid
governm ent rules w hich consist of One Child Policy and loyalist com munist
obligation, gender inequalit y w hich consist of abandoned baby girl and att itude
t ow ard girls’ educat ion, st arvat ion of children’s orphanage, t he limit ation of
religious freedom, and the peasant s’ obligat ion to t he governm ent , (3) The
evangelical m ission conveyed by t he author w hich had been identified w as based
on the following principals: (1) faithful, (2) loving and confident, (3) tolerant and
respect abilit y, (4) recognizing others, (5) religious freedom, (6) peace,
exemplificat ion, and (8) dialogue
Keyw ords: Crit icism, human rights, violations
x
(7)
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AI
: Amnest y Int ernational
CCP
: China Comm unist Part y
GNP
: Gross Nat ional Product
NGO
: Non-Governm ent Organizat ion
PSB
: Public Securit y Bureau
UDHR : Universal Declarat ion of Human Right s
xi
IN C. HOPE FLINCHBAUGH’S NOVEL
DAUGHTER OF CHINA (2002)
A THESIS
Subm it t ed as a Part ial Fulfillm ent of t he Requirem ent s
For t he Com pletion of Get t ing t he Post graduat e Degree in
Language St udy Program
Proposed by:
ALLEN RUFAIDA PURIANINGTYAS
S 200110034
M AGISTER PROGRAM OF LANGUAGE STUDY
SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE
M UHAM M ADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
2015
i
NOTE OF ADVISOR I
Dr. M och. Thoyibi, M .S
Lect urer of M agist er of Language St udy Post Graduat e Program M uham m adiyah
Universit y of Surakart a.
Official not e on Allen Rufaida Purianingt yas’ Thesis
Dear,
The Direct or of Graduat e Program of M agist er of Language St udy of Graduat e
Program M uham m adiyah Universit y of Surakart a.
Assalam u’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Having read, exam ined, correct ed, and necessarily revised t ow ards the thesis of
Nam e
: Allen Rufaida Purianingt yas
NIM
: S200110034
Program
: M agist er of Language St udy
Focus on
: Lit erat ure
Tit le
:
Crit icism
Against
Hum an
Right s
Violation
in
C.
Hope
Flinchbaugh’s Novel Daught er of China (2002)
I access t hat t he t hesis is approved t o be examined by the board of exam iners in
t he M agist er of Language Study of M uham amdiyah Universit y of Surakart a.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Surakart a, 22
nd
July 2014
Dr. M och.Thoyibi, M .S
i
NOTE OF ADVISOR II
Dr. Phil. Dew i Candraningrum
Lect urer of M agist er of Language St udy Post Graduat e Program M uham m adiyah
Universit y of Surakart a.
Official not e on Allen Rufaida Purianingt yas’ Thesis
Dear,
The Direct or of Graduat e Program of M agist er of Language St udy of Graduat e
Program M uham m adiyah Universit y of Surakart a.
Assalam u’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Having read, exam ined, correct ed, and necessarily revised t ow ards the thesis of
Nam e
: Allen Rufaida Purianingt yas
NIM
: S200110034
Program
: M agist er of Language St udy
Focus on
: Lit erat ure
Tit le
: Criticism Against Human Right s Violat ion in C. Hope
Flinchbaugh’s Novel Daught er of China (2002)
I access t hat t he t hesis is approved t o be examined by the board of exam iners in
t he M agist er of Language Study of M uham amdiyah Universit y of Surakart a.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb
Surakart a, 22
nd
July, 2014
Dr. Phil Dew i Candraningrum, M .Ed
ii
iii
PRONOUNCEM ENT
I am the w rit er of this t hesis,
Nam e
: Allen Rufaida Purianingt yas
NIM
: S200110034
Program
: M agist er of Language St udy
Tit le
: CRITICISM AGAINST HUM AN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN C. HOPE
FLINCHBAUGH’S NOVEL DAUGHTER OF CHINA (2002)
Cert ify t hat t his thesis is definit ely m y ow n w ork. I am com plet ely responsible for
it s cont ent s. Otherw ise t here are some ot her w rit er’s opinions for findings
included in this t hesis but they are quot ed or cit ed in accordance w it h et hical
st andard. When t here is an evidence t hat t his t hesis is a kind of plagiarism , I w ill
accept t he cancellat ion of my post graduat e degree given by M uham madiyah
Universit y of Surakart a.
Surakart a,
January 2015
Sincerely
Allen Rufaida Purianingt yas
v
ACKNOW LEDGEM ENT
In t he nam e of Allah, the Alm ight y and M erciful. Praise in only to Allah for all
t his abundant blessing, mercies, and guidance, so t hat researcher is able t o
complet e t his t hesis. She w ould also like t o express her deep grat it ude t o the
following people:
1. Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyat i, SH, M . Hum, The Direct or of M agist er
Porgram of M uham madiyah Universit y of Surakart a,
2. Prof. Dr. M arkham ah, M .Hum, the Head of Language St udy Depart ment,
3. Dr. M och. Thoyibi, M .S and Dr. Phil. Dew i Candraningrum , M .Ed the
advisors of
t his thesis for
t heir
helpful
and
sincere guidance,
underst anding, and patience.
4. Prof. Dr. Hj. Endang Fauziat i for being t he exam iner. Thank you for t he
correct ions and advices.
5. M y beloved parent s Drs. M uh. Purwo Sungkow ast yo and Nunuk Sri
Hart ini, S.Pd t hank you for every big love, support s, and spirit s for m e.
This is t he gift for you all. Thank you very m uch for every beaut iful word
for m e in your praying. I deeply love you both.
6.
M y beloved brother Reza Taufiq Digara, t hank you for every love, help
and jokes.
vi
7. M y beloved grandm a, Sri Soem arsi. Thank you for t he praying, love,
mot ivation, and smile. Thank you so m uch for the sw eet hot milk and
fried banana you oft en m ake for me.
8. M y best friends Norm iningsih Fit riani (Vie) t hank you so m uch for t he
beaut iful friendship, love, support , and motivat ion. How lucky I am to
have a friend like you. Devi Kurniawat i (Devi), thank you for an
unpredict able friendship. Hart at i Rahayu (Tatik), Sit i Kusnul Khotimah
(Ichuz), M ift akhul Huda (Dek Huda), Aprilia Riyana Put ri ( M bak Lia) and
M et t a Khairunnisa (M bak M et t a), t hanks for t he beaut iful friendship,
jokes, laugh, and every amazing mom ent s.
9. M y classm at es in M agist er of Language St udy year 2011.
10. M y friends from t he ot her classes of M agist er Program , Faqih, M uhlas,
Luthfi Ali, M as Agung, M as Herri, M bak Afi Thanks for being my new
friends here.
11. M y husband will be, it w ill be the bridge of our bright future.
Finally, the researcher requires const ruct ive suggest ions for t he progress of
t he next st udy. She hopes t his research w ill be advant ageous for leading t o m ore
inspiring researchers.
Surakart a, January 2015
Allen Rufaida Purianingt yas
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT
Not e of Advisor I ...........................................................................................
i
Not e of Advisor II ..........................................................................................
ii
Pronouncem ent ............................................................................................
v
Acknow ledgem ent ........................................................................................
vi
Table of Cont ent ...........................................................................................
viii
Abst ract ........................................................................................................
x
List of Abbreviat ions .....................................................................................
xi
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................
1
A.
Background of the Research ...................................................
1
B.
Problem St at ement s...............................................................
17
C.
Lim it at ion of t he Research .....................................................
17
D.
Object ive of the Research ......................................................
18
E.
Benefit s of the Research ........................................................
18
F.
Thesis Organizat ion ................................................................
20
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................
22
A.
Previous St udies .....................................................................
22
B.
The Sociology of Lit erat ure .....................................................
24
C.
Human Right s.........................................................................
27
1.
The Not ion of Hum an Right s...........................................
27
2.
Hist orical Development of Hum an Right s .......................
29
3.
Universal Declarat ion of Human Right s...........................
31
4.
Classificat ion of Human Right s .......................................
32
5.
Conceptual Developm ent of Human Right s ...................
33
6.
Hum an Right s Violation .................................................
35
viii
D.
The Author’ Social Background ..............................................
36
E.
Evangelical M ission ...............................................................
41
RESEARCH M ETHODOLOGY....................................................
46
A.
Type of the Research ..............................................................
46
B.
Object of the Research ...........................................................
47
C.
Type of the Dat a and the Dat a Source ....................................
47
D.
Technique of the Dat a Collect ion ...........................................
48
E.
Technique of the Dat a Analysis ..............................................
49
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV SOCIAL CONTEXT OF UNITED STATES OF AM ERICA AND PEOPLE’S
REPUBLIC OF CHINA AT THE END OF THE TW ENTIETH CENTURY...................
A.
50
Unit ed St at es of America ..........................................................
50
1.
Social Aspect ..................................................................
50
2.
Economic Aspect ............................................................
53
3.
Polit ical Aspect ...............................................................
55
4.
Knowledge and Technology Development Aspect ..........
58
5.
Cult ural Aspect ..............................................................
59
6.
Religious Aspect ............................................................
63
People’s Republic of China .......................................................
66
1.
Social Aspect ..................................................................
66
2.
Economic Aspect ............................................................
69
3.
Polit ical Aspect ...............................................................
73
4.
Knowledge and Technology Development Aspect ..........
78
5.
Cult ural Aspect ..............................................................
79
6.
Religious Aspect ............................................................
81
CHAPTER V
PORTRAIT OF HUM AN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN THE NOVEL .....
82
A.
Violat ion of Religious Freedom .................................................
83
1.
The Church Persecut ion ..................................................
84
2.
Worshiping Anxiet y ........................................................
86
3.
Imprisonm ent Christ ians ................................................
89
B.
ix
B.
Violat ion of t he Right to Live ....................................................
92
1.
Abandoned Babies and Legalized Abort ion .....................
92
2.
Poor Children’s Orphanage Life ......................................
95
C.
Violat ion of Expression Freedom ..............................................
98
D.
Violat ion of Political Right s .......................................................
100
E.
Violat ion of t he Right for Proper Education ..............................
102
F.
Violat ion of Econom ic Freedom ................................................
105
CHAPTER VI VOICES OF THE AUTHOR ..........................................................
108
A.
Hum an Right s Violat ions...........................................................
109
1.
Upper Class Intimidat ion ................................................
110
2.
Social Disparit y ...............................................................
113
3.
The Rigid Governm ent Rules...........................................
116
a. One Child Policy ........................................................
116
b. Loyalist Com m unist Obligat ion .................................
120
The Gender Inequalit y .....................................................
123
a. Abandoned Baby Girl ................................................
123
b. At t itude tow ard Girls’ Educat ion...............................
128
5.
St arvat ion in Children’s Orphanage .................................
131
6.
The Lim it at ion of Religious Freedom ...............................
132
7.
The Peasant s’ Obligation to t he Government ..................
141
Evangelical M issions .................................................................
144
1.
Fait hful ...........................................................................
145
2.
Loving and Confident ......................................................
147
3.
Tolerant and Respect abilit y ............................................
149
4.
Recognizing Ot hers.........................................................
151
5.
Religious Freedom ..........................................................
152
6.
Peace..............................................................................
154
7.
Exemplification ...............................................................
155
8.
Dialogue .........................................................................
158
4.
B.
x
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION, SUGGESTION AND PEDAGOGICAL IM PLICATION
160
A.
Conclusion .............................................................................
160
B.
Suggest ion .............................................................................
162
C.
Pedagogical Implicat ion..........................................................
162
BIBLIOGRAPHY..............................................................................................
164
VIRTUAL REFERENCES ...................................................................................
169
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ABSTRACT
Purianingt yas, Allen Rufaida. S200110034. 2014. Crit icism Against Hum an Right s
Violat ion in C. Hope Flinchbaugh’s Novel Daught er of China (2002). Thesis.
M agist er Program of Language St udy. School of Post graduat e. M uham m adiyah
Universit y of Surakart a. Advisors: (1) Dr. M och. Thoyibi,M .S , (2) Dr. Phil. Dew i
Candraningrum, M .Ed.
This research deals w it h t he following aims: (1) describing t he cont ext of
Daught er of China, (2) explaining t he crit icism of t he author against violation of
human right s, (3) describing the author’s evangelical mission. The qualit ative
research is out lined by the descript ive m et hod. The w rit er of t he thesis collect ed
and cat egorized t he dat a obt ained. The first step w as exposing t he cont ext of
Unit ed St at es of America and People’s Republic of China Societ y at t he end of t he
t w ent iet h cent ury. Then it w as follow ed by the analysis of t he author’s crit icism
against hum an right violation and the author’s evangelical mission. The result of
t his research are as follow s: (1) there w as correlat ion bet w een aut hor’s social
background and int ent ion and the social cont ext of People’s Republic of China
and Unit ed St at es of Am erica, (2) author’s crit icism about hum an right s violation
can be cat egorized into upper class int imidat ion, social disparit y, the rigid
governm ent rules w hich consist of One Child Policy and loyalist com munist
obligation, gender inequalit y w hich consist of abandoned baby girl and att itude
t ow ard girls’ educat ion, st arvat ion of children’s orphanage, t he limit ation of
religious freedom, and the peasant s’ obligat ion to t he governm ent , (3) The
evangelical m ission conveyed by t he author w hich had been identified w as based
on the following principals: (1) faithful, (2) loving and confident, (3) tolerant and
respect abilit y, (4) recognizing others, (5) religious freedom, (6) peace,
exemplificat ion, and (8) dialogue
Keyw ords: Crit icism, human rights, violations
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(7)
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AI
: Amnest y Int ernational
CCP
: China Comm unist Part y
GNP
: Gross Nat ional Product
NGO
: Non-Governm ent Organizat ion
PSB
: Public Securit y Bureau
UDHR : Universal Declarat ion of Human Right s
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