Errors Educators Happened In Prenatal And After The Child Is Born To The Preschool Age And To Handle It In Islam.
O
ﻫـ
أ
) (١ﺑﺪﺃﺕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ،ﻭﺗﺄﺳﻴﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﱯ ،ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ
ﺴ ﹺﻢ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ﻪ ﺍﻟ ﺮ ﺣ ﻤ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟ ﺮﺣﻴ ﹺﻢ ﻣ ﻦ
ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ .ﻓﻘﺪ ﻭﺭﺩ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ،ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺪﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻲ ،ﺭﻗﻢ ) :٧ﹺﺑ
ﺤ ﻤ ﺪ ﻋﺒ ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ﻪ ﻭ ﺭﺳﻮﻟ ﻪ ﹺﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﻫ ﺮ ﹾﻗ ﹶﻞ ﻋﻈﻴ ﹺﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻭ ﹺﻡ .(...ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ )ﻛﺘﺎﺏ
ﻣ
ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﲑ ،ﺑﺎﺏ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺮﻗﻞ ﻳﺪﻋﻮﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ،ﺭﻗﻢ .(١٧٧٣ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ :ﺣﺼﻮﻝ
ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻝ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ ،ﺹ ).(٩
ب
ج
د
ه
ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﻟﻮﺩ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻻﺩﺗﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ
ﻭﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﻼﺟﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ
ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ) (١ﻭﻣﻌﲔ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ) (٢ﻭﴰﺲ ﺍﳍﺪﺍﻳﺔ
) (٣
ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﳓﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ –ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ– ﻛﻤﻘﺎﺗﻠﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻃﻼﺏ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺬﺏ،
ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻗﺔ ،ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻟﻴﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﺒﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ ،ﻓﻮﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺳﺒﺒﻪ ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺀ
ﺍﳌﺮﺑﲔ ﰲ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻫﻢ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺻﻐﺮﻫﻢ ،ﺣﱴ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺒﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻋﻮﺩﻭﺍ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔﺎﺕ ،ﻷﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻄﺒﻊ
ﰲ ﺫﻫﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺌﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻮﺿﻮﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺘﻬﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻻ
ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﺺ ﻣﻨﻪ.
ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻭﻻﺩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ،ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ
ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﳓﺮﺍﻑ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻭﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﻼﺟﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ،ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﰊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﻟﻮﺩ
ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻻﺩﺗﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ،ﻭﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﻼﺟﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ .ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﲔ :ﺍﻷﻭﻝ-
ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺋﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺘﻬﺎ،
ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ -ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺄﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﰊ ﰲ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻫﻢ
ﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ،ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻌﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﻷﺳﺎ ﺳﻴﺔ ﳊﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ.
ﻭﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ :ﺇﻥ ﺍﳓﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﺍ ،ﻓﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ،
ﳋ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺳﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﹺﺭﻓﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺀ .ﻭﻣﻦ
ﻛﺘﺨﻠﻲ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﻳﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ،ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ :ﻛﺎ ﹸ
ﺃﻛﱪ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳓﺮﺍﻓﻬﻢ ﺃﺧﻄﺎ ُﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﰊ ﰲ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻫﻢ .ﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ،ﻷﻥ ﻛﻞ
ﻣﺎ ﻳﻄﺒﻊ ﰲ ﺫﻫﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻮﺿﻮﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺘﻬﻢ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﺒﺤﻮﻥ
ﺭﺍﺷﺪﻳﻦ .ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻌﺎﰿ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ،ﻭﻧﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ
ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﻻﺩﻢ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻟﻴﺼﻠﺢ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﻷﻫﻞ ﻭﺍﺘﻤﻊ.
ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ :ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺀ ،ﺍﳌﺮﺑﲔ ،ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ.
) (١ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﻛﺮﺗﺎ.
) (٢ﳏﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﻛﺮﺗﺎ.
) (٣ﳏﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﻛﺮﺗﺎ.
و
ERRORS EDUCATORS HAPPENED IN PRENATAL AND AFTER THE CHILD IS
BORN TO THE PRESCHOOL AGE AND TO HANDLE IT IN ISLAM
By:
Amir Hamid(١), Muh. Muinudinillah Basri(٢), Syamsul Hidayat(٣)
Abstract
The widespread of delinquency especially at this era like brawl among
students, lying, stealing, and others prompted the author to investigate the
cause of all this. The author saw that the cause of all this is the fault of parents
in educating their children from childhood, so when the children grow up,
children are accustomed to do violations because of bad character has been
embedded in the soul of the child since childhood
The purpose of this study was to know the urgency of education for
both parents and prenatal, knowing the causes of children delinquency and to
handle it, and to know mistakes of educators before and after the child is born
until the age of preschool and to tackling it in Islam.
The author uses two basic methods: First, the inductive approach is to
look for information related to this issue from a variety of sources to find out its
essence. Second, an analytical approach, the author will find information related
to errors educators in educate their children to uncover the essence of the
problem, and then make these data as an essential document to answer the
problem formulation.
The results showed that the delinquency has many causes, including
internal causes, such indifferent attitude of parents in educating their children,
and external causes, such as bad society or bad friends. Among the biggest
reasons in the delinquency is error parents to educating them, even more
mistakes to educate children at preschool age, because what is recorded in the
child's mind in this period will appear with a real influence on his personality
when fully grown up. Then these mistakes need to be handle according to AlQuran and As-Sunnah and scholars explanations, and need to be applied an
education for children before and after the child is born so they will have great
individual, families and communities.
Keywords : errors, educator, children
(١)
Post Graduate student Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Lecturer staff Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
(٣)
Lecturer staff Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
(٢)
ز
ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼﻝ
ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ :
ﺴ ﹸﻜ ﻢ ﻭﹶﺃ ﻫﻠﻴ ﹸﻜ ﻢ ﻧﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﻭﻗﹸﻮ ﺩﻫﺎ
ﻳﺎ ﹶﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ﻦ ﺁ ﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﻗﹸﻮﺍ ﺃﹶﻧ ﹸﻔ
ﺤﺠﺎ ﺭ ﹸﺓ ﻋ ﹶﻠ ﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻼﺋ ﹶﻜﺔﹲ ﻏﻼﻅﹲ ﺷﺪﺍﺩ ﻻ ﻳ ﻌﺼﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ﻪ ﻣﺎ
ﺱ ﻭﺍﹾﻟ
ﺍﻟﻨﺎ
ﹶﺃ ﻣ ﺮ ﻫ ﻢ ﻭﻳ ﹾﻔ ﻌﻠﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻳ ﺆ ﻣﺮﻭ ﹶﻥ
ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ ،ﺁﻳﺔ )(٦
ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ :
ﺴﺌﹸﻮﻝﹲ
ﻉ ﻭ ﻣ
ﺴﺌﹸﻮﻝﹲ ﻋ ﻦ ﺭ ﻋﻴﺘ ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟﹺﺈﻣﺎ ﻡ ﺭﺍ ﹴ
ﻉ ﻭ ﹸﻛﱡﻠ ﹸﻜ ﻢ ﻣ
) ﹸﻛﱡﻠ ﹸﻜ ﻢ ﺭﺍ ﹴ
ﺴﺌﹸﻮﻝﹲ ﻋ ﻦ ﺭ ﻋﻴﺘ ﻪ
ﻉ ﻓﻲ ﹶﺃ ﻫ ﻠ ﻪ ﻭ ﻫ ﻮ ﻣ
ﻋ ﻦ ﺭ ﻋﻴﺘ ﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺮ ﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺭﺍ ﹴ
ﺴﺌﹸﻮﹶﻟﺔﹲ ﻋ ﻦ ﺭ ﻋﻴﺘ ﻪ(
ﺖ ﺯ ﻭ ﹺﺟﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻣ
ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ﻤ ﺮﹶﺃ ﹸﺓ ﺭﺍ ﻋﻴﺔﹲ ﻓﻲ ﺑ ﻴ
ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ
ح
ﺍﻹھﺪاء
ﺃﻫﺪﻱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ:
ﻱ ﺍﶈﺒﻮﺑﲔ ...ﺃﺳﺄﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ
ﺇﱃ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ
ﻳﻐﻔﺮﳘﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺭﺑﻴﺎﱐ ﺻﻐﲑﺍ
ﺇﱃ ﺯﻭﺟﱵ ﻭﺃﻭﻻﺩﻱ ...ﺃﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﻫﺐ
ﻟﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺯﻭﺍﺟﻨﺎ ﻭﺫﺭﻳﺎﺗﻨﺎ ﻗﺮﺓ ﺃﻋﲔ
ﺇﱃ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻣﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ
ﻭﺳﻨﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ
ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ...ﺃﺣﺒﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺍﷲ
ط
ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ
ﻚ ﹺﺇﹶﻟ ﻲ
ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ :ﹶﺃ ﻥ ﺍ ﺷ ﹸﻜ ﺮ ﻟﻲ ﻭﻟﻮﺍﻟ ﺪﻳ
ﺱ() .(٢ﺃﺷﻜﺮ
ﺸ ﹸﻜ ﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ
ﺸ ﹸﻜ ﺮ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ﻪ ﻣ ﻦ ﹶﻻ ﻳ
ﺼ ﲑ ،(١)ﻭﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ) :ﹶﻻ ﻳ
ﺍﹾﻟ ﻤ
ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻌﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻻ ﺃﺣﺼﻲ ﻋﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺑﻠﻎ ﺷﻜﺮﻫﺎ ،ﻭﺃﻋﻈﻤﻬﺎ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ
ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ،ﰒ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ﺳﻠﻮﻙ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺗﻴﺴﲑﻩ ﱄ ،ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﳒﺎﺯ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
" ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﰊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﻟﻮﺩ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻻﺩﺗﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ
ﻭﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﻼﺟﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ" ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﲏ ﻭﻻ ﻗﻮﺓ ،ﺑﻞ ﲟﺤﺾ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻘﻪ
ﻭﻓﻀﻠﻪ ﻭﻣﻨﺘﻪ.
ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﳝﲔ ،ﺳ ﻮﺭﹺﻳﺎﰐ ﻭﺣﺎﻣﺪ –
ﺣﻔﻈﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﷲ– ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺳﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ ،ﻣﺴﺎﻧﺪﻳﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ
ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﱄ ،ﳑﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ،
) (١ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻟﻘﻤﺎﻥ ،ﺁﻳﺔ ).(١٤
) (٢ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﰲ ﺳﻨﻨﻪ )ﺃﻭﻝ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ،ﺑﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺷﻜﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ،ﺭﻗﻢ ،(٤٨١١ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ
ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ.
ي
ﻭﺗﻴﺴﲑ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﻓﺠﺰﺍﳘﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺧﲑ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ ،ﻭﺃﻋﺎﻧﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﳘﺎ ﻭﺭ ﺩ
ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﻬﻤﺎ ،ﺇﻧﻪ ﲰﻴﻊ ﳎﻴﺐ.
ﻭﺃﺷﻜﺮ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﳍﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﺮ
ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ" :ﺟﺰﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺧﲑ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ " .ﻭﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﳋﺼﻮﺹ ﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﺷﻜﺮﻱ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﻞ
ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ:
.١ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﻛﺮﺗﺎ ﺍﶈﻤﺪﻳﺔ ،ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻣﺒﻨﺞ ﺳﻴﺘﻴﺎﺟﻲ ﻟﻴﺴﻬﻞ
ﻟﻨﺎ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻛﺔ ،ﻭﺟﺰﺍﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺧﲑ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ.
.٢ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﻛﺮﺗﺎ ﺍﶈﻤﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ
ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺩﻣﻴﺎﻃﻲ -ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ.-
.٣ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ
ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺳﻮﺩﺭﻧﻮ ﺻﱪﺍﻥ -ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ -ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺬﻝ ﺍﳉﻬﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ
ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ.
ك
.٤ﻣﺸﺮﻑ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﱵ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﲔ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺼﺮﻱ ﺍﶈﺎﺿﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ
ﻗﺴﻢ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﻡ ،ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺃﻓﺎﺩﱐ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ
ﻭﺑﺬﻝ ﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ،ﻓﺠﺰﺍﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺧﲑ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ
ﻟﻪ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺜﻮﺑﺔ ،ﺇﻧﻪ ﲰﻴﻊ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﳎﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺍﺕ.
.٥ﻣﺸﺮﻑ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﱵ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﴰﺲ ﺍﳍﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺎﺿﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﻗﺴﻢ
ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ،ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺃﻓﺎﺩﱐ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﻭﻗﻮﻡ
ﻟﺴﺎﱐ ﻭﻗﻠﻤﻲ ،ﻭﺭﺑﺎﱐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﻀﺒﺎﻁ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺖ ،ﻓﺠﺰﺍﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺧﲑ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ
ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺜﻮﺑﺔ ،ﺇﻧﻪ ﲰﻴﻊ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﳎﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺍﺕ.
.٦ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﻛﺮﺗﺎ ﺍﶈﻤﺪﻳﺔ
ﻭﻣﻮﻇﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ.
.٧ﺯﻭﺟﱵ ،ﺭﲪﺔ ﺳﻔﻄﺮﻱ ،ﻭﺃﺑﻨﺎﺋﻲ ،ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ ﻭﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ –ﺣﻔﻈﻬﻢ
ﺍﷲ– ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﻭﱐ ﻹﺎﺀ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻮﻳﺶ ﺃﺛﺎﺀ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ.
.٨ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻌﺎﻢ ﻹﺎﺀ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ.
ل
.٩ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺇﱄ ﻋﻮﻧﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺳﺪﻱ ﺇﱄ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﹰﺎ ،ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﱢﻤﲔ ﺍﻷﻓﺎﺿﻞ،
ﻭﺍﻹﺧﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻡ ،ﻓﺠﺰﻯ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺧﲑ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ ﻭﺷﻜﺮ ﳍﻢ ﺳﻌﻴﻬﻢ.
ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺬﻝ ﺟﻬﺪﻩ ﻭﻭﺳﻌﻪ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻻ ﲣﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﺼﺎﻥ ،ﻷﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ،ﻭﺍﳊﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ
ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﳋﺒﲑ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ،ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ،ﻭﻳﺴﺄﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﻪ،
ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻔﻀﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺢ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻯ
ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ.
ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﺃﲨﻌﲔ.
ﺳﻮﺭﺍﻛﺮﺗﺎ ١٨ ،ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ ٢٠١٣
ﻛﺘﺒﻪ
ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ
م
ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ
ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ
ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ ..............................................................ﺃ
ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻓﲔ .......................................................ﺏ
ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ .......................................................ﺝ
ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ .....................................................ﺩ
ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼﻝ .........................................................ﻫـ
ﺍﻹﻫﺪﺍﺀ ..............................................................ﻭ
ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ......................................................ﺯ
ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ............................................................ﻙ
ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ٢ ..........................................................
ﺃ .ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ٢ ..........................................................
ﺏ .ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ٧ ...................................................
ﺕ .ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ٧ .............................................
ﺙ .ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ٨ ...................................................
ن
ﺝ .ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪﻩ ٨ .............................................
ﺡ .ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ٩ ..................................................
ﺥ .ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻱ ١٣ .................................................
ﺩ .ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ١٤ ..................................................
ﺫ .ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ١٩ ...................................................
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ :ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ٢١ ...................
ﺃ .ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ :ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ٢٣ ..............................
ﺏ .ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ :ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ٣٥ ..........................
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ :ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﳓﺮﺍﻑ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﳉﺘﻪ ٣٩ ..............
ﺃ .ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ :ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻘﺮ ٤١ ...............
ﺏ .ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ :ﲣﻠﻲ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﻳﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ٥٣ .....................
ﺕ .ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ :ﺳﻮﺀ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﻳﻦ ﻟﻠﻮﻟﺪ ٦١ ........................
ﳋ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺳﺪﺓ ﻭ ﹺﺭﻓﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺀ ٦٥ .....................
ﺙ .ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ :ﺍ ﹸ
ﺝ .ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ :ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻓﺮﻳﺴﺔ ﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ ٦٨ ..................
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ :ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﰊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﻟﻮﺩ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻻﺩﺗﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ
ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ٧٢ .....................................................
ﺃ .ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ :ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﰊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ٧٣ ..........................
س
ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ :ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺇﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ
ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ٧٤ .........................................................
ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ :ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﲝﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳉﻨﲔ ٨٣ .......................
ﺏ .ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ:ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ )ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﺣﱴ ﺎﻳﺔ
ﺍﳊﻮﻟﲔ( ٩٤ .......................................................
ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ :ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺒﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺡ ﺑﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻧﺜﻰ ٩٥ ........
ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ :ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺿﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ ﻔﻄﺎﻡ ١٠٠ ...................
ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ :ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺄﲰﺎﺀ ﻏﲑ ﻻﺋﻘﺔ ١٠٨ ...................
ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ :ﺗﺄﺧﲑ ﺍﳋﺘﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻍ ١٢١ ..........................
ﺕ .ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ :ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ١٣١ ..................
ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ :ﻏﻔﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﰊ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻘﲔ ﻭﻟﺪﻫﻢ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ
ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻧﻄﻘﻪ ١٣٢ .......................................
ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ :ﺣﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻔﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻨﺎﻥ ١٣٦ ......
ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ :ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﰊ ﻟﻔﻌﻠﻪ ١٤٥ .........................
ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ :ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ١٤٩ ........
ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ :ﲣﻮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺧﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ١٥٤ ..............
ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ :ﺗﺮﻙ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺎﺩﻣﺔ ١٥٦ .................
ع
ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ :ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﻼﺓ ١٥٩ ..
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ :ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ ١٦٢ ...........................................
ﺃ .ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ١٦٣ .................................................
ﺏ .ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ١٧٠ ....................................................
ﺕ .ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺣﺎﺕ ١٧٣ ....................................................
ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺎﺭﺱ ١٧٤ ........................................................
ﺃ .ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻧﻴﺔ ١٧٥ .....................................
ﺏ .ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ١٧٩ ..................................
ﺕ .ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ١٨٣ ..............................................
ﺙ .ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ١٨٤ ............................................
ﺝ .ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ١٨٧ .....................................
ف
O
ﻫـ
أ
) (١ﺑﺪﺃﺕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ،ﻭﺗﺄﺳﻴﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﱯ ،ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ
ﺴ ﹺﻢ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ﻪ ﺍﻟ ﺮ ﺣ ﻤ ﹺﻦ ﺍﻟ ﺮﺣﻴ ﹺﻢ ﻣ ﻦ
ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ .ﻓﻘﺪ ﻭﺭﺩ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ،ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺪﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻲ ،ﺭﻗﻢ ) :٧ﹺﺑ
ﺤ ﻤ ﺪ ﻋﺒ ﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ﻪ ﻭ ﺭﺳﻮﻟ ﻪ ﹺﺇﻟﹶﻰ ﻫ ﺮ ﹾﻗ ﹶﻞ ﻋﻈﻴ ﹺﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻭ ﹺﻡ .(...ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﻪ )ﻛﺘﺎﺏ
ﻣ
ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﲑ ،ﺑﺎﺏ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺮﻗﻞ ﻳﺪﻋﻮﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ،ﺭﻗﻢ .(١٧٧٣ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ :ﺣﺼﻮﻝ
ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻝ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻝ ،ﺹ ).(٩
ب
ج
د
ه
ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﻟﻮﺩ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻻﺩﺗﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ
ﻭﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﻼﺟﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ
ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ) (١ﻭﻣﻌﲔ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ) (٢ﻭﴰﺲ ﺍﳍﺪﺍﻳﺔ
) (٣
ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﳓﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ –ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ– ﻛﻤﻘﺎﺗﻠﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻃﻼﺏ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺬﺏ،
ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻗﺔ ،ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻟﻴﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﺒﺐ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ ،ﻓﻮﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺳﺒﺒﻪ ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺀ
ﺍﳌﺮﺑﲔ ﰲ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻫﻢ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺻﻐﺮﻫﻢ ،ﺣﱴ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺒﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻋﻮﺩﻭﺍ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔﺎﺕ ،ﻷﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻄﺒﻊ
ﰲ ﺫﻫﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺌﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻮﺿﻮﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺘﻬﻢ ﺣﱴ ﻻ
ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﺨﺺ ﻣﻨﻪ.
ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻭﻻﺩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ،ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ
ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﳓﺮﺍﻑ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻭﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﻼﺟﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ،ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﰊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﻟﻮﺩ
ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻻﺩﺗﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ،ﻭﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﻼﺟﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ .ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﲔ :ﺍﻷﻭﻝ-
ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺋﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺘﻬﺎ،
ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ -ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺄﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﰊ ﰲ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻫﻢ
ﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ،ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻌﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﻷﺳﺎ ﺳﻴﺔ ﳊﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ.
ﻭﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ :ﺇﻥ ﺍﳓﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﺍ ،ﻓﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ،
ﳋ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺳﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﹺﺭﻓﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺀ .ﻭﻣﻦ
ﻛﺘﺨﻠﻲ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﻳﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ،ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ :ﻛﺎ ﹸ
ﺃﻛﱪ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳓﺮﺍﻓﻬﻢ ﺃﺧﻄﺎ ُﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﰊ ﰲ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻫﻢ .ﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ،ﻷﻥ ﻛﻞ
ﻣﺎ ﻳﻄﺒﻊ ﰲ ﺫﻫﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻮﺿﻮﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺘﻬﻢ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﺒﺤﻮﻥ
ﺭﺍﺷﺪﻳﻦ .ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻌﺎﰿ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ،ﻭﻧﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ
ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﻻﺩﻢ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻟﻴﺼﻠﺢ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﻷﻫﻞ ﻭﺍﺘﻤﻊ.
ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ :ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺀ ،ﺍﳌﺮﺑﲔ ،ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ.
) (١ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﻛﺮﺗﺎ.
) (٢ﳏﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﻛﺮﺗﺎ.
) (٣ﳏﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﻛﺮﺗﺎ.
و
ERRORS EDUCATORS HAPPENED IN PRENATAL AND AFTER THE CHILD IS
BORN TO THE PRESCHOOL AGE AND TO HANDLE IT IN ISLAM
By:
Amir Hamid(١), Muh. Muinudinillah Basri(٢), Syamsul Hidayat(٣)
Abstract
The widespread of delinquency especially at this era like brawl among
students, lying, stealing, and others prompted the author to investigate the
cause of all this. The author saw that the cause of all this is the fault of parents
in educating their children from childhood, so when the children grow up,
children are accustomed to do violations because of bad character has been
embedded in the soul of the child since childhood
The purpose of this study was to know the urgency of education for
both parents and prenatal, knowing the causes of children delinquency and to
handle it, and to know mistakes of educators before and after the child is born
until the age of preschool and to tackling it in Islam.
The author uses two basic methods: First, the inductive approach is to
look for information related to this issue from a variety of sources to find out its
essence. Second, an analytical approach, the author will find information related
to errors educators in educate their children to uncover the essence of the
problem, and then make these data as an essential document to answer the
problem formulation.
The results showed that the delinquency has many causes, including
internal causes, such indifferent attitude of parents in educating their children,
and external causes, such as bad society or bad friends. Among the biggest
reasons in the delinquency is error parents to educating them, even more
mistakes to educate children at preschool age, because what is recorded in the
child's mind in this period will appear with a real influence on his personality
when fully grown up. Then these mistakes need to be handle according to AlQuran and As-Sunnah and scholars explanations, and need to be applied an
education for children before and after the child is born so they will have great
individual, families and communities.
Keywords : errors, educator, children
(١)
Post Graduate student Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Lecturer staff Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
(٣)
Lecturer staff Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
(٢)
ز
ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼﻝ
ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ :
ﺴ ﹸﻜ ﻢ ﻭﹶﺃ ﻫﻠﻴ ﹸﻜ ﻢ ﻧﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﻭﻗﹸﻮ ﺩﻫﺎ
ﻳﺎ ﹶﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳ ﻦ ﺁ ﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﻗﹸﻮﺍ ﺃﹶﻧ ﹸﻔ
ﺤﺠﺎ ﺭ ﹸﺓ ﻋ ﹶﻠ ﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻼﺋ ﹶﻜﺔﹲ ﻏﻼﻅﹲ ﺷﺪﺍﺩ ﻻ ﻳ ﻌﺼﻮ ﹶﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ﻪ ﻣﺎ
ﺱ ﻭﺍﹾﻟ
ﺍﻟﻨﺎ
ﹶﺃ ﻣ ﺮ ﻫ ﻢ ﻭﻳ ﹾﻔ ﻌﻠﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻳ ﺆ ﻣﺮﻭ ﹶﻥ
ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﱘ ،ﺁﻳﺔ )(٦
ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ :
ﺴﺌﹸﻮﻝﹲ
ﻉ ﻭ ﻣ
ﺴﺌﹸﻮﻝﹲ ﻋ ﻦ ﺭ ﻋﻴﺘ ﻪ ﺍﹾﻟﹺﺈﻣﺎ ﻡ ﺭﺍ ﹴ
ﻉ ﻭ ﹸﻛﱡﻠ ﹸﻜ ﻢ ﻣ
) ﹸﻛﱡﻠ ﹸﻜ ﻢ ﺭﺍ ﹴ
ﺴﺌﹸﻮﻝﹲ ﻋ ﻦ ﺭ ﻋﻴﺘ ﻪ
ﻉ ﻓﻲ ﹶﺃ ﻫ ﻠ ﻪ ﻭ ﻫ ﻮ ﻣ
ﻋ ﻦ ﺭ ﻋﻴﺘ ﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺮ ﺟ ﹸﻞ ﺭﺍ ﹴ
ﺴﺌﹸﻮﹶﻟﺔﹲ ﻋ ﻦ ﺭ ﻋﻴﺘ ﻪ(
ﺖ ﺯ ﻭ ﹺﺟﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻣ
ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ﻤ ﺮﹶﺃ ﹸﺓ ﺭﺍ ﻋﻴﺔﹲ ﻓﻲ ﺑ ﻴ
ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ
ح
ﺍﻹھﺪاء
ﺃﻫﺪﻱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ:
ﻱ ﺍﶈﺒﻮﺑﲔ ...ﺃﺳﺄﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ
ﺇﱃ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ
ﻳﻐﻔﺮﳘﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺭﺑﻴﺎﱐ ﺻﻐﲑﺍ
ﺇﱃ ﺯﻭﺟﱵ ﻭﺃﻭﻻﺩﻱ ...ﺃﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﻫﺐ
ﻟﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺯﻭﺍﺟﻨﺎ ﻭﺫﺭﻳﺎﺗﻨﺎ ﻗﺮﺓ ﺃﻋﲔ
ﺇﱃ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻣﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ
ﻭﺳﻨﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ
ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ...ﺃﺣﺒﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺍﷲ
ط
ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ
ﻚ ﹺﺇﹶﻟ ﻲ
ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ :ﹶﺃ ﻥ ﺍ ﺷ ﹸﻜ ﺮ ﻟﻲ ﻭﻟﻮﺍﻟ ﺪﻳ
ﺱ() .(٢ﺃﺷﻜﺮ
ﺸ ﹸﻜ ﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ
ﺸ ﹸﻜ ﺮ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ﻪ ﻣ ﻦ ﹶﻻ ﻳ
ﺼ ﲑ ،(١)ﻭﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ) :ﹶﻻ ﻳ
ﺍﹾﻟ ﻤ
ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻌﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻻ ﺃﺣﺼﻲ ﻋﺪﻫﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺑﻠﻎ ﺷﻜﺮﻫﺎ ،ﻭﺃﻋﻈﻤﻬﺎ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ
ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ،ﰒ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ﺳﻠﻮﻙ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺗﻴﺴﲑﻩ ﱄ ،ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﳒﺎﺯ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ
" ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﰊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﻟﻮﺩ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻻﺩﺗﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ
ﻭﻃﺮﻕ ﻋﻼﺟﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ" ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﲏ ﻭﻻ ﻗﻮﺓ ،ﺑﻞ ﲟﺤﺾ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻘﻪ
ﻭﻓﻀﻠﻪ ﻭﻣﻨﺘﻪ.
ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﳝﲔ ،ﺳ ﻮﺭﹺﻳﺎﰐ ﻭﺣﺎﻣﺪ –
ﺣﻔﻈﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﷲ– ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺳﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻮﻟﺔ ،ﻣﺴﺎﻧﺪﻳﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ
ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﱄ ،ﳑﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ،
) (١ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﻟﻘﻤﺎﻥ ،ﺁﻳﺔ ).(١٤
) (٢ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﰲ ﺳﻨﻨﻪ )ﺃﻭﻝ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ،ﺑﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺷﻜﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ،ﺭﻗﻢ ،(٤٨١١ﻭﺻﺤﺤﻪ
ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﱐ.
ي
ﻭﺗﻴﺴﲑ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﻓﺠﺰﺍﳘﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺧﲑ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ ،ﻭﺃﻋﺎﻧﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﳘﺎ ﻭﺭ ﺩ
ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﻬﻤﺎ ،ﺇﻧﻪ ﲰﻴﻊ ﳎﻴﺐ.
ﻭﺃﺷﻜﺮ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﳍﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﺮ
ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ" :ﺟﺰﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺧﲑ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ " .ﻭﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﳋﺼﻮﺹ ﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﺷﻜﺮﻱ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﻞ
ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ:
.١ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﻛﺮﺗﺎ ﺍﶈﻤﺪﻳﺔ ،ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻣﺒﻨﺞ ﺳﻴﺘﻴﺎﺟﻲ ﻟﻴﺴﻬﻞ
ﻟﻨﺎ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻛﺔ ،ﻭﺟﺰﺍﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺧﲑ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ.
.٢ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﻛﺮﺗﺎ ﺍﶈﻤﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ
ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺩﻣﻴﺎﻃﻲ -ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ.-
.٣ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ
ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺳﻮﺩﺭﻧﻮ ﺻﱪﺍﻥ -ﺣﻔﻈﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ -ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺬﻝ ﺍﳉﻬﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ
ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ.
ك
.٤ﻣﺸﺮﻑ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﱵ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﲔ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺼﺮﻱ ﺍﶈﺎﺿﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ
ﻗﺴﻢ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻹﻳﻼﻡ ،ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺃﻓﺎﺩﱐ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ
ﻭﺑﺬﻝ ﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ،ﻓﺠﺰﺍﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺧﲑ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ ﻭﻛﺘﺐ
ﻟﻪ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺜﻮﺑﺔ ،ﺇﻧﻪ ﲰﻴﻊ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﳎﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺍﺕ.
.٥ﻣﺸﺮﻑ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﱵ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﴰﺲ ﺍﳍﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺎﺿﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﻗﺴﻢ
ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ،ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺃﻓﺎﺩﱐ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﻭﻗﻮﻡ
ﻟﺴﺎﱐ ﻭﻗﻠﻤﻲ ،ﻭﺭﺑﺎﱐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﻀﺒﺎﻁ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺖ ،ﻓﺠﺰﺍﻩ ﺍﷲ ﺧﲑ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ
ﻭﻛﺘﺐ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﻷﺟﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺜﻮﺑﺔ ،ﺇﻧﻪ ﲰﻴﻊ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﳎﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺍﺕ.
.٦ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﻛﺮﺗﺎ ﺍﶈﻤﺪﻳﺔ
ﻭﻣﻮﻇﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ.
.٧ﺯﻭﺟﱵ ،ﺭﲪﺔ ﺳﻔﻄﺮﻱ ،ﻭﺃﺑﻨﺎﺋﻲ ،ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﺍﻕ ﻭﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ –ﺣﻔﻈﻬﻢ
ﺍﷲ– ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺪﻭﱐ ﻹﺎﺀ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻮﻳﺶ ﺃﺛﺎﺀ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ.
.٨ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻌﺎﻢ ﻹﺎﺀ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ.
ل
.٩ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺇﱄ ﻋﻮﻧﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺳﺪﻱ ﺇﱄ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﹰﺎ ،ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﱢﻤﲔ ﺍﻷﻓﺎﺿﻞ،
ﻭﺍﻹﺧﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻡ ،ﻓﺠﺰﻯ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺧﲑ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ ﻭﺷﻜﺮ ﳍﻢ ﺳﻌﻴﻬﻢ.
ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺬﻝ ﺟﻬﺪﻩ ﻭﻭﺳﻌﻪ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻻ ﲣﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﺼﺎﻥ ،ﻷﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ،ﻭﺍﳊﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ
ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﳋﺒﲑ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ،ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ،ﻭﻳﺴﺄﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻔﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﻪ،
ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻔﻀﻞ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺢ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻯ
ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ.
ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﺃﲨﻌﲔ.
ﺳﻮﺭﺍﻛﺮﺗﺎ ١٨ ،ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ ٢٠١٣
ﻛﺘﺒﻪ
ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ
م
ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ
ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ
ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ ..............................................................ﺃ
ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻓﲔ .......................................................ﺏ
ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ .......................................................ﺝ
ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ .....................................................ﺩ
ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼﻝ .........................................................ﻫـ
ﺍﻹﻫﺪﺍﺀ ..............................................................ﻭ
ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ......................................................ﺯ
ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ............................................................ﻙ
ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ٢ ..........................................................
ﺃ .ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ٢ ..........................................................
ﺏ .ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ٧ ...................................................
ﺕ .ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ٧ .............................................
ﺙ .ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ٨ ...................................................
ن
ﺝ .ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪﻩ ٨ .............................................
ﺡ .ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ٩ ..................................................
ﺥ .ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻱ ١٣ .................................................
ﺩ .ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ١٤ ..................................................
ﺫ .ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ١٩ ...................................................
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ :ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ٢١ ...................
ﺃ .ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ :ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ٢٣ ..............................
ﺏ .ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ :ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ٣٥ ..........................
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ :ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﳓﺮﺍﻑ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﳉﺘﻪ ٣٩ ..............
ﺃ .ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ :ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﻕ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻘﺮ ٤١ ...............
ﺏ .ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ :ﲣﻠﻲ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﻳﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ٥٣ .....................
ﺕ .ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ :ﺳﻮﺀ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﻳﻦ ﻟﻠﻮﻟﺪ ٦١ ........................
ﳋ ﹾﻠ ﹶﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺳﺪﺓ ﻭ ﹺﺭﻓﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺀ ٦٥ .....................
ﺙ .ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ :ﺍ ﹸ
ﺝ .ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ :ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻓﺮﻳﺴﺔ ﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ ٦٨ ..................
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ :ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﰊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﻟﻮﺩ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻭﻻﺩﺗﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ
ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ٧٢ .....................................................
ﺃ .ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ :ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﰊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ٧٣ ..........................
س
ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ :ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺇﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ
ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ٧٤ .........................................................
ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ :ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﲝﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳉﻨﲔ ٨٣ .......................
ﺏ .ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ:ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ )ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﺣﱴ ﺎﻳﺔ
ﺍﳊﻮﻟﲔ( ٩٤ .......................................................
ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ :ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺒﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺡ ﺑﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻧﺜﻰ ٩٥ ........
ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ :ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺿﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ ﻔﻄﺎﻡ ١٠٠ ...................
ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ :ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺄﲰﺎﺀ ﻏﲑ ﻻﺋﻘﺔ ١٠٨ ...................
ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ :ﺗﺄﺧﲑ ﺍﳋﺘﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﻍ ١٢١ ..........................
ﺕ .ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ :ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ١٣١ ..................
ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ :ﻏﻔﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﰊ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻘﲔ ﻭﻟﺪﻫﻢ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ
ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺮﻑ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻧﻄﻘﻪ ١٣٢ .......................................
ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ :ﺣﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻔﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻨﺎﻥ ١٣٦ ......
ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ :ﳐﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻗﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﰊ ﻟﻔﻌﻠﻪ ١٤٥ .........................
ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ :ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ١٤٩ ........
ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ :ﲣﻮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺧﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ١٥٤ ..............
ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ :ﺗﺮﻙ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺎﺩﻣﺔ ١٥٦ .................
ع
ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ :ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﻼﺓ ١٥٩ ..
ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ :ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ ١٦٢ ...........................................
ﺃ .ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ١٦٣ .................................................
ﺏ .ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ١٧٠ ....................................................
ﺕ .ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺣﺎﺕ ١٧٣ ....................................................
ﺍﻟﻔﻬﺎﺭﺱ ١٧٤ ........................................................
ﺃ .ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻧﻴﺔ ١٧٥ .....................................
ﺏ .ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ١٧٩ ..................................
ﺕ .ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ١٨٣ ..............................................
ﺙ .ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ ١٨٤ ............................................
ﺝ .ﻓﻬﺮﺱ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ١٨٧ .....................................
ف