Publication | INDOHUN INDOHUN News No.4
International on One Health and INDOHUN Annual Meeting
INDOHUN had organized I ter atio al Symposium on One Health and INDOHUN Annual Meeti g
in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. It was expected that after attending this workshop, the
participants would be updated with One Health issues and be able to implement One Health
approach on their work environment. The program was held for two days, from October 22nd –
23rd, 2014, featuring keynote speeches, seminar series, as well as oral and poster presentation,
followed by One Health collaborative workshop, leadership training and youth forum. The
participants are professionals, researchers, students, and government stakeholders from faculty
of medicine, public health, veterinary medicine, nursing, biology, and social science in Indonesia.
Altogether, there were around 200 participants come from 31 faculties and 20 universities, 7
government institutions, 3 international organizations, and 1 NGO across Indonesia.
International Symposium
On the first day, welcoming remark was
performed by Sebelas Maret University ‘e tor s
representative and followed by opening speech
conveyed by INDOHUN coordinator, Prof. Wiku
Adisasmito. Next, three keynote speakers
delivered their speech, including Prof. Hassim
Ismail as the Chairman of SEAOHUN (Southeast
Asia One Health University Network), Prof.
Mohd. Hair Bedjo as the Chairman of MYOHUN
(Malaysia One Health University Network), and
Prof. Saul Tzipori as representative of Tufts
University.
Following the keynote speeches, there were two
seminar sessions. The first seminar sessions
discussed about Update on One Health
facilitated by Dr. Denny Widaya Lukman, a
Division Head of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty
of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural
University. This seminar session invited three
prominent speakers which consist of Prof. Agus
Purwadianto as Director General of Disease
Control and Environmental Health, Ministry of
Health Republic of Indonesia, Dr. Pudjiatmoko as
Director of Animal Health, Directorate General of
Livestock and Animal Health Services, and Prof.
Wiku Adisasmito as INDOHUN Coordinator. This
session mainly discussed about the current
situation on zoonotic and infectious disease in
Indonesia, challenges on animal health and
agricultural development in Indonesia as well as
One Health s update and implementation in
Indonesia.
The second seminar sessions was performed within 90
minutes led by Dr. Marc Baril, an international trainer from
Stelerix Strategic Management Inc. This session discussed
about One Health Best Practices and invited three
distinguished speakers including Dr. Rachmat Sentika from
The National Committee of Zoonoses Control, Dr. Phuc Pham
Duc from Center for Public Health and Ecosystem Research,
Hanoi School of Public Health Vietnam, and Prof. Saul Tzipori
from Tufts University. The seminar talked about Indonesia
success story in fighting avian influenza, application of
integrated farming and its relation to improve human, animal
and ecosystem health and a brief introduction of Emerging
Pandemic Threat (EPT) 2 program.
After lunch, six panel of symposiums was held to explore
several strategic issues on One Health namely Co trolli g
infectious & zoonotic diseases , E ergi g and re-emerging
pandemic threats , E iro e tal health & e ology ,
Cli ate change & population health , Beha ior change &
policy ad o a y , and Capa ity building on education &
community ser i e . A total of 44 submitted abstract have
been reviewed and the selected participants conveyed their
research result through 12 oral presentation and 9 poster
presentation.
INDOHUN Annual Meeting
The oral presentation (symposium) was back to
back with INDOHUN Annual Meeting conducted on
separate room near the ballroom. Fifty eight deans
or its representatives from 32 faculties and 21
universities across Indonesia were attended the
INDOHUN Annual Meeting, including Universitas
Indonesia, Bogor Agricultural University, Gadjah
Mada University, Airlangga University, Andalas
University, Brawijaya University, Cendrawasih
University, Diponegoro University,
Hassanudin University, Sriwijaya University, Mulawarman University, North Sumatera University, Nusa
Cendana University, Prof. Buya Hamka University, Sam Ratulangi University, Sebelas Maret University,
University of Mataram, Padjajaran University, University of West Nusa Tenggara, Syiah Kuala University,
and Udayana University. The 2014 INDOHUN Annual Meeting discussed INDOHUN by laws, strategic plan,
and sign of agreement between university to strengthen their network and INDOHUN governance. It is
hoped through this annual program an established national agenda of INDOHUN priority programs were
developed to accelerate the improvement of human, animal and environment health in Indonesia.
On the second day, the participants are divided into two outstanding
orkshops, a ely O e Health Colla orati e Workshop a d
Leadership Trai i g a d O e Health Youth Foru .
One Health Workshop
One Health Collaborative Workshop engaged professionals, researchers, and government stakeholders to
develop a winning proposal and build successful collaboration. This workshop led by Prof. Saul Tzipori from
Tufts University, Dr. Katey Pelican from University of Minnesota and Prof. Amin Soebandrio from The National
Committee of Zoonoses Control. In the beginning of workshop, Prof. Saul explained about how to write a good
research proposal and followed by Dr. Katey who explained about how to make a winning project proposal.
Next, Ms. Kaylee described four potential call for
proposals which offers up to USD 2.5 million for
four years project. The participants are divided
into six groups with their main research or project
interest. After 1,5 hour working group discussion,
each group presented their brief research/project
proposal and received feedbacks from the
speakers. It is expected that by attending the
workshop, all participants are endorsed to create
an innovative, creative and collaborative
proposals which may be granted by the
prospective donors.
Leadership and Youth Forum
Leadership Training and One Health Youth Forum engaged 63 students and young professionals to
further discuss global health and zoonotic disease as well as develop their leadership skills. This
workshop led by Dr. Marc Baril from Stelerix Strategic Management Inc and facilitated by 4 Global
Health True Leader Fellows. At the beginning of workshop, participants were divided into several
groups across faculties, universities, and background. It was expected that they could create a positive
collaboration by combining their best potential and expertise. After short introduction between
groups, drh. Andri Jatikusumah explained about Glo al Health, Global Issues and Challe ges then
followed by a Jeopardy Quiz. Next, Dr. Marc Baril delivered modules on Be o i g a True Leaders to
underlying the concept of leadership, including value, beliefs and ethic, help understanding ethical
aspect of leadership, association between morality and leadership as well as help determining
parti ipa t s life values, vision and mission in order to be true leaders. The next module conveyed was
Interpersonnal “kills to improve parti ipa t s interpersonal skills which were needed for One Health
communication, to work multi-disciplinarily and cross-sectorally to solve complex problem and
enhanced parti ipa t s presentation skills and public speaking. By the end of the day, participants were
exposed on how to build networks, partnership and collaboration in order to solve the global health
challenges. This session was closed by performing the marshmallow exercise which found as the most
interesting part of the workshop. Participants were trained to reach an objective by working together.
Value of the event
The i for atio the ethods to
collaborate human, animal, and
e iro e t reati g etter life
The sy posiu
a aged so ell, the
speakers so informative and so competent
a out the topi , the aterial are good
The speakers are professio als a d ery
well about their subject, the place is
convenient, the variety of food, and all the
fa ilities are ery good
Participants acknowledge that the ISOOH 2014 is the right place to develop new opportunities in
collaboration with other people across the world and increase their leadership skills. They were enlightened
that One Health approach is a proper approach in tackling emerging and reemerging disease so they are
willing to implement it in their work environment.
Many participants admitted that the event was attractive, however they suggested that it would be great if
the duration of symposium and workshop were extended as they claim this event was useful for them.
Moreover, the participants were delighted about the workshop content which provides the information
regarding how to write a winning proposal and list of do or s requirements. Besides, this symposium and
workshop equip the participants with the knowledge and skill on collaboration and working with
multidisciplinary knowledge. Most of the participants were very exciting about the event and topics. They are
expecting to have this event annually as well as there will be another related event following up the ISOOH
2014. However, the participants claimed that game session and outdoor activities need to be increased.
EBOLA
Host: fruit bat, primate (apes and monkey)
The 2014 Ebola epidemic is the largest in history and is affecting multiple countries. The first
outbreak in West Africa. This outbreak is the first Ebola epidemic the world has ever known.
1 in 2 people who get Ebola have died. 4.960 persons deaths probable, confirmed and
suspected in West Africa, includes one death in US and one in Mali.
Ebola is a serious infectious illness which often proves fatal. The virus, which is thought to have
originated in fruit bats, was first detected in 1976 in an outbreak near the Ebola River in what
is now the Democratic Republic of Congo.
How do you get the Ebola virus?
Direct contact with:
1.
Body fluids (blood, vomit, pee, poop, sweat,
semen, spit, other fluids) of a person who is
sick with of died from Ebola
2.
Objects contaminated with the virus
(needles, medical equipment)
3.
Infected animals (by contact with blood or
fluids or infected meat)
Early symptoms:
Fever, Headache, Fatigue, Diarrhea, Vomiting,
Stomach pain, Unexplained bleeding or bruising,
Muscle pain, Weakness, Abdominal (stomach) pain
Ebola can only be spread to others after symptoms
begin. Symptoms can appear from 2 to 21 days
after exposure, but average is 8 to 10 days.
Ebola is not spread through the air and water.
Recovery from Ebola depends on good supportive
clinical care and the patie t s immune response.
People who recover from Ebola infection develop
antibodies that last for at least 10 years.
When is someone able to
spread the disease to
others?
Ebola only spreads when people are
sick. A patient must have symptoms
to spread the disease to others. After
21 days, if an exposed person does
not develop symptoms, they will not
become sick with Ebola.
Countries with cases of Ebola
If you travel to or are in an area affected
by an Ebola outbreak, make sure to do the
following:
Healthcare workers who may be
exposed to people with Ebola
should follow these steps:
Practice careful hygiene. For example,
wash your hands with soap and water
or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer and
avoid contact with blood and body
fluids.
Do not handle items that may have
come in contact with an infected
perso s blood or body fluids (such as
clothes, bedding, needles, and medical
equipment).
Avoid funeral or burial rituals that
require handling the body of someone
who has died from Ebola.
Avoid contact with bats and nonhuman
primates or blood, fluids, and raw
meat prepared from these animals.
Avoid facilities in West Africa where
Ebola patients are being treated. The
U.S. embassy or consulate is often able
to provide advice on facilities.
After you return, monitor your health
for 21 days and seek medical care
immediately if you develop symptoms
of Ebola.
Wear appropriate personal
protective equipment (PPE).
Practice
proper
infection
control
and
sterilization
measures.
For
more
information, see Information for
Healthcare
Workers
and
Settings.
Isolate patients with Ebola from
other patients.
Avoid
direct,
unprotected
contact with the bodies of
people who have died from
Ebola.
Notify health officials if you
have had direct contact with
the blood or body fluids, such as
but not limited to, feces, saliva,
urine, vomit, and semen of a
person who is sick with Ebola.
The virus can enter the body
through
broken
skin
or
unprotected
mucous
membranes in, for example, the
eyes, nose, or mouth.
The equipment includes
waterproof overalls, gloves,
medical face masks and
goggles. All parts of the
clothing must be completely
impermeable since Ebola is
spread in bodily fluids such as
sweat, urine and blood.
How is Ebola being treated on the ground?
Source: WHO, CDC, BBC World News
Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever (Marburg HF)
Marburg hemorrhagic fever (Marburg HF) is a
rare but severe hemorrhagic fever which
affects both humans and non-human
primates. Marburg HF is caused by Marburg
virus, a genetically unique zoonotic (or,
animal-borne) RNA virus of the filovirus
family. The five species of Ebola virus are the
only other known members of the filovirus
family.
Marburg virus was first recognized in 1967,
when outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever
occurred simultaneously in laboratories in
Marburg and Frankfurt, Germany and in
Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia). Thirty-one
people became ill, initially laboratory
workers followed by several medical
personnel and family members who had
cared for them. Seven deaths were reported.
The first people infected had been exposed
to imported African green monkeys or their
tissues while conducting research.
The reservoir host of Marburg virus is the
African fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus.
Signs and Symptoms
After an incubation period of 5-10 days,
symptom onset is sudden and marked by
fever, chills, headache, and myalgia. Around
the fifth day after the onset of symptoms, a
maculopapular rash, most prominent on the
trunk (chest, back, stomach), may occur.
Nausea, vomiting, chest pain, a sore throat,
abdominal pain, and diarrhea may then
appear. Symptoms become increasingly
severe
and
can
include
jaundice,
inflammation of the pancreas, severe weight
loss, delirium, shock, liver failure, massive
hemorrhaging, and multi-organ dysfunction.
Fruit bats infected with Marburg virus do
not to show obvious signs of illness.
Primates (including humans) can become
infected with Marburg virus, and may
develop serious disease with high mortality.
Marburg HF typically appears in sporadic
outbreaks throughout Africa; laboratory
confirmed cases have been reported in
Uganda, Zimbabwe, the Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Angola, and
South Africa. Many of the outbreaks started
with male mine workers working in batinfested mines.
Cases of Marburg HF have occurred outside
Africa, such as during the 1967 outbreak, but
are infrequent. In 2008, a Dutch tourist
developed Marburg HF after returning to the
Netherlands from Uganda, and subsequently
died. Also in 2008, an American traveler
developed Marburg HF after returning to the
US from Uganda and recovered. Both
travelers had visited a well-known cave
inhabited by fruit bats in a national park.
2014 Outbreaks
On October 6, 2014, the Ministry of
Health (MoH) of Uganda reported a
single confirmed, fatal case of Marburg
hemorrhagic fever (MHF). The patient was
treated in Mengo Hospital in Kampala.
Investigations of contacts are ongoing and
testing of suspect cases is being conducted
at the Uganda Virus Research Institute with
support from CDC.
Source: CDC
UNMEER
The first-ever UN emergency health mission, the UN Mission for Ebola Emergency Response
(UNMEER) is being set up in response to the unprecedented outbreak. The Mission will be
temporary and will respond to immediate needs related to the fight against Ebola.
Rapid action
Under the strategic guidance of the SG's
Special Envoy, David Nabarro, and the
operational direction of the SG's Special
Representative, Anthony Banbury, the mission
will harness the capabilities and competencies
of all the relevant United Nations actors under
a unified operational structure to reinforce
unity of purpose, effective ground-level
leadership and operational direction, in order
to ensure a rapid, effective, efficient and
coherent response to the crisis. The singular
strategic objective and purpose of the Mission
will be to work with others to stop the Ebola
outbreak. To achieve this, the strategic
priorities of the Mission will be to stop the
spread of the disease, treat the infected,
ensure essential services, preserve stability and
prevent the spread to countries currently
unaffected. Advance teams were immediately
deployed to Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone as
well as to the mission headquarters in Ghana.
In partnership
UNMEER will work closely with governments
and national structures in the affected
countries, regional and international actors,
such as the African Union (AU) and the
Economic Community of West African States
(ECOWAS), and with Member States, the
private sector and civil society.
Uniting expertise
The World Health Organization (WHO) will
be responsible for overall health strategy
and advice within the Mission, while other
UN agencies will act in their area of
expertise under the overall leadership and
direction of a single Head of Mission. The
Mission will leverage the existing presence
and expertise of UN country teams,
international partners including NGOs on
the ground to minimize gaps and ensure
leadership.
UNMEER Ebola Operational Site
The UNMEER Ebola Operational Site in English and in French is designed to share
documents among all responders to the Ebola crisis. The site is a one-stop-shop for
information on the response of each actor by their area of action. It brings contact lists, 3w
lists, infographics, maps and other tools to one spot, and is designed to allow a variety of
actors to participate in the management of documents.
Source: United Nations
BEWARE!
Copyright. INDOHUN
www.indo-oh.university.net
@indohun
indohun.ohun
INDOHUN had organized I ter atio al Symposium on One Health and INDOHUN Annual Meeti g
in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. It was expected that after attending this workshop, the
participants would be updated with One Health issues and be able to implement One Health
approach on their work environment. The program was held for two days, from October 22nd –
23rd, 2014, featuring keynote speeches, seminar series, as well as oral and poster presentation,
followed by One Health collaborative workshop, leadership training and youth forum. The
participants are professionals, researchers, students, and government stakeholders from faculty
of medicine, public health, veterinary medicine, nursing, biology, and social science in Indonesia.
Altogether, there were around 200 participants come from 31 faculties and 20 universities, 7
government institutions, 3 international organizations, and 1 NGO across Indonesia.
International Symposium
On the first day, welcoming remark was
performed by Sebelas Maret University ‘e tor s
representative and followed by opening speech
conveyed by INDOHUN coordinator, Prof. Wiku
Adisasmito. Next, three keynote speakers
delivered their speech, including Prof. Hassim
Ismail as the Chairman of SEAOHUN (Southeast
Asia One Health University Network), Prof.
Mohd. Hair Bedjo as the Chairman of MYOHUN
(Malaysia One Health University Network), and
Prof. Saul Tzipori as representative of Tufts
University.
Following the keynote speeches, there were two
seminar sessions. The first seminar sessions
discussed about Update on One Health
facilitated by Dr. Denny Widaya Lukman, a
Division Head of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty
of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural
University. This seminar session invited three
prominent speakers which consist of Prof. Agus
Purwadianto as Director General of Disease
Control and Environmental Health, Ministry of
Health Republic of Indonesia, Dr. Pudjiatmoko as
Director of Animal Health, Directorate General of
Livestock and Animal Health Services, and Prof.
Wiku Adisasmito as INDOHUN Coordinator. This
session mainly discussed about the current
situation on zoonotic and infectious disease in
Indonesia, challenges on animal health and
agricultural development in Indonesia as well as
One Health s update and implementation in
Indonesia.
The second seminar sessions was performed within 90
minutes led by Dr. Marc Baril, an international trainer from
Stelerix Strategic Management Inc. This session discussed
about One Health Best Practices and invited three
distinguished speakers including Dr. Rachmat Sentika from
The National Committee of Zoonoses Control, Dr. Phuc Pham
Duc from Center for Public Health and Ecosystem Research,
Hanoi School of Public Health Vietnam, and Prof. Saul Tzipori
from Tufts University. The seminar talked about Indonesia
success story in fighting avian influenza, application of
integrated farming and its relation to improve human, animal
and ecosystem health and a brief introduction of Emerging
Pandemic Threat (EPT) 2 program.
After lunch, six panel of symposiums was held to explore
several strategic issues on One Health namely Co trolli g
infectious & zoonotic diseases , E ergi g and re-emerging
pandemic threats , E iro e tal health & e ology ,
Cli ate change & population health , Beha ior change &
policy ad o a y , and Capa ity building on education &
community ser i e . A total of 44 submitted abstract have
been reviewed and the selected participants conveyed their
research result through 12 oral presentation and 9 poster
presentation.
INDOHUN Annual Meeting
The oral presentation (symposium) was back to
back with INDOHUN Annual Meeting conducted on
separate room near the ballroom. Fifty eight deans
or its representatives from 32 faculties and 21
universities across Indonesia were attended the
INDOHUN Annual Meeting, including Universitas
Indonesia, Bogor Agricultural University, Gadjah
Mada University, Airlangga University, Andalas
University, Brawijaya University, Cendrawasih
University, Diponegoro University,
Hassanudin University, Sriwijaya University, Mulawarman University, North Sumatera University, Nusa
Cendana University, Prof. Buya Hamka University, Sam Ratulangi University, Sebelas Maret University,
University of Mataram, Padjajaran University, University of West Nusa Tenggara, Syiah Kuala University,
and Udayana University. The 2014 INDOHUN Annual Meeting discussed INDOHUN by laws, strategic plan,
and sign of agreement between university to strengthen their network and INDOHUN governance. It is
hoped through this annual program an established national agenda of INDOHUN priority programs were
developed to accelerate the improvement of human, animal and environment health in Indonesia.
On the second day, the participants are divided into two outstanding
orkshops, a ely O e Health Colla orati e Workshop a d
Leadership Trai i g a d O e Health Youth Foru .
One Health Workshop
One Health Collaborative Workshop engaged professionals, researchers, and government stakeholders to
develop a winning proposal and build successful collaboration. This workshop led by Prof. Saul Tzipori from
Tufts University, Dr. Katey Pelican from University of Minnesota and Prof. Amin Soebandrio from The National
Committee of Zoonoses Control. In the beginning of workshop, Prof. Saul explained about how to write a good
research proposal and followed by Dr. Katey who explained about how to make a winning project proposal.
Next, Ms. Kaylee described four potential call for
proposals which offers up to USD 2.5 million for
four years project. The participants are divided
into six groups with their main research or project
interest. After 1,5 hour working group discussion,
each group presented their brief research/project
proposal and received feedbacks from the
speakers. It is expected that by attending the
workshop, all participants are endorsed to create
an innovative, creative and collaborative
proposals which may be granted by the
prospective donors.
Leadership and Youth Forum
Leadership Training and One Health Youth Forum engaged 63 students and young professionals to
further discuss global health and zoonotic disease as well as develop their leadership skills. This
workshop led by Dr. Marc Baril from Stelerix Strategic Management Inc and facilitated by 4 Global
Health True Leader Fellows. At the beginning of workshop, participants were divided into several
groups across faculties, universities, and background. It was expected that they could create a positive
collaboration by combining their best potential and expertise. After short introduction between
groups, drh. Andri Jatikusumah explained about Glo al Health, Global Issues and Challe ges then
followed by a Jeopardy Quiz. Next, Dr. Marc Baril delivered modules on Be o i g a True Leaders to
underlying the concept of leadership, including value, beliefs and ethic, help understanding ethical
aspect of leadership, association between morality and leadership as well as help determining
parti ipa t s life values, vision and mission in order to be true leaders. The next module conveyed was
Interpersonnal “kills to improve parti ipa t s interpersonal skills which were needed for One Health
communication, to work multi-disciplinarily and cross-sectorally to solve complex problem and
enhanced parti ipa t s presentation skills and public speaking. By the end of the day, participants were
exposed on how to build networks, partnership and collaboration in order to solve the global health
challenges. This session was closed by performing the marshmallow exercise which found as the most
interesting part of the workshop. Participants were trained to reach an objective by working together.
Value of the event
The i for atio the ethods to
collaborate human, animal, and
e iro e t reati g etter life
The sy posiu
a aged so ell, the
speakers so informative and so competent
a out the topi , the aterial are good
The speakers are professio als a d ery
well about their subject, the place is
convenient, the variety of food, and all the
fa ilities are ery good
Participants acknowledge that the ISOOH 2014 is the right place to develop new opportunities in
collaboration with other people across the world and increase their leadership skills. They were enlightened
that One Health approach is a proper approach in tackling emerging and reemerging disease so they are
willing to implement it in their work environment.
Many participants admitted that the event was attractive, however they suggested that it would be great if
the duration of symposium and workshop were extended as they claim this event was useful for them.
Moreover, the participants were delighted about the workshop content which provides the information
regarding how to write a winning proposal and list of do or s requirements. Besides, this symposium and
workshop equip the participants with the knowledge and skill on collaboration and working with
multidisciplinary knowledge. Most of the participants were very exciting about the event and topics. They are
expecting to have this event annually as well as there will be another related event following up the ISOOH
2014. However, the participants claimed that game session and outdoor activities need to be increased.
EBOLA
Host: fruit bat, primate (apes and monkey)
The 2014 Ebola epidemic is the largest in history and is affecting multiple countries. The first
outbreak in West Africa. This outbreak is the first Ebola epidemic the world has ever known.
1 in 2 people who get Ebola have died. 4.960 persons deaths probable, confirmed and
suspected in West Africa, includes one death in US and one in Mali.
Ebola is a serious infectious illness which often proves fatal. The virus, which is thought to have
originated in fruit bats, was first detected in 1976 in an outbreak near the Ebola River in what
is now the Democratic Republic of Congo.
How do you get the Ebola virus?
Direct contact with:
1.
Body fluids (blood, vomit, pee, poop, sweat,
semen, spit, other fluids) of a person who is
sick with of died from Ebola
2.
Objects contaminated with the virus
(needles, medical equipment)
3.
Infected animals (by contact with blood or
fluids or infected meat)
Early symptoms:
Fever, Headache, Fatigue, Diarrhea, Vomiting,
Stomach pain, Unexplained bleeding or bruising,
Muscle pain, Weakness, Abdominal (stomach) pain
Ebola can only be spread to others after symptoms
begin. Symptoms can appear from 2 to 21 days
after exposure, but average is 8 to 10 days.
Ebola is not spread through the air and water.
Recovery from Ebola depends on good supportive
clinical care and the patie t s immune response.
People who recover from Ebola infection develop
antibodies that last for at least 10 years.
When is someone able to
spread the disease to
others?
Ebola only spreads when people are
sick. A patient must have symptoms
to spread the disease to others. After
21 days, if an exposed person does
not develop symptoms, they will not
become sick with Ebola.
Countries with cases of Ebola
If you travel to or are in an area affected
by an Ebola outbreak, make sure to do the
following:
Healthcare workers who may be
exposed to people with Ebola
should follow these steps:
Practice careful hygiene. For example,
wash your hands with soap and water
or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer and
avoid contact with blood and body
fluids.
Do not handle items that may have
come in contact with an infected
perso s blood or body fluids (such as
clothes, bedding, needles, and medical
equipment).
Avoid funeral or burial rituals that
require handling the body of someone
who has died from Ebola.
Avoid contact with bats and nonhuman
primates or blood, fluids, and raw
meat prepared from these animals.
Avoid facilities in West Africa where
Ebola patients are being treated. The
U.S. embassy or consulate is often able
to provide advice on facilities.
After you return, monitor your health
for 21 days and seek medical care
immediately if you develop symptoms
of Ebola.
Wear appropriate personal
protective equipment (PPE).
Practice
proper
infection
control
and
sterilization
measures.
For
more
information, see Information for
Healthcare
Workers
and
Settings.
Isolate patients with Ebola from
other patients.
Avoid
direct,
unprotected
contact with the bodies of
people who have died from
Ebola.
Notify health officials if you
have had direct contact with
the blood or body fluids, such as
but not limited to, feces, saliva,
urine, vomit, and semen of a
person who is sick with Ebola.
The virus can enter the body
through
broken
skin
or
unprotected
mucous
membranes in, for example, the
eyes, nose, or mouth.
The equipment includes
waterproof overalls, gloves,
medical face masks and
goggles. All parts of the
clothing must be completely
impermeable since Ebola is
spread in bodily fluids such as
sweat, urine and blood.
How is Ebola being treated on the ground?
Source: WHO, CDC, BBC World News
Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever (Marburg HF)
Marburg hemorrhagic fever (Marburg HF) is a
rare but severe hemorrhagic fever which
affects both humans and non-human
primates. Marburg HF is caused by Marburg
virus, a genetically unique zoonotic (or,
animal-borne) RNA virus of the filovirus
family. The five species of Ebola virus are the
only other known members of the filovirus
family.
Marburg virus was first recognized in 1967,
when outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever
occurred simultaneously in laboratories in
Marburg and Frankfurt, Germany and in
Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia). Thirty-one
people became ill, initially laboratory
workers followed by several medical
personnel and family members who had
cared for them. Seven deaths were reported.
The first people infected had been exposed
to imported African green monkeys or their
tissues while conducting research.
The reservoir host of Marburg virus is the
African fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus.
Signs and Symptoms
After an incubation period of 5-10 days,
symptom onset is sudden and marked by
fever, chills, headache, and myalgia. Around
the fifth day after the onset of symptoms, a
maculopapular rash, most prominent on the
trunk (chest, back, stomach), may occur.
Nausea, vomiting, chest pain, a sore throat,
abdominal pain, and diarrhea may then
appear. Symptoms become increasingly
severe
and
can
include
jaundice,
inflammation of the pancreas, severe weight
loss, delirium, shock, liver failure, massive
hemorrhaging, and multi-organ dysfunction.
Fruit bats infected with Marburg virus do
not to show obvious signs of illness.
Primates (including humans) can become
infected with Marburg virus, and may
develop serious disease with high mortality.
Marburg HF typically appears in sporadic
outbreaks throughout Africa; laboratory
confirmed cases have been reported in
Uganda, Zimbabwe, the Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Angola, and
South Africa. Many of the outbreaks started
with male mine workers working in batinfested mines.
Cases of Marburg HF have occurred outside
Africa, such as during the 1967 outbreak, but
are infrequent. In 2008, a Dutch tourist
developed Marburg HF after returning to the
Netherlands from Uganda, and subsequently
died. Also in 2008, an American traveler
developed Marburg HF after returning to the
US from Uganda and recovered. Both
travelers had visited a well-known cave
inhabited by fruit bats in a national park.
2014 Outbreaks
On October 6, 2014, the Ministry of
Health (MoH) of Uganda reported a
single confirmed, fatal case of Marburg
hemorrhagic fever (MHF). The patient was
treated in Mengo Hospital in Kampala.
Investigations of contacts are ongoing and
testing of suspect cases is being conducted
at the Uganda Virus Research Institute with
support from CDC.
Source: CDC
UNMEER
The first-ever UN emergency health mission, the UN Mission for Ebola Emergency Response
(UNMEER) is being set up in response to the unprecedented outbreak. The Mission will be
temporary and will respond to immediate needs related to the fight against Ebola.
Rapid action
Under the strategic guidance of the SG's
Special Envoy, David Nabarro, and the
operational direction of the SG's Special
Representative, Anthony Banbury, the mission
will harness the capabilities and competencies
of all the relevant United Nations actors under
a unified operational structure to reinforce
unity of purpose, effective ground-level
leadership and operational direction, in order
to ensure a rapid, effective, efficient and
coherent response to the crisis. The singular
strategic objective and purpose of the Mission
will be to work with others to stop the Ebola
outbreak. To achieve this, the strategic
priorities of the Mission will be to stop the
spread of the disease, treat the infected,
ensure essential services, preserve stability and
prevent the spread to countries currently
unaffected. Advance teams were immediately
deployed to Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone as
well as to the mission headquarters in Ghana.
In partnership
UNMEER will work closely with governments
and national structures in the affected
countries, regional and international actors,
such as the African Union (AU) and the
Economic Community of West African States
(ECOWAS), and with Member States, the
private sector and civil society.
Uniting expertise
The World Health Organization (WHO) will
be responsible for overall health strategy
and advice within the Mission, while other
UN agencies will act in their area of
expertise under the overall leadership and
direction of a single Head of Mission. The
Mission will leverage the existing presence
and expertise of UN country teams,
international partners including NGOs on
the ground to minimize gaps and ensure
leadership.
UNMEER Ebola Operational Site
The UNMEER Ebola Operational Site in English and in French is designed to share
documents among all responders to the Ebola crisis. The site is a one-stop-shop for
information on the response of each actor by their area of action. It brings contact lists, 3w
lists, infographics, maps and other tools to one spot, and is designed to allow a variety of
actors to participate in the management of documents.
Source: United Nations
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