ANALISIS PEKERJA MANUAL MATERIAL HANDLING (MMH) PRODUCT FINISH GOOD UNTUK MENCEGAH MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS STUDI KASUS PT.MARTINA BERTO, TBK
ANALISIS PEKERJA MANUAL MATERIAL HANDLING (MMH)
PRODUCT FINISH GOOD
UNTUK MENCEGAH MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
STUDI KASUS PT.MARTINA BERTO, TBK
SKRIPSI
OLEH:
MURODI
201410215224
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK INDUSTRI
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS BHAYANGKARA JAKARTA RAYA
2018
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
ABSTRAK
Murodi, 201410215224, “Analisis Pekerja Manual Material Handling
(MMH) Product Finish Good Untuk Mencegah Musculoskeletal Disorders di PT.
Martina Berto, Tbk.”
Aktivitas pemindahan barang secara manual atau manual material handling
(MMH) merupakan suatu aktivitas yang menggunakan langsung tenaga manusia
tanpa tenaga mesin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keluhankeluhan dari operator pekerja manual material handling di PT. Martina Berto,
Tbk. dan untuk membuat dan merencanakan usulan cara menanggulangi resiko
MSDs (Musculoskeletal Disorders) dengan pendekatan RWL (Recomeded Weight
Limit). Data didapat dari 10 operator manual material handling pemindahan
pallet dengan pengisian kuisoner nordic body map dan wawancara langsung.
Selanjutnya penelitian dilakukan dengan menghitung nilai RWL, LI dan %CVL
denyut nadi 10 operator. Untuk hasil penelitiannya adalah keluhan paling banyak
dirasakan yaitu rasa sakit pada bagian pinggang dengan nilai keluhan sebanyak
34, untuk LI yang didapat dari nilai RWL 10 orang operator ≥ 1, ini menunjukkan
bahwa aktivitas yang dilakukan beresiko tinggi terhadap keluhan MSDs, dan
untuk nilai %CVLnya seluruh operator pemindahan pallet mengalami kelelehan
dengan nilai %CVL 30%-60% yaitu 34%, 35%, 36%, 40%, 41%, 42% (degan 2
operator), 44%, 47% dan 53%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis penelitian aktivitas
operator pemindahan pallet perlu diadakan perbaikan mulai dari ukuran pallet
maupun metode pengangkatan yang baik sesuai SOP.
Kata Kunci : Analisis Manual Material Handling, Keluhan Muskuloskeletal
Disorders (MSDs), Nordic Body Map, Nilai RWL, Nilai LI, Nilai %CVL,
Resiko Tinggi.
v
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
ABSTRACT
Murodi, 201410215224, “Analisis Pekerja Manual Material Handling
(MMH) Product Finish Good Untuk Mencegah Musculoskeletal Disorders di PT.
Martina Berto, Tbk."
Manual or manual material handling (MMH) activity is an activity that uses
direct human power without engine power. The purpose of this research is to
know the complaints from manual operator of material handling workers at PT.
Martina Berto, Tbk. and to create and plan proposed ways to mitigate the risk of
MSDs (Musculoskeletal Disorders) with the RWL (Recomeded Weight Limit)
approach. Data obtained from 10 manual handling material handling pallet
removal by filling the nordic body map questionnaire and direct interview.
Further research is done by calculating the value of RWL, LI and% CVL pulse 10
operators. For the results of the study are the most common complaints of pain in
the waist with a complaint value of 34, for LI obtained from the RWL value of 10
people operators ≥ 1, this indicates that the activities undertaken high risk of
complaints MSDs, and for the value of% CVLnya all pallet displacement
operators were melted with a value of 30% -60% CVL of 34%, 35%, 36%, 40%,
41%, 42% (with 2 carriers), 44%, 47% and 53% respectively. Based on the
results of research analysis pallet removal operator activities need to be made
improvements ranging from pallet size and good lifting method according to SOP.
Keywords: Manual Material Handling Analysis, Complaints
Muskuloskeletal Disorders (MSDs), Nordic Body Map, RWL Value, LI Value,
CVL% Value, High Risk.
vi
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
DAFTAR ISI
JUDUL .................................................................................................................
i
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ............................................................................. ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................ iii
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ................................................................................ iv
ABSTRAK ...........................................................................................................
v
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... vi
LEMBAR PUBLIKASI ..................................................................................... vii
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................ viii
DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... x
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... xiv
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... xv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................... xvi
DAFTAR SINGKATAN .................................................................................... xvii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang .............................................................................................. 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ......................................................................................... 5
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian .......................................................................................... 5
1.4 Batasan Masalah ........................................................................................... 5
1.5 Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................................ 6
1.6 Waktu dan tempat.......................................................................................... 6
1.7 Metode Pelaksanaan ..................................................................................... 6
1.8 Sistematika Penulisan.................................................................................... 7
x
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI .............................................................................. 8
2.1 Pengertian Proses Produksi ........................................................................... 8
2.1.1 Pengertian Proses ................................................................................ 8
2.1.2 Pengertian Produksi ............................................................................. 8
2.2 Pengertian Gudang .................................................................................... . 9
2.3 Tujuan Gudang ............................................................................................ 9
2.3.1 Kebutuhan Produksi ........................................................................... 9
2.3.2 Kebutuhan Pasar ................................................................................ 9
2.4 Manfaat atau Fungsi Gudang ...................................................................... 10
2.5 Manajemen Gudang .................................................................................... 10
2.6 Gudang Finished Good ............................................................................... 11
2.7 Pengertian Ergonomi ................................................................................... 12
2.8 Ruang Lingkup Ergonomi ........................................................................... 13
2.9 Tujuan Ergonomi ......................................................................................... 13
2.10 Prinsip Ergonomi ....................................................................................... 14
2.11 Pemindahan Barang Secara Manual (MMH) ............................................ 14
2.12 Muskuloskeletal Disorders (MSDs) .......................................................... 15
2.12.1 Sakit Punggung (back pain) ............................................................ 15
2.12.2 Nyeri Bahu (shoulder pain) ............................................................. 16
2.12.3 Buristis ............................................................................................ 16
2.12.4 Triger Finger .................................................................................... 16
2.13 Faktor Risiko Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs).................................... 16
2.13.1 Postur Kerja ..................................................................................... 16
2.13.2 Frekuensi ......................................................................................... 17
2.13.3 Beban Angkat .................................................................................. 17
xi
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
2.14 Tindakan Pengandalian ............................................................................ 18
2.15 Nordic Body Map ..................................................................................... 19
2.16 RWL (Recomended Weight Light) ........................................................... 21
2.17 LI (Lifting Index) ...................................................................................... 29
2.18 Pengukuran Denyut Jantung ..................................................................... 30
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ........................................................ 32
3.1 Obyek Penelitian ........................................................................................ 32
3.2 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian .................................................................... 32
3.3 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ......................................................................... 32
3.4 Metode Pengumpulann Data ...................................................................... 33
3.5 Analisis Data .............................................................................................. 34
3.6 Hubungan Nilai LI dan %CVL ................................................................... 34
3.7 Kerangka Berpikir ...................................................................................... 35
BAB IV ANALISIS DATA DAN PEMBAHASAN .......................................... 36
4.1 Data Responden .......................................................................................... 36
4.2 Data Hasil Kuisoner ................................................................................... 37
4.3 Data Hasil Wawancara ............................................................................... 39
4.4 Data Hasil Pengukuran Operator .............................................................. 40
4.4.1 Pengukuran untuk Menghitung Nilai RWL ...................................... 41
4.4.2 Data Pengukuran Denyut Nadi ......................................................... 43
4.5 Pengolahan Data ......................................................................................... 45
4.5.1 Perhitungan Nilai RWL ..................................................................... 45
4.5.2 Perhitungan Nilai LI .......................................................................... 49
4.5.3 Perhitungan Nilai Denyut Nadi %CVL ............................................... 50
4.6 Analisis Hasil ............................................................................................. 53
xii
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
4.7 Hubungan Antara Nilai LI dengan Denyut Nadi %CVL ........................... 55
4.8 Usulan Perbaikan Metode Pengangkatan ................................................... 57
BAB V PENUTUP ............................................................................................... 58
5.1. Kesimpulan................................................................................................. 58
5.2. Saran ........................................................................................................... 58
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... 59
LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................................ 60
xiii
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
xiv
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.1 Rekapitulasi Keluhan Fisik yang Dialami Operator ................................. 4
Tabel 2.1 Batas Beban Mengangkat .........................................................................18
Tabel 2.2 Pengali Horizontal ....................................................................................23
Tabel 2.3 Pengali Vertikal ......................................................................................24
Tabel 2.4 Pengali Jarak ............................................................................................25
Tabel 2.5 Pengali Asimetri ......................................................................................27
Tabel 2.6 Pengali Frekuensi ....................................................................................28
Tabel 2.7 Pengali Pegangan (Coupling) ...................................................................29
Tabel 2.8 Klasifikasi %CVL ....................................................................................31
Tabel 4.1 Data Responden Operator Pemindahan Pallet .........................................36
Tabel 4.2 Hasil Kuisoner NBM Operator ..............................................................37
Tabel 4.3 Data Hasil Wawancara (Rekapan Keluhan) .............................................39
Tabel 4.4 Data Pengukuran untuk Menghitung RWL ..............................................42
Tabel 4.5 Data Denyut Nadi 10 Orang Operator .....................................................43
Tabel 4.6 Nilai – Nilai Variabel dan Nilai RWL Mengangkat Operator ............... 46
Tabel 4.7 Nilai – Nilai Variabel dan Nilai RWL Membawa Operator ................... 47
Tabel 4.8 Tabel Perhitungan LI Mengangkat dan Membawa .................................. 49
Tabel 4.9 Hasil Perhitungan % CVL Setiap Operator ............................................ 51
Tabel 4.10 Klasifikasi %CVL ................................................................................. 53
Tabel 4.11 Tabel Keseluruhan Nilai Operator ........................................................ 54
Tabel 4.12 Hubungan Antara LI dengan %CVL ..................................................... 56
xiv
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1.1 Kegiatan Manual Material Handling .................................................... 3
Gambar 2.1 Nordic Body Map (NBM) ...................................................................20
Gambar 2.2 Gambar posisi tangan (horisontal dan vertikal) ....................................22
Gambar 2.3 Posisi Asimetri Operator .......................................................................26
Gambar 3.1 Alur Proses Penelitian ...........................................................................35
Gambar 4.1 Teknik Pengukuran................................................................................41
Gambar 4.2 Grafik Denyut Nadi Operator ................................................................45
xv
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
LAMPIRAN I Kuisoner Nordic Body Map Dan Wawancara ..................................60
LAMPIRAN II Hasil Rekap Kuisoner Nordic Body Map ........................................63
LAMPIRAN III Data dan Nilai Hasil Pengukuran Operator ...................................64
xvi
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
DAFTAR SINGKATAN
MMH
: Manual Material Handling
MSDs
: Musculoskeletal Disorders
RWL
: Recomended Weight Light
NBM
: Nordic Body Map
LC
: Load Constanta
HM
: Horizontal Multiplier
VM
: Vertikal Multiplier
DM
: Distance Multiplier
AM
: Assimetry Multiplier
FM
: Frequency Multiplier
CM
: Coupling Multiplier
LI
: Lifting Index
ECG
: Electrocardiogram
CVL
: Cardiovascular Load
xvii
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
PRODUCT FINISH GOOD
UNTUK MENCEGAH MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
STUDI KASUS PT.MARTINA BERTO, TBK
SKRIPSI
OLEH:
MURODI
201410215224
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK INDUSTRI
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS BHAYANGKARA JAKARTA RAYA
2018
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
ABSTRAK
Murodi, 201410215224, “Analisis Pekerja Manual Material Handling
(MMH) Product Finish Good Untuk Mencegah Musculoskeletal Disorders di PT.
Martina Berto, Tbk.”
Aktivitas pemindahan barang secara manual atau manual material handling
(MMH) merupakan suatu aktivitas yang menggunakan langsung tenaga manusia
tanpa tenaga mesin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keluhankeluhan dari operator pekerja manual material handling di PT. Martina Berto,
Tbk. dan untuk membuat dan merencanakan usulan cara menanggulangi resiko
MSDs (Musculoskeletal Disorders) dengan pendekatan RWL (Recomeded Weight
Limit). Data didapat dari 10 operator manual material handling pemindahan
pallet dengan pengisian kuisoner nordic body map dan wawancara langsung.
Selanjutnya penelitian dilakukan dengan menghitung nilai RWL, LI dan %CVL
denyut nadi 10 operator. Untuk hasil penelitiannya adalah keluhan paling banyak
dirasakan yaitu rasa sakit pada bagian pinggang dengan nilai keluhan sebanyak
34, untuk LI yang didapat dari nilai RWL 10 orang operator ≥ 1, ini menunjukkan
bahwa aktivitas yang dilakukan beresiko tinggi terhadap keluhan MSDs, dan
untuk nilai %CVLnya seluruh operator pemindahan pallet mengalami kelelehan
dengan nilai %CVL 30%-60% yaitu 34%, 35%, 36%, 40%, 41%, 42% (degan 2
operator), 44%, 47% dan 53%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis penelitian aktivitas
operator pemindahan pallet perlu diadakan perbaikan mulai dari ukuran pallet
maupun metode pengangkatan yang baik sesuai SOP.
Kata Kunci : Analisis Manual Material Handling, Keluhan Muskuloskeletal
Disorders (MSDs), Nordic Body Map, Nilai RWL, Nilai LI, Nilai %CVL,
Resiko Tinggi.
v
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
ABSTRACT
Murodi, 201410215224, “Analisis Pekerja Manual Material Handling
(MMH) Product Finish Good Untuk Mencegah Musculoskeletal Disorders di PT.
Martina Berto, Tbk."
Manual or manual material handling (MMH) activity is an activity that uses
direct human power without engine power. The purpose of this research is to
know the complaints from manual operator of material handling workers at PT.
Martina Berto, Tbk. and to create and plan proposed ways to mitigate the risk of
MSDs (Musculoskeletal Disorders) with the RWL (Recomeded Weight Limit)
approach. Data obtained from 10 manual handling material handling pallet
removal by filling the nordic body map questionnaire and direct interview.
Further research is done by calculating the value of RWL, LI and% CVL pulse 10
operators. For the results of the study are the most common complaints of pain in
the waist with a complaint value of 34, for LI obtained from the RWL value of 10
people operators ≥ 1, this indicates that the activities undertaken high risk of
complaints MSDs, and for the value of% CVLnya all pallet displacement
operators were melted with a value of 30% -60% CVL of 34%, 35%, 36%, 40%,
41%, 42% (with 2 carriers), 44%, 47% and 53% respectively. Based on the
results of research analysis pallet removal operator activities need to be made
improvements ranging from pallet size and good lifting method according to SOP.
Keywords: Manual Material Handling Analysis, Complaints
Muskuloskeletal Disorders (MSDs), Nordic Body Map, RWL Value, LI Value,
CVL% Value, High Risk.
vi
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
DAFTAR ISI
JUDUL .................................................................................................................
i
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ............................................................................. ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................ iii
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ................................................................................ iv
ABSTRAK ...........................................................................................................
v
ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... vi
LEMBAR PUBLIKASI ..................................................................................... vii
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................ viii
DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... x
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... xiv
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... xv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................... xvi
DAFTAR SINGKATAN .................................................................................... xvii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang .............................................................................................. 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ......................................................................................... 5
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian .......................................................................................... 5
1.4 Batasan Masalah ........................................................................................... 5
1.5 Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................................ 6
1.6 Waktu dan tempat.......................................................................................... 6
1.7 Metode Pelaksanaan ..................................................................................... 6
1.8 Sistematika Penulisan.................................................................................... 7
x
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI .............................................................................. 8
2.1 Pengertian Proses Produksi ........................................................................... 8
2.1.1 Pengertian Proses ................................................................................ 8
2.1.2 Pengertian Produksi ............................................................................. 8
2.2 Pengertian Gudang .................................................................................... . 9
2.3 Tujuan Gudang ............................................................................................ 9
2.3.1 Kebutuhan Produksi ........................................................................... 9
2.3.2 Kebutuhan Pasar ................................................................................ 9
2.4 Manfaat atau Fungsi Gudang ...................................................................... 10
2.5 Manajemen Gudang .................................................................................... 10
2.6 Gudang Finished Good ............................................................................... 11
2.7 Pengertian Ergonomi ................................................................................... 12
2.8 Ruang Lingkup Ergonomi ........................................................................... 13
2.9 Tujuan Ergonomi ......................................................................................... 13
2.10 Prinsip Ergonomi ....................................................................................... 14
2.11 Pemindahan Barang Secara Manual (MMH) ............................................ 14
2.12 Muskuloskeletal Disorders (MSDs) .......................................................... 15
2.12.1 Sakit Punggung (back pain) ............................................................ 15
2.12.2 Nyeri Bahu (shoulder pain) ............................................................. 16
2.12.3 Buristis ............................................................................................ 16
2.12.4 Triger Finger .................................................................................... 16
2.13 Faktor Risiko Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs).................................... 16
2.13.1 Postur Kerja ..................................................................................... 16
2.13.2 Frekuensi ......................................................................................... 17
2.13.3 Beban Angkat .................................................................................. 17
xi
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
2.14 Tindakan Pengandalian ............................................................................ 18
2.15 Nordic Body Map ..................................................................................... 19
2.16 RWL (Recomended Weight Light) ........................................................... 21
2.17 LI (Lifting Index) ...................................................................................... 29
2.18 Pengukuran Denyut Jantung ..................................................................... 30
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ........................................................ 32
3.1 Obyek Penelitian ........................................................................................ 32
3.2 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian .................................................................... 32
3.3 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ......................................................................... 32
3.4 Metode Pengumpulann Data ...................................................................... 33
3.5 Analisis Data .............................................................................................. 34
3.6 Hubungan Nilai LI dan %CVL ................................................................... 34
3.7 Kerangka Berpikir ...................................................................................... 35
BAB IV ANALISIS DATA DAN PEMBAHASAN .......................................... 36
4.1 Data Responden .......................................................................................... 36
4.2 Data Hasil Kuisoner ................................................................................... 37
4.3 Data Hasil Wawancara ............................................................................... 39
4.4 Data Hasil Pengukuran Operator .............................................................. 40
4.4.1 Pengukuran untuk Menghitung Nilai RWL ...................................... 41
4.4.2 Data Pengukuran Denyut Nadi ......................................................... 43
4.5 Pengolahan Data ......................................................................................... 45
4.5.1 Perhitungan Nilai RWL ..................................................................... 45
4.5.2 Perhitungan Nilai LI .......................................................................... 49
4.5.3 Perhitungan Nilai Denyut Nadi %CVL ............................................... 50
4.6 Analisis Hasil ............................................................................................. 53
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Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
4.7 Hubungan Antara Nilai LI dengan Denyut Nadi %CVL ........................... 55
4.8 Usulan Perbaikan Metode Pengangkatan ................................................... 57
BAB V PENUTUP ............................................................................................... 58
5.1. Kesimpulan................................................................................................. 58
5.2. Saran ........................................................................................................... 58
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... 59
LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................................ 60
xiii
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
xiv
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.1 Rekapitulasi Keluhan Fisik yang Dialami Operator ................................. 4
Tabel 2.1 Batas Beban Mengangkat .........................................................................18
Tabel 2.2 Pengali Horizontal ....................................................................................23
Tabel 2.3 Pengali Vertikal ......................................................................................24
Tabel 2.4 Pengali Jarak ............................................................................................25
Tabel 2.5 Pengali Asimetri ......................................................................................27
Tabel 2.6 Pengali Frekuensi ....................................................................................28
Tabel 2.7 Pengali Pegangan (Coupling) ...................................................................29
Tabel 2.8 Klasifikasi %CVL ....................................................................................31
Tabel 4.1 Data Responden Operator Pemindahan Pallet .........................................36
Tabel 4.2 Hasil Kuisoner NBM Operator ..............................................................37
Tabel 4.3 Data Hasil Wawancara (Rekapan Keluhan) .............................................39
Tabel 4.4 Data Pengukuran untuk Menghitung RWL ..............................................42
Tabel 4.5 Data Denyut Nadi 10 Orang Operator .....................................................43
Tabel 4.6 Nilai – Nilai Variabel dan Nilai RWL Mengangkat Operator ............... 46
Tabel 4.7 Nilai – Nilai Variabel dan Nilai RWL Membawa Operator ................... 47
Tabel 4.8 Tabel Perhitungan LI Mengangkat dan Membawa .................................. 49
Tabel 4.9 Hasil Perhitungan % CVL Setiap Operator ............................................ 51
Tabel 4.10 Klasifikasi %CVL ................................................................................. 53
Tabel 4.11 Tabel Keseluruhan Nilai Operator ........................................................ 54
Tabel 4.12 Hubungan Antara LI dengan %CVL ..................................................... 56
xiv
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1.1 Kegiatan Manual Material Handling .................................................... 3
Gambar 2.1 Nordic Body Map (NBM) ...................................................................20
Gambar 2.2 Gambar posisi tangan (horisontal dan vertikal) ....................................22
Gambar 2.3 Posisi Asimetri Operator .......................................................................26
Gambar 3.1 Alur Proses Penelitian ...........................................................................35
Gambar 4.1 Teknik Pengukuran................................................................................41
Gambar 4.2 Grafik Denyut Nadi Operator ................................................................45
xv
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
LAMPIRAN I Kuisoner Nordic Body Map Dan Wawancara ..................................60
LAMPIRAN II Hasil Rekap Kuisoner Nordic Body Map ........................................63
LAMPIRAN III Data dan Nilai Hasil Pengukuran Operator ...................................64
xvi
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018
DAFTAR SINGKATAN
MMH
: Manual Material Handling
MSDs
: Musculoskeletal Disorders
RWL
: Recomended Weight Light
NBM
: Nordic Body Map
LC
: Load Constanta
HM
: Horizontal Multiplier
VM
: Vertikal Multiplier
DM
: Distance Multiplier
AM
: Assimetry Multiplier
FM
: Frequency Multiplier
CM
: Coupling Multiplier
LI
: Lifting Index
ECG
: Electrocardiogram
CVL
: Cardiovascular Load
xvii
Analisis Pekerja..., Murodi, Fakultas Teknik 2018