T PE 1009689 Table 0f content

DAFTAR ISI

ABSTRAK .....................................................................................................................

i

KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................................

ii

DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................................

iii

DAFTAR TABEL ..........................................................................................................

iv

DAFTAR GAMBAR . .....................................................................................................

v


BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...............................................................................................

1

1.1 Latar Belakang .............................................................................................

1

1.2 Perumusan Masalah .....................................................................................

20

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian .........................................................................................

21

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ......................................................................................

23


BAB II TINJAUAN TEORITIS DAN KERANGKA PEMIKIRAN .................... ..

24

2.1 Tinjauan Teoritis ......................................................................................................

24

2.1.1 Kinerja ........................................................................................................

24

2.1.1.1 Tujuan Sistem Pengukuran Kinerja ......................................................

25

2.1.1.2 Manfaat Pengukuran Kinerja ................................................................

26


2.1.1.3 Informasi yang Digunakan untuk Pengukuran Kinerja
1) Informasi Finansial ............................................................................

26

2) Informasi Nonfinansial ......................................................................

27

2.1.1.4 Peranan Indikator Kinerja
dalam Pengukuran Kinerja ....................................................................

28

2.1.1.5 Pengukuran Kinerja pada Institusi Perguruan Tinggi ...........................

29

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2.1.2 Balance Scorecard ...............................................................................................

32

2.1.3 Aplikasi Balanced Scorecard di Perguruan Tinggi ................................................

47

2.1.3.1 Perspektif Pelanggan di Perguruan Tinggi
dalam Balanced Scorecard ...................................................................

48

2.1.3.2 Perspektif Keuangan di Perguruan Tinggi
dalam Balanced Scorecard ....................................................................


50

2.1.3.3 Perspektif Proses Internal di Perguruan Tinggi
dalam Balanced Scorecard ....................................................................

52

2..1.3.4 Perspektif Pembelajaran dan Pertumbuhan
di Perguruan Tinggi ..............................................................................

53

2.1.4 Human Resources Scorecard ................................................................................

54

2.1.4.1 Pengertian Human Resources Scorecard

.............................................


54

2.1.4.2 Mengukur Kinerja Berdasarkan Human Resources Scorecard ............

56

2.1.4.3 Mengintegrasikan SDM ke dalam Sistem Pengukuran Kinerja ............

66

2.1.4.4 Tujuh Model Langkah Penerapan Peran HR Strategis .........................

68

2.1.4.5 Manfaat Human Resources Scorecard ..................................................

72

2.1.4.6 Tantangan Sumber Daya Manusia dan Strategi


..................................

73

2.1.5 Human Resources Accounting .......................... ...................................................

80

2.1.5.1 Definisi Akuntansi Sumber Daya Manusia (ASDM) .............................

80

2.1.5.2 Sumber Daya Manusia Sebagai Suatu Aktiva (Human Asset)...............

83

2.1.5.3 Ruang Lingkup Akuntansi Sumber Daya Manusia ................................

84


2.1.5.4 Tujuan Penerapan Akuntansi Sumber Daya Manusia ............................

85

Jaenudin , 2014
Integrasi human resources scorecard dan human resources accounting pada kinerja perguruan tinggi (studi
pengembangan konsep pada Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

2.1.5.5 Metode Pengukuran Nilai Sumber Daya Manusia.................................

87

2.1.5.6 Mengukur Biaya Sumber Daya Manusia.................................................

89

2.1.5.7 Pelaporan Akuntansi Sumber Daya Manusia..........................................

91


2.1.5.8 Kendala Penerapan Akuntansi Sumber Daya Manusia ..........................

93

2.2 Kerangka Pemikiran..................................................................................................

96

2.3 Hipotesis ..................................................................................................................

109

BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ......................................................................

111

3.1

Metode Penelitian..................................................................................................


111

3.1.1

Pendekatan penelitian................................................................................

111

3.1.2

Langkah-langkah penelitian ...................................................................

112

3.2 Variabel Penelitian .................................................................................................

116

3.3 Populasi dan sampel..................................................................................................


116

3.4 Teknik Pengumpulan Data........................................................................................

116

3.5 Teknik analisis data dan kriteria dan pengambilan keputusan..................................

118

3.6 Rancangan pengujian hipotesis.................................................................................

120

3.7 Pemilihan Tes Statistik dan Perhitungan Nilai Tes Statistik .................................

121

BAB IV PEMBAHASAN...............................................................................................

122

4.1 Gambaran Umum Objek Penelitian..........................................................................

122

4.1.1 Sejarah Singkat Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia...................................

122

4.1.2 Visi dan Misi Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia......................................

126

4.1.3 Struktur Kepemilikan dan Struktur Organisasi.................................... ....

127

4.1.4 Produk Jasa yang Ditawarkan...................................................................

132

4.1.5 Strategi Fungsional....................................................................................

132

4.1.5.1 Strategi Fungsional Divisi Sumber Daya Manusia ....................

132

4.1.5.2 Visi Misi dan Program Kerja Direktorat SDM UPI ..................

133

4.1 6 Tahap Pencapaian Target Renstra................................................................

136

Tahap Analisis Awal.............................................................................................

137

4.2.1 Analisis Visi, Misi dan Tujuan UPI.............................................................

137

4.2

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4.2.2 Analisis SWOT dan Matrik SWOT.............................................................

137

4.2.3 Analisis Strategi Posisi UPI dilihat dari Matrik ..........................................

144

4.3 Tahap Perancangan...................................................................................................

145

4.3.1 Formulasi Strategi UPI Dalam Kerangka Balance Scorecard............. .....

145

4.3.1.1 Finansial........................................................................................

145

4.3.1.2 Customer........................................................................................

146

4.3.1.3 Bisnis Internal................................................................................

149

4.3.1.4 Learning & growth........................................................................

151

4.3.1.5 Formulasi Visi Misi Kedalam Strategi ( Matrik Tows)................

153

4.3.1.6 Formulasi Parameter Akreditasi BANPT Kedalam Strategi
(Matrik Tows)................................................................................

153

4.3.1.7 Strategi Objektif Balance Scorecard.............................................

154

4.3.1.8 Strrategi Map UPI Berdasarkan Balance Scorecard....................

155

4.3.1.9 Initiative Strategi Map UPI Berdasarkan Balance Scorecard.......

158

4.3.2 Cascading Bsc Korporat Ke Dalam Kerangka Hr Scorecard................. .....

175

4.3.2.1 Identifikasi Visi, Misi dan Program kerja Direktorat
SDM UPI ...................................................................................

178

4.3.2.2 Identifikasi Output Dan Ekspektasi Stakeholder...................... .....

181

4.3.2.3 Strategic Objectives HR.................................................................

183

4.3.2.4 Menentukan Strategy Map Human Resource Scorecard UP... .....

184

4.3.2.5 Menentukan Strategi Objektif dari Strategi Map
Human Resource Scorecard UPI..................................................

185

4.3.2.6 Menentukan Initiative Strategi Map
Human Resource Scorecard UPI..................................................

187

4.3.3 Mengintegrasikan Human Resource Accounting
Pada Human Resource Scorecard UPI.......................................................

193

Jaenudin , 2014
Integrasi human resources scorecard dan human resources accounting pada kinerja perguruan tinggi (studi
pengembangan konsep pada Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

4.3.3.1 Penentuan Strategi Objektif Human Resource Accounting
Link Pada Human Resource Scorecard UPI................................

195

4.3.3.2 Penentuan Initiative Strategi Objektif Human Resource Accounting
Link Pada Human Resource Scorecard UPI.................................

197

4.4 Tahap Pengujian.......................................................................................................

210

4.4.1 Uji Awal..........................................................................................................

211

4.4.2 Uji Pelaksanaan..............................................................................................

214

BAB V KASIMPULAN DAN REKOMENDASI.........................................................

221

5.1 Kesimpulan................................................................................................................

221

5.2 Rekomendasi..............................................................................................................

223

DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN

Jaenudin , 2014
Integrasi human resources scorecard dan human resources accounting pada kinerja perguruan tinggi (studi
pengembangan konsep pada Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

DAFTAR TABEL
Hal.
Tabel 1.1
Ranking Universitas di Indonesia Versi Webcomertics ................................................... 10
Tabel 1.2
Ranking Universitas di Indonesia Versi Webcomertics , Januari 2012 ........................... 11
Tabel 1.3
Ranking 10 besar Universitas di Asia Tenggara Versi Webcomertics, Juli 2012 ........... 12
Tabel 1.4
Ranking Universitas berdasarkan Negara Versi Webcomertick, Juli 2012 ....................

13

Tabel 1.5:
Ranking Perguruan Tinggi Multi Disiplin Versi Asiaweek ...........................................

13

Tabel 1.6:
Ranking Perguruan Tinggi Science and Technology Versi Asiaweek ........................

14

Tabel 1.7:
Jumlah Pengangguran Berdasarkan Lulusan .............................................................

16

Tabel 2.1
Perbandingan Laporan Keuangan Konvensional dengan HRA

....................

93

Tabel 2.2 Empat perspektif HRSC ...........................................................................

99

Tabel 4.1 Analisis Internal ......................................................................................

138

Tabel 4.2 Analisis Eksternal ...................................................................................

140

Tabel 4.3 Model Analisis SWOT ............................................................................

142

Tabel 4.4 Initiative Strategi Map Balanced Scorecard UPI...................................................
Tabel 4.5 Identifikasi Visi, Misi dan Program kerja Direktorat SDM UPI....................

180

Jaenudin , 2014
Integrasi human resources scorecard dan human resources accounting pada kinerja perguruan tinggi (studi
pengembangan konsep pada Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

Jaenudin , 2014
Integrasi human resources scorecard dan human resources accounting pada kinerja perguruan tinggi (studi
pengembangan konsep pada Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

Tabel 4.6 Identifikasi Output Dan Ekspektasi Stakeholder SDM UPI..........................

183

Tabel 4.7 Initiative Strategi Map Human Resource Scorecard UPI................................

193

Tabel 4.8 Initiative Strategi Objektif Human Resource Accounting
Link pada Human Resource Scorecard UPI........................................................ 209

Jaenudin , 2014
Integrasi human resources scorecard dan human resources accounting pada kinerja perguruan tinggi (studi
pengembangan konsep pada Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

DAFTAR GAMBAR
Hal.

Gambar 2.1
Skema penjabaran 8 standar pendidikan menjadi standar akreditasi program studi ....... 31
Gambar 2.2 Hubungan Kausal Antar Perspektif Balanced Scorecard ...........................

42

Gambar 2.3 Kerangka Kerja Keseimbangan Empat Perspektif BSC .............................. 43
Gambar 2.3 Contoh Strategi Map .................................................................................... 45
Gambar 2.4 Contoh Strategi Map Lanjutan ...................................................................

46

Gambar 2.5 Contoh Initiative Strategy Map Lanjutan ...................................................

46

Gambar 2.6 Fungsi sumber daya manusia taktis versus strategic .................................

64

Gambar 2.7 Model awal yang digunakan untuk menyelaraskan
strategi HRdengan strategi bisnis ....................................................................................

76

Gambar 2.8 Peta Strategi ................................................................................................

77

Gambar 2.9 Peta Strategi HR Scorecard ........................................................................

78

Gambar: 2.10 Skema Ruang Lingkup Akuntansi SDM .................................................

84

Gambar 2.11 Model Balanced Scorecard menurut Kaplan dan Norton ........................

96

Gambar 2.12 Strategy Map Balance Scorecard ...........................................................

97

Gambar 2.13 Model Kerangka Kerja SDM dari sudut pandag HRA .............................

102

Gambar 2.14 Model Pengukuran biaya historis

............................................................

105

Gambar 3.1 Diagram Alir Metodologi Penelitian ..........................................................

115

Gambar 4.1 Gambaran Formulasi Visi Misi ke dalam Strategi (Matrik Tows) .............

152

Gambar 4.2 Gambaran Formulasi Visi Misi ke dalam Strategi ( Matrik Tows) ........

153

Jaenudin , 2014
Integrasi human resources scorecard dan human resources accounting pada kinerja perguruan tinggi (studi
pengembangan konsep pada Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

Gambar 4.3 Strategy Map di UPI .................................................................................. . 156
Gambar 4.4 Keterkaitan antara elemen human resource scorecard
dan balanced scorecard, Huselid (2003) ....................................................................... . 176

Gambar 4.5 Langkah cascading balanced scorecard ke dalam
strategi human resource scorecard ...............................................................................

178

Gambar 4.6 Rancangan Strategi Map Human Resoure Scorecard UPI .......................

185

Gambar 4.7 Penentuan SO Perspektif Human Resource Scorecard UPI .....................

187

Gambar 4.8 Kerangka Human Resource Accounting Link
pada Human Resource Scorecard ..............................................................................

194

Gambar 4.9 Penentuan SO Human Resource Accounting Link to
Human Resource Scorecard UPI .................................................................................

196

Jaenudin , 2014
Integrasi human resources scorecard dan human resources accounting pada kinerja perguruan tinggi (studi
pengembangan konsep pada Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu