Eka Aryani 22010112110093 Lap KTI BAB 7
80
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1.
Creager M, Libby P. Peripheral Arterial Disease In: Mann DL, Zipes DP,
Libby P, Bonow RO, editors. Braunwald’s Heart Disease : A Textbook of
Cardiovascular Medicine. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2015.
1312 p.
2.
Antono D, Hamonangani R. Penyakit Arteri Perifer. In: Setiati S, editor.
Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. 1st ed. Jakarta: InternaPublishing; 2014.
p. 1516–26.
3.
Rhee SY, Kim YS. Peripheral Arterial Disease in Patients with Type 2
Diabetes Mellitus. 2015;283–90.
4.
Coffman JD, Eberhardt RT. Peripheral Arterial Disease, Diagnosis and
Treatment. New York: Springer Seienee&Business Media; 2003.1-34p.
5.
Rooke TW, Hirsch a. T, Misra S, Sidawy a. N, Beckman J a., Findeiss LK,
et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA Focused Update of the Guideline for the
Management of Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease. Circulation.
Elsevier Inc.; 2011;58(19):2020–45.
6.
Fowkes FGR, Rudan D, Rudan I, Aboyans V, Denenberg JO, McDermott
MM, et al. Comparison of global estimates of prevalence and risk factors
for peripheral artery disease in 2000 and 2010: a systematic review and
analysis. Lancet. Elsevier Ltd; 2013;382(9901):1329–40.
7.
Selvin E. Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Peripheral Arterial Disease in
the United States: Results From the National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey, 1999-2000. Circulation. 2004;110(6):738–43.
8.
Fowkes FGR, Low LP, Tuta S, Kozak J. Ankle-brachial index and extent of
atherothrombosis in 8891 patients with or at risk of vascular disease:
Results of the international AGATHA study. Eur Heart J.
2006;27(15):1861–7.
9.
Rhee SY, H G, ZM L, SW-K C, S W, P P. Multi-country study on the
prevalence and clinical features of peripheral arterial disease in Asian type
2 diabetes patients at high risk of atherosclerosis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract.
2007;76(1):82–92.
10.
American Diabetes Association. Epidemiology and Impact of Peripheral
Arterial Disease in People with Diabetes. Diabetes Care.
2003;26(12):3333–41.
81
11.
American Heart Association. What is peripheral vascular disease? In
American Heart Association; 2012.
12.
Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, Bakal CW, Creager MA, Halperin JL,
et al. ACC/AHA 2005 Practice Guidelines for the Management of Patients
With Peripheral Arterial Disease (Lower Extremity, Renal, Mesenteric, and
Abdominal Aortic). Circulation. 2006;113(11):e463–5.
13.
Norgren L, Hiatt WR, Dormandy J a., Nehler MR, Harris K a., Fowkes
FGR, et al. Inter-Society Consensus for the management of peripheral
arterial disease (TASC II). Int Angiol. 2007;26(2):82–157.
14.
F Brian Boudi M. Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis Treatment &
Management. Medscape. 2016; [cited 2016 Jun 17]
15.
Marso SP, Hiatt WR. Peripheral arterial disease in patients with diabetes. J
Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47(5):921–9.
16.
The Japan Diabetes Society. Evidence-based Practice Guideline for the
Treatment for Diabetes in Japan 2013. Diabet Med. 2013;1–3.
17.
Ilmiah Populer [Internet]. [cited 2016 Jan 26]. Available from:
http://www.pdpersi.co.id/content/popular_science.php?psid=30
18.
Dinas Kesehatan Jateng. Daftar Tabel Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa
Tengah. Semarang: Dinkes Jateng; 2008. 38 p.
19.
Huh JH, Choi E, Lim JS, Lee MY, Chung CH, Shin JY. Serum cystatin C
levels are associated with asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease in type 2
diabetes mellitus patients without overt nephropathy. Diabetes Res Clin
Pract. Elsevier Ireland Ltd; 2015;108(2):258–64.
20.
Rahman A. Faktor – Faktor Risiko Mayor Aterosklerosis pada Berbagai
Penyakit Aterosklerosis di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang. Diponegoro
University; 2012.
21.
Tomeleri CM, Ronque ER, Silva DR, Cardoso Junior CG, Fernandes R a,
Teixeira DC, et al. Prevalence of dyslipidemia in adolescents: comparison
between definitions. Rev Port Cardiol. Sociedade Portuguesa de
Cardiologia; 2015;34(2):103–9.
22.
Bittner V. Perspectives on dyslipidemia and coronary heart disease in
women: an update. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2006;21(6):602–7.
23.
Fakhrzadeh H, Tabatabaei-malazy O. Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular
Disease. Endocrinol Metab Res Cent Tehran Univ Med Sci. 2008;
82
24.
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. Riset Kesehatan Dasar
(RISKESDAS) 2007. Lap Nas 2007. 2008;1–384.
25.
Rinandyta SA. Perbedaan Kadar LDL pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus
Tipe 2 dengan Hipertensi dan Tanpa Hipertensi di RSUD Dr. Moewardi.
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta; 2012.
26.
Ilminovia F. Hubungan antara Status Diabetes Melitus dengan Status
Penyakit Arteri Perifer (PAP) pada Pasien Hipertensi In Abstract Book
ESC 26th. European student congress; 2015.
27.
Longo DL, Kasper DL, Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Loscalzo J,
editors. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. 18th ed. New York: Mc
Graw Hill; 2012. 2066 p.
28.
Agrawal K, Eberhardt RT. Contemporary Medical Management of
Peripheral Arterial Disease. Cardiol Clin. Elsevier Inc; 2015;33(1):111–37.
29.
Runge MS, Greganti MA. Netter’s Internal Medicine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia:
Saunders Elsevier; 2009. 213 p.
30.
McDermott, M M, McGrae. Lower Extremity Manifestations of Peripheral
Artery Disease. Am Hear Assoc J. 2015;115:1540–50.
31.
Lozano FS, González-Porras JR, March JR, Lobos JM, Carrasco E, Ros E.
Diabetes mellitus and intermittent claudication: a cross-sectional study of
920 claudicants. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2014;6:21.
32.
Hallett Jr JW. Peripheral Arterial Disease. Merck Manuals. 2008;169–73.
33.
Bordeaux LM, Reich LM, Hirsch AT. The Epidemiology and Natural.
Springer J. 2003;(Ic):21–35.
34.
Baker. Smoking and Peripheral Arterial Disease ( PAD ). ASH Research
Report Smoking and Peripheral Arterial Disease. 2014;
35.
Tendera M, Aboyans V, Bartelink M-L, Baumgartner I, Clement D, Collet
J-P, et al. ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral
artery diseases: Document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial
carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteries
* The Task Force on the Diagnosis and Treat. Eur Heart J.
2011;32(22):2851–906.
36.
Olin JW, Sealove B a. Peripheral artery disease: current insight into the
disease and its diagnosis and management. Mayo Clin Proc.
2010;85(7):678–92.
83
37.
Hirsch AT, Criqui MH, Treat-Jacobson D, Regensteiner JG. Peripheral
arterial disease detection, awarness and treatment in primary care. JAMA.
2001;286(11):1317–24.
38.
Age AT. Peripheral Arterial Disease in the Legs. In: CdcGov. p. 4–5.
39.
Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, Bakal CW, Creager MA, Halperin JL.
ACC/AHA 2005 practice guidelines for the Management of Patients with
Peripheral Arterial Disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and
abdominal aortic): a collaborative report from the American Association for
Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Sur. Circulation. 2006;113(11):463–
654.
40.
Suyono S. Diabetes Melitus. In: Setiati S, editor. Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit
Dalam. 1st ed. Jakarta: InternaPublishing; 2014. p. 2315–418.
41.
American Diabetes Association. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes.
Diabetes Care. 2015;38(Supplement_1):S8–16.
42.
Hirsch a T, Hiatt WR. PAD awareness, risk, and treatment: new resources
for survival--the USA PARTNERS program. Vasc Med. 2001;6(3
Suppl):9–12.
43.
Joshua A, Beckman, MD M, Mark A. Creager M, Peter Libby M. Diabetes
and Atherosclerosis Epidemiologi, Pathophysiology, and Management.
JAMA. 2002;(287):2570–81.
44.
Coggins M, Lindner J, Rattigan S, Jahn L, Fasy E, Kaul S, et al. Muscle
Perfusion by Capillary Recruitment. 2001;50
45.
Forstermann U, Sessa WC. Nitric oxide synthases: regulation and function.
European Heart Journal. 2012;33(7):829–37.
46.
Hua L, Hongliang L, Yige B, Xiangxun Z, Yerong Y. Free Fatty Acids
Induce Endothelial Dysfunction and Activate Protein Kinase C and Nuclear
Factor-κB Pathway in Rat Aorta. Int J Cardiol. 152(2):218–24.
47.
Erwinanto, Santoso A, Putranto JNE, Tedjasukmana P, Suryawan R, Rifqi
S, et al. Pedoman tatalaksana dislipidemia. 1st ed. Perhimpunan Dokter
Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia; 2013.1-7p.
48.
PERKENI. Konsensus Pengelolaan Dislipidemia di Indonesia. Jakarta:
Pusat Penerbitan Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Fakultas Kedokteran UI; 2012.1521p.
84
49.
Fodor G. Primary prevention of CVD: Treating dyslipidemia. Am Fam
Physician. 2011;83(10):1207–8.
50.
Adam JM. Dislipidemia. In: Setiati S, editor. Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit
Dalam. 1st ed. Jakarta: InternaPublishing; 2014. p. 2549–68.
51.
Forouzandeh F, Salazar G, Patrushev N, Xiong S, Hilenski L, Fei B, et al.
Metformin beyond diabetes: Pleiotropic benefits of metformin in
attenuation of atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014;3(6):1–12.
52.
Jamkhande PG, Chandak PG, Dhawale SC, Barde SR, Tidke PS, Sakhare
RS. Therapeutic approaches to drug targets in atherosclerosis. Saudi Pharm
J SPJ Off Publ Saudi Pharm Soc. King Saud University; 2014;22(3):179–
90.
53.
Elizabeth Klodas M. High Blood Pressure and Atherosclerosis. WebMD.
2016; [cited 2016 Jun 17]
54.
Aboyans V, Criqui MH, Abraham P, Allison M a., Creager M a., Diehm C,
et al. Measurement and Interpretation of the Ankle-Brachial Index: A
Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation.
2012;126(24):2890–909.
55.
Mahameed A Al. Peripheral Arterial Disease. Cleve Clin J Med. 2009;
56.
Bonham P, Cappuccio M, Hulsey T, Michel Y, Kelechi T, Jenkins C. Are
Ankle and Toe Brachial Indices (ABI-TBI) Obtained by a Pocket Doppler
Interchangeable With Those Obtained by Standard Laboratory Equipment?
J Wound, Ostomy Cont Nurs. 2007;34(1):35–44.
57.
Carmo G a L, Mandil a, Nascimento BR, Arantes BD, Bittencourt JC,
Falqueto EB, et al. Can we measure the ankle-brachial index using only a
stethoscope? A pilot study. Fam Pract. 2009;26(1):22–6.
58.
WOCN Wound Committee. Ankle Brachial Index. J Wound, Ostomy Cont
Nurs. 2012;39(April):S21–9.
59.
Inada A, Weir GC, Bonner-Weir S. Induced ICER I?? down-regulates
cyclin a expression and cell proliferation in insulin-producing ?? cells.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005;329(3):925–9.
60.
Yogiantoro M. Hipertensi Esensial. Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Jilid
1. IV. Jakarta: FKUI; 2006. 610-14 p.
61.
F Brian Boudi M. Treatment of Low HDL levels and High Triglyceride
levels in Patients With Diabetes. Medscape. 2016;[cited 2016 Jun 17]
85
62.
Selvin E, Erlinger TP. Prevalence of and risk factors for peripheral arterial
disease in the United States: Results from the National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey, 1999-2000. Circulation. 2004;110(6):738–43.
63.
Pepine CJ, Handberg EM. The vascular biology of hypertension and
atherosclerosis and intervention with calcium antagonists and angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors. Clin Cardiol. 2001;24(11 Suppl):V1–5.
86
Lampiran 1. Informed Consent (Persetujuan Pasien)
JUDUL PENELITIAN
: Hubungan antara Dislipidemia dengan Derajat
Keparahan Penyakit Arteri Perifer (PAP) pada
Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Terkontrol Sedang.
INSTANSI PELAKSANA
: Bagian Ilmu Penyakit Dalam FK Undip Mahasiswa Program Studi Strata-1 Kedokteran
Umum Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas
Diponegoro
PERSETUJUAN SETELAH PENJELASAN
(INFORMED CONSENT)
Yth Bapak/Ibu …………………………………..
Nama saya Eka Aryani, saya mahasiswa Program Studi S1 Ilmu
Pendidikan Dokter Fakultas Kedokteran UNDIP. Saya melakukan penelitian
dengan judul “Hubungan antara Dislipidemia dengan Derajat Keparahan Penyakit
Arteri Perifer (PAP) pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Terkontrol Sedang”.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dislipidemia
dengan derajat keparahan penyakit arteri perifer (PAP) pada pasien DM tipe 2
terkontrol sedang. Dislipidemia adalah kelainan metabolisme lipid (lemak darah)
dimana terjadi peningkatan maupun penurunan komponen lipid seperti kolesterol
total, kolesterol LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein), TG (trigliserida), serta
menurunnya kolesterol HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) dalam darah. Penyakit
arteri perifer adalah gangguan suplai darah ke ekstremitas atas atau bawah
(tungkai atau lengan) karena obstruksi atau sumbatan sehingga timbul gejala
seperti rasa nyeri pada ekstremitas tersebut(klaudikasio intermiten). Bapak/Ibu
87
terpilih sebagai peserta penelitian ini. Apabila Bapak/Ibu setuju untuk menjadi
peserta penelitian maka ada beberapa hal yang akan Bapak/Ibu alami, yaitu:
- Pengambilan informasi nama, umur, jenis kelamin, status merokok, status
hipertensi dan keluhan yang dirasakan melalui wawancara
- Diukur tekanan darah pada kedua kaki dan kedua lengan pada saat istirahat
- Dan bila diperlukan, akan diukur tekanan darah pada kaki setelah berolah
raga naik-turun bangku selama 4-5 menit atau berjalan selama 6 menit atau
dorsofleksi plantarfleksi selama 6 menit.
Keuntungan bagi Bapak/Ibu yang bersangkutan ikut dalam penelitian ini
adalah mendapat fasilitas pendeteksian Penyakit Arteri Perifer (PAP) serta
mengetahui derajat PAP yang diderita apabila terdeteksi. Dengan dilakukanya
pendeteksian ini, kita dapat mengetahui apakah terdapat sumbatan pembuluh
darah pada lengan atau kaki Bapak/Ibu. Bapak/Ibu juga akan diberi pemahaman
mengenai PAP. Saya menjamin bahwa penelitian ini tidak akan menimbulkan
efek yang merugikan pada Bapak/Ibu. Dalam penelitian ini tidak ada intervensi
dalam bentuk apapun terhadap Bapak/ Ibu. Setiap data pemeriksaan dan penelitian
dijamin kerahasiaannya dengan tidak mencantumkan identitas subyek. Sebagai
peserta penelitian keikutsertaan ini bersifat sukarela dan tidak dikenakan biaya
penelitian.
Penanggung jawab penelitian:
Eka Aryani
085642702444
Sudah mendengar dan memahami penjelasan penelitian, dengan ini saya
menyatakan
SETUJU / TIDAK SETUJU
untuk ikut sebagai subyek/sampel penelitian ini.
Tegal, …………………….2016
Saksi
Nama Terang
Alamat
:
:
Nama Terang :
Alamat
:
88
Lampiran 2
DAFTAR TILIK PENELUSURAN REKAM MEDIK
No
Keterangan
Nama
Jenis Kelamin
Umur
Alamat
No HP
Kontrol teratur/tidak
Status merokok ya/ tidak
DM
Status glikemik (HbA1c):
Kadar gula darah terakhir
GDS:
GDP:
Lamanya DM:
Obat yang diminum:
Dislipidemia ya/ tidak
TC:
LDL:
HDL:
TG:
Lamanya dislipidemia:
Obat yang diminum:
Hipertensi
Tekanan darah terakhir:
Obat yang diminum:
89
Lampiran 3
LEMBAR PENGUMPULAN DATA
ANKLE-BRACHIAL INDEX (ABI)
Tanggal Pemeriksaan:
Nama Pasien:
Umur:
Catatan:
Jenis Kelamin:
Apakah ada aktivitas berat yang baru
saja dilakukan/ konsumsi kafein/
alkohol terakhir
ABI saat istirahat
Kanan
Pengukuran
I
II
Rata-
Kiri
rata
I
Brachialis
Brachialis
Tibialis
Tibialis
Posterior
Posterior
Dorsalis
Dorsalis
Pedis
Pedis
ABI kanan =
ABI kiri =
Pengukuran
II
Ratarata
rata − rata tertinggi tekanan sistolik kaki kanan DP atau TP
rata − rata tertinggi tekanan sistolik lengan kanan atau kiri
rata − rata tertinggi tekanan sistolik kaki kiri DP atau TP
rata − rata tertinggi tekanan sistolik lengan (kanan atau kiri)
Nilai ABI saat istirahat =
90
ABI setelah exercise
(Diakukan apabila nilai ABI saat istirahat normal namun terdapat gejala
klaudikasio)
Lamanya exercise =
Nilai tekanan sistolik kaki setelah exercise =
Nilai ABI setelah exercise =
Kelengkapan Data
Status Merokok :
Lamanya DM :
Lamanya Dislipidemia
Minum obat hipertensi teratur atau tidak :
Minum obat diabetes teratur atau tidak :
Minum obat dislipidemia teratur atau tidak :
91
Lampiran 4. Izin Penelitian
92
93
Lampiran 5. Dokumentasi Penelitian
94
95
Lampiran 6. Biodata Mahasiswa
Identitas
Nama Lengkap
: Eka Aryani
Jenis Kelamin
: Perempuan
Program Studi
: Pendidikan Dokter
NIM
: 22010112110093
Tempat, tanggal lahir : Tegal, 14 Februari 1995
E-mail
: eka.aryani1402@gmail.com
Nomor telepon/HP
: 085642702444
Riwayat Pendidikan Formal
SD
Nama Institusi SDN
Margadana 3
Kota Tegal
Tahun masuklulus
2000-2006
SMP
SMPN 18
Kota Tegal
2006-2009
SMA
S1
SMAN 1 Kota Pendidikan
Tegal
Dokter
Fakultas
Kedokteran
UNDIP
2009-2012
2012
Organisasi yang Pernah Diikuti:
Lembaga
Divisi Pengembangan Mahasiswa
Kelompok Studi Mahasiswa FK
UNDIP
Bidang Riset HIMA KU UNDIP
Kelompok Ilmiah Remaja SMAN 1
Kota Tegal
Tahun
2013-2014
2012-2014
2010-2012
Pengalaman Mengikuti Lomba Karya Ilmiah
Potensi Teng-teng Natto sebagai Alternatif Terapi Aterosklerosis, LKTI-GT Mini
Scientific Fair 2014, Peserta Terbaik.
96
Lampiran 7. Hasil SPSS
Frequencies
Frequency Table
Status Dislipidemia
Frequency
ya
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
21
70,0
70,0
70,0
tidak
9
30,0
30,0
100,0
Total
30
100,0
100,0
Jenis kelamin
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Laki-laki
17
56,7
56,7
56,7
Perempuan
13
43,3
43,3
100,0
Total
30
100,0
100,0
Usia
N
Valid
Missing
Mean
Median
Std. Deviation
Minimum
Maximum
30
0
59,17
58,50
7,250
46
71
Usia
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
46
2
6,7
6,7
6,7
50
2
6,7
6,7
13,3
51
1
3,3
3,3
16,7
52
1
3,3
3,3
20,0
53
2
6,7
6,7
26,7
54
2
6,7
6,7
33,3
55
2
6,7
6,7
40,0
57
1
3,3
3,3
43,3
58
2
6,7
6,7
50,0
59
1
3,3
3,3
53,3
62
1
3,3
3,3
56,7
97
64
3
10,0
10,0
66,7
65
2
6,7
6,7
73,3
66
2
6,7
6,7
80,0
67
3
10,0
10,0
90,0
68
2
6,7
6,7
96,7
71
1
3,3
3,3
100,0
30
100,0
100,0
Total
Status merokok
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Ya
6
20,0
20,0
20,0
pasif
5
16,7
16,7
36,7
mantan
3
10,0
10,0
46,7
tidak
16
53,3
53,3
100,0
Total
30
100,0
100,0
Hipertensi
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Ya
13
43,3
43,3
43,3
Tidak
17
56,7
56,7
100,0
Total
30
100,0
100,0
Penyakit atherosclerosis lain
Frequency
Ya
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
7
23,3
23,3
23,3
Tidak
23
76,7
76,7
100,0
Total
30
100,0
100,0
Crosstabs
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid
N
Status Dislipidemia * Status
PAP
Missing
Percent
30
100,0%
N
Total
Percent
0
0,0%
N
Percent
30
100,0%
98
Status Dislipidemia * Status PAP Crosstabulation
Status PAP
Ya
ya
12
9
21
Expected Count
8,4
12,6
21,0
100,0%
50,0%
70,0%
40,0%
30,0%
70,0%
0
9
9
3,6
5,4
9,0
% within Status PAP
0,0%
50,0%
30,0%
% of Total
Count
0,0%
12
30,0%
18
30,0%
30
12,0
18,0
30,0
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
40,0%
60,0%
100,0%
% within Status PAP
Count
tidak
Expected Count
Expected Count
Total
Tidak
Count
% of Total
Status Dislipidemia
Total
% within Status PAP
% of Total
Chi-Square Tests
Value
b
Likelihood Ratio
Asymp. Sig. (2sided)
a
1
,003
6,356
1
,012
11,699
1
,001
8,571
Pearson Chi-Square
Continuity Correction
df
,004
Fisher's Exact Test
Linear-by-Linear Association
N of Valid Cases
Exact Sig. (2sided)
8,286
1
,004
30
a. 1 cells (25,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3,60.
b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
Risk Estimate
Value
95% Confidence Interval
Lower
For cohort Status PAP =
Tidak
N of Valid Cases
,429
30
,262
Upper
,702
Exact Sig. (1sided)
,003
99
T-Test
Group Statistics
Status PAP
N
Ya
Kolesterol total
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
12
212,00
45,798
13,221
9
164,33
34,077
11,359
Tidak
Independent Samples Test
Levene's
Test for
t-test for Equality of Means
Equality of
Variances
F
Sig.
t
df
Sig. (2tailed)
Equal variances
Kolester assumed
ol total
Equal variances
1,62
2
,218
not assumed
2,61
9
Mean
Std.
Differenc
Error
e
Differenc
e
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower
Upper
19
,017
47,667
18,199
9,577
85,757
2,73 18,999
5
,013
47,667
17,430
11,184
84,149
T-Test
Group Statistics
Status PAP
LDL
N
Ya
Tidak
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
12
136,83
31,007
8,951
9
104,44
30,566
10,189
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for
Equality of
Variances
F
LDL
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
,042
Sig.
t-test for Equality of Means
t
,840 2,383
df
Sig. (2tailed)
Mean
Differenc
e
Std.
Error
Differenc
e
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower
Upper
19
,028
32,389
13,591
3,942
60,836
2,388 17,52
3
,028
32,389
13,562
3,841
60,937
100
T-Test
Group Statistics
Status PAP
HDL
N
Ya
Tidak
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
12
25,58
9,549
2,756
9
33,67
5,074
1,691
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for
Equality of Variances
F
Sig.
t-test for Equality of Means
t
df
Sig. (2tailed)
Mean
Differenc
e
Std. Error
Differenc
e
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower
HDL
Equal variances
assumed
4,985
,038
19
,033
-8,083
3,517
-15,445
-,721
-
17,44
,023
-8,083
3,234
-14,893
-1,273
2,499
3
Equal variances
not assumed
NPar Tests
Mann-Whitney Test
Ranks
Status PAP
N
Ya
Trigliserida
Mean Rank
Sum of Ranks
12
13,42
161,00
Tidak
9
7,78
70,00
Total
21
Test Statistics
a
Trigliserida
Mann-Whitney U
Wilcoxon W
25,000
70,000
Z
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)]
-2,061
,039
b
,041
a. Grouping Variable: Status PAP
b. Not corrected for ties.
Upper
2,298
101
Crosstabs
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid
N
21
jumlah dislipidemia * Status PAP
Missing
Percent
N
100,0%
Total
Percent
0
N
0,0%
Percent
21
100,0%
jumlah dislipidemia * Status PAP Crosstabulation
Status PAP
Ya
Count
1 komponen
jumlah dislipidemia
3,4
2,6
6,0
66,7%
28,6%
% of Total
0,0%
28,6%
28,6%
9
3
12
6,9
5,1
12,0
% within Status PAP
75,0%
33,3%
57,1%
% of Total
42,9%
14,3%
57,1%
Expected Count
2
0
2
1,1
,9
2,0
16,7%
0,0%
9,5%
9,5%
0,0%
9,5%
Count
1
0
1
Expected Count
,6
,4
1,0
% within Status PAP
8,3%
0,0%
4,8%
% of Total
Count
4,8%
12
0,0%
9
4,8%
21
12,0
9,0
21,0
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
57,1%
42,9%
100,0%
Expected Count
% within Status PAP
% of Total
4 komponen
Total
Expected Count
% within Status PAP
% of Total
Chi-Square Tests
Value
Pearson Chi-Square
Likelihood Ratio
Linear-by-Linear Association
N of Valid Cases
6
0,0%
Count
3 komponen
6
% within Status PAP
Count
2 komponen
Tidak
0
Expected Count
Total
df
Asymp. Sig. (2sided)
a
3
,008
15,186
8,710
21
3
1
,002
,003
11,813
a. 6 cells (75,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is
,43.
102
Frequencies
jenis komponen
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
HDL
4
19,0
19,0
19,0
TG
2
9,5
9,5
28,6
TC HDL
1
4,8
4,8
33,3
HDL TG
10
47,6
47,6
81,0
LDL HDL
1
4,8
4,8
85,7
TC LDL HDL
2
9,5
9,5
95,2
TC LDL HDL TG
1
4,8
4,8
100,0
21
100,0
100,0
Total
NPar Tests
Descriptive Statistics
N
Mean
Std.
Deviation
Minimum Maximum
Percentiles
25th
50th
(Median)
75th
jenis
komponen
21
3,57
1,720
1
7
2,00
4,00
4,00
Status PAP
21
1,43
,507
1
2
1,00
1,00
2,00
103
Mann-Whitney Test
Ranks
Status PAP
N
Mean Rank
Ya
jenis komponen
Sum of Ranks
12
14,38
172,50
Tidak
9
6,50
58,50
Total
21
a
Test Statistics
jenis komponen
Mann-Whitney U
Wilcoxon W
Z
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)]
13,500
58,500
-3,059
,002
b
,002
a. Grouping Variable: Status PAP
b. Not corrected for ties.
Crosstabs
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid
N
Jenis kelamin * Status PAP
Missing
Percent
30
N
Total
Percent
100,0%
0
N
0,0%
Percent
30
100,0%
Jenis kelamin * Status PAP Crosstabulation
Status PAP
Ya
Count
Laki-laki
Jenis kelamin
Total
Tidak
6
11
17
6,8
10,2
17,0
% within Status PAP
50,0%
61,1%
56,7%
% of Total
20,0%
36,7%
56,7%
6
7
13
5,2
7,8
13,0
% within Status PAP
50,0%
38,9%
43,3%
% of Total
Count
20,0%
12
23,3%
18
43,3%
30
12,0
18,0
30,0
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
40,0%
60,0%
100,0%
Expected Count
Count
Perempuan
Total
Expected Count
Expected Count
% within Status PAP
% of Total
104
Chi-Square Tests
Value
b
Likelihood Ratio
Asymp. Sig. (2sided)
a
1
,547
,051
1
,821
,361
1
,548
,362
Pearson Chi-Square
Continuity Correction
df
Exact Sig. (2sided)
Exact Sig. (1sided)
,711
Fisher's Exact Test
,350
Linear-by-Linear Association
1
,410
,554
30
N of Valid Cases
a. 0 cells (0,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 5,20.
b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
Risk Estimate
Value
95% Confidence Interval
Lower
Odds Ratio for Jenis kelamin
(Laki-laki / Perempuan)
For cohort Status PAP = Ya
For cohort Status PAP =
Tidak
Upper
,636
,145
2,784
,765
1,202
,320
,651
1,828
2,220
30
N of Valid Cases
T-Test
Group Statistics
Status PAP
Usia
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Ya
12
61,08
6,302
1,819
Tidak
18
57,89
7,722
1,820
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for
Equality of
Variances
F
Usia
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
1,788
Sig.
t-test for Equality of Means
t
,192 1,191
df
Sig. (2tailed)
Mean
Std.
Differenc
Error
e
Differenc
e
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower
Upper
28
,244
3,194
2,683
-2,300
8,689
1,241 26,72
0
,225
3,194
2,574
-2,089
8,477
105
Crosstabs
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid
N
Status merokok * Status
PAP
Missing
Percent
30
N
Total
Percent
100,0%
0
N
Percent
0,0%
30
Status merokok * Status PAP Crosstabulation
Status PAP
Ya
Count
4
2
6
3,6
6,0
% within Status PAP
33,3%
11,1%
20,0%
% of Total
13,3%
6,7%
20,0%
3
2
5
2,0
3,0
5,0
% within Status PAP
25,0%
11,1%
16,7%
% of Total
10,0%
6,7%
16,7%
1
2
3
1,2
1,8
3,0
% within Status PAP
8,3%
11,1%
10,0%
% of Total
3,3%
6,7%
10,0%
4
12
16
6,4
9,6
16,0
% within Status PAP
33,3%
66,7%
53,3%
% of Total
Count
13,3%
12
40,0%
18
53,3%
30
12,0
18,0
30,0
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
40,0%
60,0%
100,0%
Count
Expected Count
pasif
Status merokok
Count
mantan
Expected Count
Count
Expected Count
tidak
Expected Count
Total
Tidak
2,4
Expected Count
Ya
% within Status PAP
% of Total
Chi-Square Tests
Value
Pearson Chi-Square
Likelihood Ratio
Linear-by-Linear Association
N of Valid Cases
Total
df
a
4,167
4,199
3,902
30
Asymp. Sig. (2sided)
3
3
1
,244
,241
,048
100,0%
106
a. 6 cells (75,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum
expected count is 1,20.
Risk Estimate
Value
a
Odds Ratio for Status
merokok (Ya / pasif)
a. Risk Estimate statistics cannot be
computed. They are only computed for a
2*2 table without empty cells.
Crosstabs
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid
N
Hipertensi * Status PAP
Missing
Percent
30
N
100,0%
Total
Percent
0
N
0,0%
30
Hipertensi * Status PAP Crosstabulation
Status PAP
Ya
Count
Ya
Hipertensi
Total
Tidak
4
13
5,2
7,8
13,0
% within Status PAP
75,0%
22,2%
43,3%
% of Total
30,0%
13,3%
43,3%
3
14
17
6,8
10,2
17,0
% within Status PAP
25,0%
77,8%
56,7%
% of Total
Count
10,0%
12
46,7%
18
56,7%
30
12,0
18,0
30,0
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
40,0%
60,0%
100,0%
Count
Tidak
Total
9
Expected Count
Expected Count
Expected Count
% within Status PAP
% of Total
Percent
100,0%
107
Chi-Square Tests
Value
b
Likelihood Ratio
Asymp. Sig. (2sided)
Exact Sig. (2sided)
a
1
,004
6,160
1
,013
8,488
1
,004
8,167
Pearson Chi-Square
Continuity Correction
df
Exact Sig. (1sided)
,008
Fisher's Exact Test
7,895
Linear-by-Linear Association
1
,006
,005
30
N of Valid Cases
a. 0 cells (0,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 5,20.
b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
Risk Estimate
Value
95% Confidence Interval
Lower
Odds Ratio for Hipertensi
(Ya / Tidak)
For cohort Status PAP = Ya
For cohort Status PAP =
Tidak
Upper
10,500
1,889
58,359
3,923
,374
1,320
,161
11,656
,869
30
N of Valid Cases
Crosstabs
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid
N
Penyakit atherosclerosis lain
* Status PAP
Missing
Percent
30
100,0%
N
Total
Percent
0
N
0,0%
Percent
30
100,0%
Penyakit atherosclerosis lain * Status PAP Crosstabulation
Status PAP
Ya
Count
Ya
Penyakit atherosclerosis lain
Tidak
Expected Count
Total
Tidak
4
3
7
2,8
4,2
7,0
% within Status PAP
33,3%
16,7%
23,3%
% of Total
13,3%
10,0%
23,3%
8
15
23
9,2
13,8
23,0
Count
Expected Count
108
% within Status PAP
66,7%
83,3%
76,7%
% of Total
26,7%
50,0%
76,7%
12
18
30
Count
Expected Count
Total
% within Status PAP
12,0
18,0
30,0
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
40,0%
60,0%
100,0%
% of Total
Chi-Square Tests
Value
b
Likelihood Ratio
Asymp. Sig. (2sided)
Exact Sig. (2sided)
a
1
,290
,380
1
,537
1,100
1
,294
1,118
Pearson Chi-Square
Continuity Correction
df
Exact Sig. (1sided)
,392
Fisher's Exact Test
Linear-by-Linear Association
1,081
1
,266
,299
30
N of Valid Cases
a. 2 cells (50,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 2,80.
b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
Risk Estimate
Value
95% Confidence Interval
Lower
Odds Ratio for Penyakit
atherosclerosis lain (Ya /
Tidak)
For cohort Status PAP = Ya
For cohort Status PAP =
Upper
2,500
,445
14,037
1,643
,657
,701
,266
3,849
1,626
Tidak
30
N of Valid Cases
Crosstabs
Minum obat * Status PAP Crosstabulation
Status PAP
Ya
Count
Minum obat
Teratur
Tidak teratur
Total
Tidak
6
16
22
8,8
13,2
22,0
% within Status PAP
50,0%
88,9%
73,3%
% of Total
20,0%
53,3%
73,3%
6
2
8
Expected Count
Count
109
Expected Count
3,2
4,8
8,0
% within Status PAP
50,0%
11,1%
26,7%
% of Total
Count
20,0%
12
6,7%
18
26,7%
30
12,0
18,0
30,0
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
40,0%
60,0%
100,0%
Expected Count
Total
% within Status PAP
% of Total
Chi-Square Tests
Value
b
Likelihood Ratio
Asymp. Sig. (2sided)
a
1
,018
3,757
1
,053
5,601
1
,018
5,568
Pearson Chi-Square
Continuity Correction
df
Exact Sig. (2sided)
Exact Sig. (1sided)
,034
Fisher's Exact Test
Linear-by-Linear Association
5,383
1
,027
,020
30
N of Valid Cases
a. 2 cells (50,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3,20.
b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
Risk Estimate
Value
95% Confidence Interval
Lower
Odds Ratio for Minum obat
(Teratur / Tidak teratur)
For cohort Status PAP = Ya
For cohort Status PAP =
Tidak
Upper
,125
,020
,799
,364
2,909
,165
,853
,802
9,925
30
N of Valid Cases
Crosstabs
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid
N
Obat dislipidemia * Status
PAP
Missing
Percent
30
100,0%
N
Total
Percent
0
0,0%
N
Percent
30
100,0%
110
Obat dislipidemia * Status PAP Crosstabulation
Status PAP
Ya
Count
5
3
8
4,8
8,0
% within Status PAP
41,7%
16,7%
26,7%
% of Total
16,7%
10,0%
26,7%
7
8
15
6,0
9,0
15,0
% within Status PAP
58,3%
44,4%
50,0%
% of Total
23,3%
26,7%
50,0%
0
7
7
2,8
4,2
7,0
% within Status PAP
0,0%
38,9%
23,3%
% of Total
Count
0,0%
12
23,3%
18
23,3%
30
12,0
18,0
30,0
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
40,0%
60,0%
100,0%
Count
Obat dislipidemia
Expected Count
tidak
Count
Expected Count
tidak minum obat
Expected Count
Total
% within Status PAP
% of Total
Chi-Square Tests
Value
df
Asymp. Sig. (2sided)
Pearson Chi-Square
Likelihood Ratio
Linear-by-Linear Association
N of Valid Cases
6,632
9,068
a
2
2
,036
,011
5,695
30
1
,017
a. 4 cells (66,7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum
expected count is 2,80.
Risk Estimate
Value
Odds Ratio for Obat
dislipidemia (ya / tidak)
a
a. Risk Estimate statistics cannot be
computed. They are only computed for a
2*2 table without empty cells.
Tidak
3,2
Expected Count
ya
Total
111
Crosstabs
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid
N
obat hipertensi * Status PAP
Missing
Percent
30
N
100,0%
Total
Percent
0
N
Percent
0,0%
30
100,0%
obat hipertensi * Status PAP Crosstabulation
Status PAP
Ya
Count
2
7
2,8
4,2
7,0
% within Status PAP
41,7%
11,1%
23,3%
% of Total
16,7%
6,7%
23,3%
4
2
6
Count
obat hipertensi
Expected Count
tidak teratur
2,4
3,6
6,0
% within Status PAP
33,3%
11,1%
20,0%
% of Total
13,3%
6,7%
20,0%
3
14
17
6,8
10,2
17,0
% within Status PAP
25,0%
77,8%
56,7%
% of Total
Count
10,0%
12
46,7%
18
56,7%
30
12,0
18,0
30,0
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
40,0%
60,0%
100,0%
Count
tidak minum obat
Expected Count
Expected Count
Total
% within Status PAP
% of Total
Chi-Square Tests
Value
Pearson Chi-Square
Likelihood Ratio
Linear-by-Linear Association
N of Valid Cases
Tidak
5
Expected Count
teratur
Total
df
a
8,198
8,523
7,016
30
Asymp. Sig. (2sided)
2
2
1
a. 4 cells (66,7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum
expected count is 2,40.
,017
,014
,008
112
Risk Estimate
Value
a
Odds Ratio for obat
hipertensi (teratur / tidak
teratur)
a. Risk Estimate statistics cannot be
computed. They are only computed for a
2*2 table without empty cells.
Logistic Regression
Case Processing Summary
Unweighted Cases
a
N
Included in Analysis
Selected Cases
Percent
30
100,0
0
,0
30
0
30
100,0
,0
100,0
Missing Cases
Total
Unselected Cases
Total
a. If weight is in effect, see classification table for the total number of cases.
Dependent Variable Encoding
Original Value
Internal Value
Ya
Tidak
0
1
Categorical Variables Codings
Frequency
Parameter coding
(1)
Minum obat
Hipertensi
Teratur
22
1,000
Tidak teratur
Ya
8
13
,000
1,000
Tidak
17
,000
Block 0: Beginning Block
Classification Table
Observed
a,b
Predicted
Status PAP
Ya
Status PAP
Step 0
Percentage
Correct
Tidak
Ya
0
12
,0
Tidak
0
18
100,0
Overall Percentage
a. Constant is included in the model.
60,0
113
b. The cut value is ,500
Variables in the Equation
B
Step 0
Constant
S.E.
,405
Wald
,373
df
1,184
Sig.
1
,277
Variables not in the Equation
Score
Variables
Step 0
df
Sig.
Hipertensi(1)
8,167
1
,004
obat_dm(1)
5,568
1
,018
10,027
2
,007
Overall Statistics
Block 1: Method = Backward Stepwise (Likelihood Ratio)
Omnibus Tests of Model Coefficients
Chi-square
Step 1
Step 2
a
df
Sig.
Step
10,792
2
,005
Block
10,792
2
,005
Model
Step
10,792
-2,303
2
1
,005
,129
Block
8,488
1
,004
Model
8,488
1
,004
a. A negative Chi-squares value indicates that the Chi-squares
value has decreased from the previous step.
Model Summary
Step
1
2
-2 Log likelihood
Cox & Snell R
Nagelkerke R
Square
Square
29,589
a
,302
,408
31,892
a
,246
,333
a. Estimation terminated at iteration number 4 because parameter
estimates changed by less than ,001.
Hosmer and Lemeshow Test
Step
1
2
Chi-square
,070
,000
df
Sig.
2
0
,966
.
Exp(B)
1,500
114
Contingency Table for Hosmer and Lemeshow Test
Status PAP = Ya
Observed
Step 1
Step 2
Status PAP = Tidak
Expected
Observed
Total
Expected
1
5
5,124
1
,876
6
2
4
3,876
3
3,124
7
3
1
,876
1
1,124
2
4
1
2
9
2,124
9,000
13
4
12,876
4,000
15
13
2
3
3,000
14
14,000
17
Classification Table
a
Observed
Predicted
Status PAP
Ya
Status PAP
Step 1
Percentage
Correct
Tidak
Ya
9
3
75,0
Tidak
4
14
77,8
76,7
Overall Percentage
Status PAP
Step 2
Ya
9
3
75,0
Tidak
4
14
77,8
76,7
Overall Percentage
a. The cut value is ,500
Variables in the Equation
B
S.E.
Wald
df
Sig.
Exp(B)
95% C.I.for EXP(B)
Lower
Hipertensi(1)
Step 1
a
obat_dm(1)
Constant
Step 2
a
Hipertensi(1)
Constant
Upper
-2,017
,919
4,820
1
,028
,133
,022
,805
1,552
1,048
2,190
1
,139
4,719
,604
36,836
,250
1,055
,056
1
,813
1,284
-2,351
,875
7,219
1
,007
,095
,017
,529
1,540
,636
5,863
1
,015
4,667
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: Hipertensi, obat_dm.
115
Model if Term Removed
Variable
Step 1
Step 2
Model Log
Likelihood
Change in -2 Log
Likelihood
df
Sig. of the
Change
Hipertensi
-17,390
5,190
1
,023
obat_dm
Hipertensi
-15,946
-20,190
2,303
8,488
1
1
,129
,004
df
Sig.
Variables not in the Equation
Score
Step 2
a
Variables
obat_dm(1)
Overall Statistics
a. Variable(s) removed on step 2: obat_dm.
2,360
1
,124
2,360
1
,124
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1.
Creager M, Libby P. Peripheral Arterial Disease In: Mann DL, Zipes DP,
Libby P, Bonow RO, editors. Braunwald’s Heart Disease : A Textbook of
Cardiovascular Medicine. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2015.
1312 p.
2.
Antono D, Hamonangani R. Penyakit Arteri Perifer. In: Setiati S, editor.
Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. 1st ed. Jakarta: InternaPublishing; 2014.
p. 1516–26.
3.
Rhee SY, Kim YS. Peripheral Arterial Disease in Patients with Type 2
Diabetes Mellitus. 2015;283–90.
4.
Coffman JD, Eberhardt RT. Peripheral Arterial Disease, Diagnosis and
Treatment. New York: Springer Seienee&Business Media; 2003.1-34p.
5.
Rooke TW, Hirsch a. T, Misra S, Sidawy a. N, Beckman J a., Findeiss LK,
et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA Focused Update of the Guideline for the
Management of Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease. Circulation.
Elsevier Inc.; 2011;58(19):2020–45.
6.
Fowkes FGR, Rudan D, Rudan I, Aboyans V, Denenberg JO, McDermott
MM, et al. Comparison of global estimates of prevalence and risk factors
for peripheral artery disease in 2000 and 2010: a systematic review and
analysis. Lancet. Elsevier Ltd; 2013;382(9901):1329–40.
7.
Selvin E. Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Peripheral Arterial Disease in
the United States: Results From the National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey, 1999-2000. Circulation. 2004;110(6):738–43.
8.
Fowkes FGR, Low LP, Tuta S, Kozak J. Ankle-brachial index and extent of
atherothrombosis in 8891 patients with or at risk of vascular disease:
Results of the international AGATHA study. Eur Heart J.
2006;27(15):1861–7.
9.
Rhee SY, H G, ZM L, SW-K C, S W, P P. Multi-country study on the
prevalence and clinical features of peripheral arterial disease in Asian type
2 diabetes patients at high risk of atherosclerosis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract.
2007;76(1):82–92.
10.
American Diabetes Association. Epidemiology and Impact of Peripheral
Arterial Disease in People with Diabetes. Diabetes Care.
2003;26(12):3333–41.
81
11.
American Heart Association. What is peripheral vascular disease? In
American Heart Association; 2012.
12.
Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, Bakal CW, Creager MA, Halperin JL,
et al. ACC/AHA 2005 Practice Guidelines for the Management of Patients
With Peripheral Arterial Disease (Lower Extremity, Renal, Mesenteric, and
Abdominal Aortic). Circulation. 2006;113(11):e463–5.
13.
Norgren L, Hiatt WR, Dormandy J a., Nehler MR, Harris K a., Fowkes
FGR, et al. Inter-Society Consensus for the management of peripheral
arterial disease (TASC II). Int Angiol. 2007;26(2):82–157.
14.
F Brian Boudi M. Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis Treatment &
Management. Medscape. 2016; [cited 2016 Jun 17]
15.
Marso SP, Hiatt WR. Peripheral arterial disease in patients with diabetes. J
Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47(5):921–9.
16.
The Japan Diabetes Society. Evidence-based Practice Guideline for the
Treatment for Diabetes in Japan 2013. Diabet Med. 2013;1–3.
17.
Ilmiah Populer [Internet]. [cited 2016 Jan 26]. Available from:
http://www.pdpersi.co.id/content/popular_science.php?psid=30
18.
Dinas Kesehatan Jateng. Daftar Tabel Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa
Tengah. Semarang: Dinkes Jateng; 2008. 38 p.
19.
Huh JH, Choi E, Lim JS, Lee MY, Chung CH, Shin JY. Serum cystatin C
levels are associated with asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease in type 2
diabetes mellitus patients without overt nephropathy. Diabetes Res Clin
Pract. Elsevier Ireland Ltd; 2015;108(2):258–64.
20.
Rahman A. Faktor – Faktor Risiko Mayor Aterosklerosis pada Berbagai
Penyakit Aterosklerosis di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang. Diponegoro
University; 2012.
21.
Tomeleri CM, Ronque ER, Silva DR, Cardoso Junior CG, Fernandes R a,
Teixeira DC, et al. Prevalence of dyslipidemia in adolescents: comparison
between definitions. Rev Port Cardiol. Sociedade Portuguesa de
Cardiologia; 2015;34(2):103–9.
22.
Bittner V. Perspectives on dyslipidemia and coronary heart disease in
women: an update. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2006;21(6):602–7.
23.
Fakhrzadeh H, Tabatabaei-malazy O. Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular
Disease. Endocrinol Metab Res Cent Tehran Univ Med Sci. 2008;
82
24.
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. Riset Kesehatan Dasar
(RISKESDAS) 2007. Lap Nas 2007. 2008;1–384.
25.
Rinandyta SA. Perbedaan Kadar LDL pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus
Tipe 2 dengan Hipertensi dan Tanpa Hipertensi di RSUD Dr. Moewardi.
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta; 2012.
26.
Ilminovia F. Hubungan antara Status Diabetes Melitus dengan Status
Penyakit Arteri Perifer (PAP) pada Pasien Hipertensi In Abstract Book
ESC 26th. European student congress; 2015.
27.
Longo DL, Kasper DL, Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Loscalzo J,
editors. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. 18th ed. New York: Mc
Graw Hill; 2012. 2066 p.
28.
Agrawal K, Eberhardt RT. Contemporary Medical Management of
Peripheral Arterial Disease. Cardiol Clin. Elsevier Inc; 2015;33(1):111–37.
29.
Runge MS, Greganti MA. Netter’s Internal Medicine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia:
Saunders Elsevier; 2009. 213 p.
30.
McDermott, M M, McGrae. Lower Extremity Manifestations of Peripheral
Artery Disease. Am Hear Assoc J. 2015;115:1540–50.
31.
Lozano FS, González-Porras JR, March JR, Lobos JM, Carrasco E, Ros E.
Diabetes mellitus and intermittent claudication: a cross-sectional study of
920 claudicants. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2014;6:21.
32.
Hallett Jr JW. Peripheral Arterial Disease. Merck Manuals. 2008;169–73.
33.
Bordeaux LM, Reich LM, Hirsch AT. The Epidemiology and Natural.
Springer J. 2003;(Ic):21–35.
34.
Baker. Smoking and Peripheral Arterial Disease ( PAD ). ASH Research
Report Smoking and Peripheral Arterial Disease. 2014;
35.
Tendera M, Aboyans V, Bartelink M-L, Baumgartner I, Clement D, Collet
J-P, et al. ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral
artery diseases: Document covering atherosclerotic disease of extracranial
carotid and vertebral, mesenteric, renal, upper and lower extremity arteries
* The Task Force on the Diagnosis and Treat. Eur Heart J.
2011;32(22):2851–906.
36.
Olin JW, Sealove B a. Peripheral artery disease: current insight into the
disease and its diagnosis and management. Mayo Clin Proc.
2010;85(7):678–92.
83
37.
Hirsch AT, Criqui MH, Treat-Jacobson D, Regensteiner JG. Peripheral
arterial disease detection, awarness and treatment in primary care. JAMA.
2001;286(11):1317–24.
38.
Age AT. Peripheral Arterial Disease in the Legs. In: CdcGov. p. 4–5.
39.
Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, Bakal CW, Creager MA, Halperin JL.
ACC/AHA 2005 practice guidelines for the Management of Patients with
Peripheral Arterial Disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and
abdominal aortic): a collaborative report from the American Association for
Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Sur. Circulation. 2006;113(11):463–
654.
40.
Suyono S. Diabetes Melitus. In: Setiati S, editor. Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit
Dalam. 1st ed. Jakarta: InternaPublishing; 2014. p. 2315–418.
41.
American Diabetes Association. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes.
Diabetes Care. 2015;38(Supplement_1):S8–16.
42.
Hirsch a T, Hiatt WR. PAD awareness, risk, and treatment: new resources
for survival--the USA PARTNERS program. Vasc Med. 2001;6(3
Suppl):9–12.
43.
Joshua A, Beckman, MD M, Mark A. Creager M, Peter Libby M. Diabetes
and Atherosclerosis Epidemiologi, Pathophysiology, and Management.
JAMA. 2002;(287):2570–81.
44.
Coggins M, Lindner J, Rattigan S, Jahn L, Fasy E, Kaul S, et al. Muscle
Perfusion by Capillary Recruitment. 2001;50
45.
Forstermann U, Sessa WC. Nitric oxide synthases: regulation and function.
European Heart Journal. 2012;33(7):829–37.
46.
Hua L, Hongliang L, Yige B, Xiangxun Z, Yerong Y. Free Fatty Acids
Induce Endothelial Dysfunction and Activate Protein Kinase C and Nuclear
Factor-κB Pathway in Rat Aorta. Int J Cardiol. 152(2):218–24.
47.
Erwinanto, Santoso A, Putranto JNE, Tedjasukmana P, Suryawan R, Rifqi
S, et al. Pedoman tatalaksana dislipidemia. 1st ed. Perhimpunan Dokter
Spesialis Kardiovaskular Indonesia; 2013.1-7p.
48.
PERKENI. Konsensus Pengelolaan Dislipidemia di Indonesia. Jakarta:
Pusat Penerbitan Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Fakultas Kedokteran UI; 2012.1521p.
84
49.
Fodor G. Primary prevention of CVD: Treating dyslipidemia. Am Fam
Physician. 2011;83(10):1207–8.
50.
Adam JM. Dislipidemia. In: Setiati S, editor. Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit
Dalam. 1st ed. Jakarta: InternaPublishing; 2014. p. 2549–68.
51.
Forouzandeh F, Salazar G, Patrushev N, Xiong S, Hilenski L, Fei B, et al.
Metformin beyond diabetes: Pleiotropic benefits of metformin in
attenuation of atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014;3(6):1–12.
52.
Jamkhande PG, Chandak PG, Dhawale SC, Barde SR, Tidke PS, Sakhare
RS. Therapeutic approaches to drug targets in atherosclerosis. Saudi Pharm
J SPJ Off Publ Saudi Pharm Soc. King Saud University; 2014;22(3):179–
90.
53.
Elizabeth Klodas M. High Blood Pressure and Atherosclerosis. WebMD.
2016; [cited 2016 Jun 17]
54.
Aboyans V, Criqui MH, Abraham P, Allison M a., Creager M a., Diehm C,
et al. Measurement and Interpretation of the Ankle-Brachial Index: A
Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation.
2012;126(24):2890–909.
55.
Mahameed A Al. Peripheral Arterial Disease. Cleve Clin J Med. 2009;
56.
Bonham P, Cappuccio M, Hulsey T, Michel Y, Kelechi T, Jenkins C. Are
Ankle and Toe Brachial Indices (ABI-TBI) Obtained by a Pocket Doppler
Interchangeable With Those Obtained by Standard Laboratory Equipment?
J Wound, Ostomy Cont Nurs. 2007;34(1):35–44.
57.
Carmo G a L, Mandil a, Nascimento BR, Arantes BD, Bittencourt JC,
Falqueto EB, et al. Can we measure the ankle-brachial index using only a
stethoscope? A pilot study. Fam Pract. 2009;26(1):22–6.
58.
WOCN Wound Committee. Ankle Brachial Index. J Wound, Ostomy Cont
Nurs. 2012;39(April):S21–9.
59.
Inada A, Weir GC, Bonner-Weir S. Induced ICER I?? down-regulates
cyclin a expression and cell proliferation in insulin-producing ?? cells.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005;329(3):925–9.
60.
Yogiantoro M. Hipertensi Esensial. Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Jilid
1. IV. Jakarta: FKUI; 2006. 610-14 p.
61.
F Brian Boudi M. Treatment of Low HDL levels and High Triglyceride
levels in Patients With Diabetes. Medscape. 2016;[cited 2016 Jun 17]
85
62.
Selvin E, Erlinger TP. Prevalence of and risk factors for peripheral arterial
disease in the United States: Results from the National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey, 1999-2000. Circulation. 2004;110(6):738–43.
63.
Pepine CJ, Handberg EM. The vascular biology of hypertension and
atherosclerosis and intervention with calcium antagonists and angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors. Clin Cardiol. 2001;24(11 Suppl):V1–5.
86
Lampiran 1. Informed Consent (Persetujuan Pasien)
JUDUL PENELITIAN
: Hubungan antara Dislipidemia dengan Derajat
Keparahan Penyakit Arteri Perifer (PAP) pada
Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Terkontrol Sedang.
INSTANSI PELAKSANA
: Bagian Ilmu Penyakit Dalam FK Undip Mahasiswa Program Studi Strata-1 Kedokteran
Umum Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas
Diponegoro
PERSETUJUAN SETELAH PENJELASAN
(INFORMED CONSENT)
Yth Bapak/Ibu …………………………………..
Nama saya Eka Aryani, saya mahasiswa Program Studi S1 Ilmu
Pendidikan Dokter Fakultas Kedokteran UNDIP. Saya melakukan penelitian
dengan judul “Hubungan antara Dislipidemia dengan Derajat Keparahan Penyakit
Arteri Perifer (PAP) pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Terkontrol Sedang”.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dislipidemia
dengan derajat keparahan penyakit arteri perifer (PAP) pada pasien DM tipe 2
terkontrol sedang. Dislipidemia adalah kelainan metabolisme lipid (lemak darah)
dimana terjadi peningkatan maupun penurunan komponen lipid seperti kolesterol
total, kolesterol LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein), TG (trigliserida), serta
menurunnya kolesterol HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) dalam darah. Penyakit
arteri perifer adalah gangguan suplai darah ke ekstremitas atas atau bawah
(tungkai atau lengan) karena obstruksi atau sumbatan sehingga timbul gejala
seperti rasa nyeri pada ekstremitas tersebut(klaudikasio intermiten). Bapak/Ibu
87
terpilih sebagai peserta penelitian ini. Apabila Bapak/Ibu setuju untuk menjadi
peserta penelitian maka ada beberapa hal yang akan Bapak/Ibu alami, yaitu:
- Pengambilan informasi nama, umur, jenis kelamin, status merokok, status
hipertensi dan keluhan yang dirasakan melalui wawancara
- Diukur tekanan darah pada kedua kaki dan kedua lengan pada saat istirahat
- Dan bila diperlukan, akan diukur tekanan darah pada kaki setelah berolah
raga naik-turun bangku selama 4-5 menit atau berjalan selama 6 menit atau
dorsofleksi plantarfleksi selama 6 menit.
Keuntungan bagi Bapak/Ibu yang bersangkutan ikut dalam penelitian ini
adalah mendapat fasilitas pendeteksian Penyakit Arteri Perifer (PAP) serta
mengetahui derajat PAP yang diderita apabila terdeteksi. Dengan dilakukanya
pendeteksian ini, kita dapat mengetahui apakah terdapat sumbatan pembuluh
darah pada lengan atau kaki Bapak/Ibu. Bapak/Ibu juga akan diberi pemahaman
mengenai PAP. Saya menjamin bahwa penelitian ini tidak akan menimbulkan
efek yang merugikan pada Bapak/Ibu. Dalam penelitian ini tidak ada intervensi
dalam bentuk apapun terhadap Bapak/ Ibu. Setiap data pemeriksaan dan penelitian
dijamin kerahasiaannya dengan tidak mencantumkan identitas subyek. Sebagai
peserta penelitian keikutsertaan ini bersifat sukarela dan tidak dikenakan biaya
penelitian.
Penanggung jawab penelitian:
Eka Aryani
085642702444
Sudah mendengar dan memahami penjelasan penelitian, dengan ini saya
menyatakan
SETUJU / TIDAK SETUJU
untuk ikut sebagai subyek/sampel penelitian ini.
Tegal, …………………….2016
Saksi
Nama Terang
Alamat
:
:
Nama Terang :
Alamat
:
88
Lampiran 2
DAFTAR TILIK PENELUSURAN REKAM MEDIK
No
Keterangan
Nama
Jenis Kelamin
Umur
Alamat
No HP
Kontrol teratur/tidak
Status merokok ya/ tidak
DM
Status glikemik (HbA1c):
Kadar gula darah terakhir
GDS:
GDP:
Lamanya DM:
Obat yang diminum:
Dislipidemia ya/ tidak
TC:
LDL:
HDL:
TG:
Lamanya dislipidemia:
Obat yang diminum:
Hipertensi
Tekanan darah terakhir:
Obat yang diminum:
89
Lampiran 3
LEMBAR PENGUMPULAN DATA
ANKLE-BRACHIAL INDEX (ABI)
Tanggal Pemeriksaan:
Nama Pasien:
Umur:
Catatan:
Jenis Kelamin:
Apakah ada aktivitas berat yang baru
saja dilakukan/ konsumsi kafein/
alkohol terakhir
ABI saat istirahat
Kanan
Pengukuran
I
II
Rata-
Kiri
rata
I
Brachialis
Brachialis
Tibialis
Tibialis
Posterior
Posterior
Dorsalis
Dorsalis
Pedis
Pedis
ABI kanan =
ABI kiri =
Pengukuran
II
Ratarata
rata − rata tertinggi tekanan sistolik kaki kanan DP atau TP
rata − rata tertinggi tekanan sistolik lengan kanan atau kiri
rata − rata tertinggi tekanan sistolik kaki kiri DP atau TP
rata − rata tertinggi tekanan sistolik lengan (kanan atau kiri)
Nilai ABI saat istirahat =
90
ABI setelah exercise
(Diakukan apabila nilai ABI saat istirahat normal namun terdapat gejala
klaudikasio)
Lamanya exercise =
Nilai tekanan sistolik kaki setelah exercise =
Nilai ABI setelah exercise =
Kelengkapan Data
Status Merokok :
Lamanya DM :
Lamanya Dislipidemia
Minum obat hipertensi teratur atau tidak :
Minum obat diabetes teratur atau tidak :
Minum obat dislipidemia teratur atau tidak :
91
Lampiran 4. Izin Penelitian
92
93
Lampiran 5. Dokumentasi Penelitian
94
95
Lampiran 6. Biodata Mahasiswa
Identitas
Nama Lengkap
: Eka Aryani
Jenis Kelamin
: Perempuan
Program Studi
: Pendidikan Dokter
NIM
: 22010112110093
Tempat, tanggal lahir : Tegal, 14 Februari 1995
: eka.aryani1402@gmail.com
Nomor telepon/HP
: 085642702444
Riwayat Pendidikan Formal
SD
Nama Institusi SDN
Margadana 3
Kota Tegal
Tahun masuklulus
2000-2006
SMP
SMPN 18
Kota Tegal
2006-2009
SMA
S1
SMAN 1 Kota Pendidikan
Tegal
Dokter
Fakultas
Kedokteran
UNDIP
2009-2012
2012
Organisasi yang Pernah Diikuti:
Lembaga
Divisi Pengembangan Mahasiswa
Kelompok Studi Mahasiswa FK
UNDIP
Bidang Riset HIMA KU UNDIP
Kelompok Ilmiah Remaja SMAN 1
Kota Tegal
Tahun
2013-2014
2012-2014
2010-2012
Pengalaman Mengikuti Lomba Karya Ilmiah
Potensi Teng-teng Natto sebagai Alternatif Terapi Aterosklerosis, LKTI-GT Mini
Scientific Fair 2014, Peserta Terbaik.
96
Lampiran 7. Hasil SPSS
Frequencies
Frequency Table
Status Dislipidemia
Frequency
ya
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
21
70,0
70,0
70,0
tidak
9
30,0
30,0
100,0
Total
30
100,0
100,0
Jenis kelamin
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Laki-laki
17
56,7
56,7
56,7
Perempuan
13
43,3
43,3
100,0
Total
30
100,0
100,0
Usia
N
Valid
Missing
Mean
Median
Std. Deviation
Minimum
Maximum
30
0
59,17
58,50
7,250
46
71
Usia
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
46
2
6,7
6,7
6,7
50
2
6,7
6,7
13,3
51
1
3,3
3,3
16,7
52
1
3,3
3,3
20,0
53
2
6,7
6,7
26,7
54
2
6,7
6,7
33,3
55
2
6,7
6,7
40,0
57
1
3,3
3,3
43,3
58
2
6,7
6,7
50,0
59
1
3,3
3,3
53,3
62
1
3,3
3,3
56,7
97
64
3
10,0
10,0
66,7
65
2
6,7
6,7
73,3
66
2
6,7
6,7
80,0
67
3
10,0
10,0
90,0
68
2
6,7
6,7
96,7
71
1
3,3
3,3
100,0
30
100,0
100,0
Total
Status merokok
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Ya
6
20,0
20,0
20,0
pasif
5
16,7
16,7
36,7
mantan
3
10,0
10,0
46,7
tidak
16
53,3
53,3
100,0
Total
30
100,0
100,0
Hipertensi
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Ya
13
43,3
43,3
43,3
Tidak
17
56,7
56,7
100,0
Total
30
100,0
100,0
Penyakit atherosclerosis lain
Frequency
Ya
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
7
23,3
23,3
23,3
Tidak
23
76,7
76,7
100,0
Total
30
100,0
100,0
Crosstabs
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid
N
Status Dislipidemia * Status
PAP
Missing
Percent
30
100,0%
N
Total
Percent
0
0,0%
N
Percent
30
100,0%
98
Status Dislipidemia * Status PAP Crosstabulation
Status PAP
Ya
ya
12
9
21
Expected Count
8,4
12,6
21,0
100,0%
50,0%
70,0%
40,0%
30,0%
70,0%
0
9
9
3,6
5,4
9,0
% within Status PAP
0,0%
50,0%
30,0%
% of Total
Count
0,0%
12
30,0%
18
30,0%
30
12,0
18,0
30,0
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
40,0%
60,0%
100,0%
% within Status PAP
Count
tidak
Expected Count
Expected Count
Total
Tidak
Count
% of Total
Status Dislipidemia
Total
% within Status PAP
% of Total
Chi-Square Tests
Value
b
Likelihood Ratio
Asymp. Sig. (2sided)
a
1
,003
6,356
1
,012
11,699
1
,001
8,571
Pearson Chi-Square
Continuity Correction
df
,004
Fisher's Exact Test
Linear-by-Linear Association
N of Valid Cases
Exact Sig. (2sided)
8,286
1
,004
30
a. 1 cells (25,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3,60.
b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
Risk Estimate
Value
95% Confidence Interval
Lower
For cohort Status PAP =
Tidak
N of Valid Cases
,429
30
,262
Upper
,702
Exact Sig. (1sided)
,003
99
T-Test
Group Statistics
Status PAP
N
Ya
Kolesterol total
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
12
212,00
45,798
13,221
9
164,33
34,077
11,359
Tidak
Independent Samples Test
Levene's
Test for
t-test for Equality of Means
Equality of
Variances
F
Sig.
t
df
Sig. (2tailed)
Equal variances
Kolester assumed
ol total
Equal variances
1,62
2
,218
not assumed
2,61
9
Mean
Std.
Differenc
Error
e
Differenc
e
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower
Upper
19
,017
47,667
18,199
9,577
85,757
2,73 18,999
5
,013
47,667
17,430
11,184
84,149
T-Test
Group Statistics
Status PAP
LDL
N
Ya
Tidak
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
12
136,83
31,007
8,951
9
104,44
30,566
10,189
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for
Equality of
Variances
F
LDL
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
,042
Sig.
t-test for Equality of Means
t
,840 2,383
df
Sig. (2tailed)
Mean
Differenc
e
Std.
Error
Differenc
e
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower
Upper
19
,028
32,389
13,591
3,942
60,836
2,388 17,52
3
,028
32,389
13,562
3,841
60,937
100
T-Test
Group Statistics
Status PAP
HDL
N
Ya
Tidak
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
12
25,58
9,549
2,756
9
33,67
5,074
1,691
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for
Equality of Variances
F
Sig.
t-test for Equality of Means
t
df
Sig. (2tailed)
Mean
Differenc
e
Std. Error
Differenc
e
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower
HDL
Equal variances
assumed
4,985
,038
19
,033
-8,083
3,517
-15,445
-,721
-
17,44
,023
-8,083
3,234
-14,893
-1,273
2,499
3
Equal variances
not assumed
NPar Tests
Mann-Whitney Test
Ranks
Status PAP
N
Ya
Trigliserida
Mean Rank
Sum of Ranks
12
13,42
161,00
Tidak
9
7,78
70,00
Total
21
Test Statistics
a
Trigliserida
Mann-Whitney U
Wilcoxon W
25,000
70,000
Z
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)]
-2,061
,039
b
,041
a. Grouping Variable: Status PAP
b. Not corrected for ties.
Upper
2,298
101
Crosstabs
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid
N
21
jumlah dislipidemia * Status PAP
Missing
Percent
N
100,0%
Total
Percent
0
N
0,0%
Percent
21
100,0%
jumlah dislipidemia * Status PAP Crosstabulation
Status PAP
Ya
Count
1 komponen
jumlah dislipidemia
3,4
2,6
6,0
66,7%
28,6%
% of Total
0,0%
28,6%
28,6%
9
3
12
6,9
5,1
12,0
% within Status PAP
75,0%
33,3%
57,1%
% of Total
42,9%
14,3%
57,1%
Expected Count
2
0
2
1,1
,9
2,0
16,7%
0,0%
9,5%
9,5%
0,0%
9,5%
Count
1
0
1
Expected Count
,6
,4
1,0
% within Status PAP
8,3%
0,0%
4,8%
% of Total
Count
4,8%
12
0,0%
9
4,8%
21
12,0
9,0
21,0
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
57,1%
42,9%
100,0%
Expected Count
% within Status PAP
% of Total
4 komponen
Total
Expected Count
% within Status PAP
% of Total
Chi-Square Tests
Value
Pearson Chi-Square
Likelihood Ratio
Linear-by-Linear Association
N of Valid Cases
6
0,0%
Count
3 komponen
6
% within Status PAP
Count
2 komponen
Tidak
0
Expected Count
Total
df
Asymp. Sig. (2sided)
a
3
,008
15,186
8,710
21
3
1
,002
,003
11,813
a. 6 cells (75,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is
,43.
102
Frequencies
jenis komponen
Frequency
Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
HDL
4
19,0
19,0
19,0
TG
2
9,5
9,5
28,6
TC HDL
1
4,8
4,8
33,3
HDL TG
10
47,6
47,6
81,0
LDL HDL
1
4,8
4,8
85,7
TC LDL HDL
2
9,5
9,5
95,2
TC LDL HDL TG
1
4,8
4,8
100,0
21
100,0
100,0
Total
NPar Tests
Descriptive Statistics
N
Mean
Std.
Deviation
Minimum Maximum
Percentiles
25th
50th
(Median)
75th
jenis
komponen
21
3,57
1,720
1
7
2,00
4,00
4,00
Status PAP
21
1,43
,507
1
2
1,00
1,00
2,00
103
Mann-Whitney Test
Ranks
Status PAP
N
Mean Rank
Ya
jenis komponen
Sum of Ranks
12
14,38
172,50
Tidak
9
6,50
58,50
Total
21
a
Test Statistics
jenis komponen
Mann-Whitney U
Wilcoxon W
Z
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)]
13,500
58,500
-3,059
,002
b
,002
a. Grouping Variable: Status PAP
b. Not corrected for ties.
Crosstabs
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid
N
Jenis kelamin * Status PAP
Missing
Percent
30
N
Total
Percent
100,0%
0
N
0,0%
Percent
30
100,0%
Jenis kelamin * Status PAP Crosstabulation
Status PAP
Ya
Count
Laki-laki
Jenis kelamin
Total
Tidak
6
11
17
6,8
10,2
17,0
% within Status PAP
50,0%
61,1%
56,7%
% of Total
20,0%
36,7%
56,7%
6
7
13
5,2
7,8
13,0
% within Status PAP
50,0%
38,9%
43,3%
% of Total
Count
20,0%
12
23,3%
18
43,3%
30
12,0
18,0
30,0
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
40,0%
60,0%
100,0%
Expected Count
Count
Perempuan
Total
Expected Count
Expected Count
% within Status PAP
% of Total
104
Chi-Square Tests
Value
b
Likelihood Ratio
Asymp. Sig. (2sided)
a
1
,547
,051
1
,821
,361
1
,548
,362
Pearson Chi-Square
Continuity Correction
df
Exact Sig. (2sided)
Exact Sig. (1sided)
,711
Fisher's Exact Test
,350
Linear-by-Linear Association
1
,410
,554
30
N of Valid Cases
a. 0 cells (0,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 5,20.
b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
Risk Estimate
Value
95% Confidence Interval
Lower
Odds Ratio for Jenis kelamin
(Laki-laki / Perempuan)
For cohort Status PAP = Ya
For cohort Status PAP =
Tidak
Upper
,636
,145
2,784
,765
1,202
,320
,651
1,828
2,220
30
N of Valid Cases
T-Test
Group Statistics
Status PAP
Usia
N
Mean
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
Ya
12
61,08
6,302
1,819
Tidak
18
57,89
7,722
1,820
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for
Equality of
Variances
F
Usia
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
1,788
Sig.
t-test for Equality of Means
t
,192 1,191
df
Sig. (2tailed)
Mean
Std.
Differenc
Error
e
Differenc
e
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower
Upper
28
,244
3,194
2,683
-2,300
8,689
1,241 26,72
0
,225
3,194
2,574
-2,089
8,477
105
Crosstabs
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid
N
Status merokok * Status
PAP
Missing
Percent
30
N
Total
Percent
100,0%
0
N
Percent
0,0%
30
Status merokok * Status PAP Crosstabulation
Status PAP
Ya
Count
4
2
6
3,6
6,0
% within Status PAP
33,3%
11,1%
20,0%
% of Total
13,3%
6,7%
20,0%
3
2
5
2,0
3,0
5,0
% within Status PAP
25,0%
11,1%
16,7%
% of Total
10,0%
6,7%
16,7%
1
2
3
1,2
1,8
3,0
% within Status PAP
8,3%
11,1%
10,0%
% of Total
3,3%
6,7%
10,0%
4
12
16
6,4
9,6
16,0
% within Status PAP
33,3%
66,7%
53,3%
% of Total
Count
13,3%
12
40,0%
18
53,3%
30
12,0
18,0
30,0
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
40,0%
60,0%
100,0%
Count
Expected Count
pasif
Status merokok
Count
mantan
Expected Count
Count
Expected Count
tidak
Expected Count
Total
Tidak
2,4
Expected Count
Ya
% within Status PAP
% of Total
Chi-Square Tests
Value
Pearson Chi-Square
Likelihood Ratio
Linear-by-Linear Association
N of Valid Cases
Total
df
a
4,167
4,199
3,902
30
Asymp. Sig. (2sided)
3
3
1
,244
,241
,048
100,0%
106
a. 6 cells (75,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum
expected count is 1,20.
Risk Estimate
Value
a
Odds Ratio for Status
merokok (Ya / pasif)
a. Risk Estimate statistics cannot be
computed. They are only computed for a
2*2 table without empty cells.
Crosstabs
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid
N
Hipertensi * Status PAP
Missing
Percent
30
N
100,0%
Total
Percent
0
N
0,0%
30
Hipertensi * Status PAP Crosstabulation
Status PAP
Ya
Count
Ya
Hipertensi
Total
Tidak
4
13
5,2
7,8
13,0
% within Status PAP
75,0%
22,2%
43,3%
% of Total
30,0%
13,3%
43,3%
3
14
17
6,8
10,2
17,0
% within Status PAP
25,0%
77,8%
56,7%
% of Total
Count
10,0%
12
46,7%
18
56,7%
30
12,0
18,0
30,0
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
40,0%
60,0%
100,0%
Count
Tidak
Total
9
Expected Count
Expected Count
Expected Count
% within Status PAP
% of Total
Percent
100,0%
107
Chi-Square Tests
Value
b
Likelihood Ratio
Asymp. Sig. (2sided)
Exact Sig. (2sided)
a
1
,004
6,160
1
,013
8,488
1
,004
8,167
Pearson Chi-Square
Continuity Correction
df
Exact Sig. (1sided)
,008
Fisher's Exact Test
7,895
Linear-by-Linear Association
1
,006
,005
30
N of Valid Cases
a. 0 cells (0,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 5,20.
b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
Risk Estimate
Value
95% Confidence Interval
Lower
Odds Ratio for Hipertensi
(Ya / Tidak)
For cohort Status PAP = Ya
For cohort Status PAP =
Tidak
Upper
10,500
1,889
58,359
3,923
,374
1,320
,161
11,656
,869
30
N of Valid Cases
Crosstabs
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid
N
Penyakit atherosclerosis lain
* Status PAP
Missing
Percent
30
100,0%
N
Total
Percent
0
N
0,0%
Percent
30
100,0%
Penyakit atherosclerosis lain * Status PAP Crosstabulation
Status PAP
Ya
Count
Ya
Penyakit atherosclerosis lain
Tidak
Expected Count
Total
Tidak
4
3
7
2,8
4,2
7,0
% within Status PAP
33,3%
16,7%
23,3%
% of Total
13,3%
10,0%
23,3%
8
15
23
9,2
13,8
23,0
Count
Expected Count
108
% within Status PAP
66,7%
83,3%
76,7%
% of Total
26,7%
50,0%
76,7%
12
18
30
Count
Expected Count
Total
% within Status PAP
12,0
18,0
30,0
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
40,0%
60,0%
100,0%
% of Total
Chi-Square Tests
Value
b
Likelihood Ratio
Asymp. Sig. (2sided)
Exact Sig. (2sided)
a
1
,290
,380
1
,537
1,100
1
,294
1,118
Pearson Chi-Square
Continuity Correction
df
Exact Sig. (1sided)
,392
Fisher's Exact Test
Linear-by-Linear Association
1,081
1
,266
,299
30
N of Valid Cases
a. 2 cells (50,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 2,80.
b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
Risk Estimate
Value
95% Confidence Interval
Lower
Odds Ratio for Penyakit
atherosclerosis lain (Ya /
Tidak)
For cohort Status PAP = Ya
For cohort Status PAP =
Upper
2,500
,445
14,037
1,643
,657
,701
,266
3,849
1,626
Tidak
30
N of Valid Cases
Crosstabs
Minum obat * Status PAP Crosstabulation
Status PAP
Ya
Count
Minum obat
Teratur
Tidak teratur
Total
Tidak
6
16
22
8,8
13,2
22,0
% within Status PAP
50,0%
88,9%
73,3%
% of Total
20,0%
53,3%
73,3%
6
2
8
Expected Count
Count
109
Expected Count
3,2
4,8
8,0
% within Status PAP
50,0%
11,1%
26,7%
% of Total
Count
20,0%
12
6,7%
18
26,7%
30
12,0
18,0
30,0
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
40,0%
60,0%
100,0%
Expected Count
Total
% within Status PAP
% of Total
Chi-Square Tests
Value
b
Likelihood Ratio
Asymp. Sig. (2sided)
a
1
,018
3,757
1
,053
5,601
1
,018
5,568
Pearson Chi-Square
Continuity Correction
df
Exact Sig. (2sided)
Exact Sig. (1sided)
,034
Fisher's Exact Test
Linear-by-Linear Association
5,383
1
,027
,020
30
N of Valid Cases
a. 2 cells (50,0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3,20.
b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
Risk Estimate
Value
95% Confidence Interval
Lower
Odds Ratio for Minum obat
(Teratur / Tidak teratur)
For cohort Status PAP = Ya
For cohort Status PAP =
Tidak
Upper
,125
,020
,799
,364
2,909
,165
,853
,802
9,925
30
N of Valid Cases
Crosstabs
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid
N
Obat dislipidemia * Status
PAP
Missing
Percent
30
100,0%
N
Total
Percent
0
0,0%
N
Percent
30
100,0%
110
Obat dislipidemia * Status PAP Crosstabulation
Status PAP
Ya
Count
5
3
8
4,8
8,0
% within Status PAP
41,7%
16,7%
26,7%
% of Total
16,7%
10,0%
26,7%
7
8
15
6,0
9,0
15,0
% within Status PAP
58,3%
44,4%
50,0%
% of Total
23,3%
26,7%
50,0%
0
7
7
2,8
4,2
7,0
% within Status PAP
0,0%
38,9%
23,3%
% of Total
Count
0,0%
12
23,3%
18
23,3%
30
12,0
18,0
30,0
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
40,0%
60,0%
100,0%
Count
Obat dislipidemia
Expected Count
tidak
Count
Expected Count
tidak minum obat
Expected Count
Total
% within Status PAP
% of Total
Chi-Square Tests
Value
df
Asymp. Sig. (2sided)
Pearson Chi-Square
Likelihood Ratio
Linear-by-Linear Association
N of Valid Cases
6,632
9,068
a
2
2
,036
,011
5,695
30
1
,017
a. 4 cells (66,7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum
expected count is 2,80.
Risk Estimate
Value
Odds Ratio for Obat
dislipidemia (ya / tidak)
a
a. Risk Estimate statistics cannot be
computed. They are only computed for a
2*2 table without empty cells.
Tidak
3,2
Expected Count
ya
Total
111
Crosstabs
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid
N
obat hipertensi * Status PAP
Missing
Percent
30
N
100,0%
Total
Percent
0
N
Percent
0,0%
30
100,0%
obat hipertensi * Status PAP Crosstabulation
Status PAP
Ya
Count
2
7
2,8
4,2
7,0
% within Status PAP
41,7%
11,1%
23,3%
% of Total
16,7%
6,7%
23,3%
4
2
6
Count
obat hipertensi
Expected Count
tidak teratur
2,4
3,6
6,0
% within Status PAP
33,3%
11,1%
20,0%
% of Total
13,3%
6,7%
20,0%
3
14
17
6,8
10,2
17,0
% within Status PAP
25,0%
77,8%
56,7%
% of Total
Count
10,0%
12
46,7%
18
56,7%
30
12,0
18,0
30,0
100,0%
100,0%
100,0%
40,0%
60,0%
100,0%
Count
tidak minum obat
Expected Count
Expected Count
Total
% within Status PAP
% of Total
Chi-Square Tests
Value
Pearson Chi-Square
Likelihood Ratio
Linear-by-Linear Association
N of Valid Cases
Tidak
5
Expected Count
teratur
Total
df
a
8,198
8,523
7,016
30
Asymp. Sig. (2sided)
2
2
1
a. 4 cells (66,7%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum
expected count is 2,40.
,017
,014
,008
112
Risk Estimate
Value
a
Odds Ratio for obat
hipertensi (teratur / tidak
teratur)
a. Risk Estimate statistics cannot be
computed. They are only computed for a
2*2 table without empty cells.
Logistic Regression
Case Processing Summary
Unweighted Cases
a
N
Included in Analysis
Selected Cases
Percent
30
100,0
0
,0
30
0
30
100,0
,0
100,0
Missing Cases
Total
Unselected Cases
Total
a. If weight is in effect, see classification table for the total number of cases.
Dependent Variable Encoding
Original Value
Internal Value
Ya
Tidak
0
1
Categorical Variables Codings
Frequency
Parameter coding
(1)
Minum obat
Hipertensi
Teratur
22
1,000
Tidak teratur
Ya
8
13
,000
1,000
Tidak
17
,000
Block 0: Beginning Block
Classification Table
Observed
a,b
Predicted
Status PAP
Ya
Status PAP
Step 0
Percentage
Correct
Tidak
Ya
0
12
,0
Tidak
0
18
100,0
Overall Percentage
a. Constant is included in the model.
60,0
113
b. The cut value is ,500
Variables in the Equation
B
Step 0
Constant
S.E.
,405
Wald
,373
df
1,184
Sig.
1
,277
Variables not in the Equation
Score
Variables
Step 0
df
Sig.
Hipertensi(1)
8,167
1
,004
obat_dm(1)
5,568
1
,018
10,027
2
,007
Overall Statistics
Block 1: Method = Backward Stepwise (Likelihood Ratio)
Omnibus Tests of Model Coefficients
Chi-square
Step 1
Step 2
a
df
Sig.
Step
10,792
2
,005
Block
10,792
2
,005
Model
Step
10,792
-2,303
2
1
,005
,129
Block
8,488
1
,004
Model
8,488
1
,004
a. A negative Chi-squares value indicates that the Chi-squares
value has decreased from the previous step.
Model Summary
Step
1
2
-2 Log likelihood
Cox & Snell R
Nagelkerke R
Square
Square
29,589
a
,302
,408
31,892
a
,246
,333
a. Estimation terminated at iteration number 4 because parameter
estimates changed by less than ,001.
Hosmer and Lemeshow Test
Step
1
2
Chi-square
,070
,000
df
Sig.
2
0
,966
.
Exp(B)
1,500
114
Contingency Table for Hosmer and Lemeshow Test
Status PAP = Ya
Observed
Step 1
Step 2
Status PAP = Tidak
Expected
Observed
Total
Expected
1
5
5,124
1
,876
6
2
4
3,876
3
3,124
7
3
1
,876
1
1,124
2
4
1
2
9
2,124
9,000
13
4
12,876
4,000
15
13
2
3
3,000
14
14,000
17
Classification Table
a
Observed
Predicted
Status PAP
Ya
Status PAP
Step 1
Percentage
Correct
Tidak
Ya
9
3
75,0
Tidak
4
14
77,8
76,7
Overall Percentage
Status PAP
Step 2
Ya
9
3
75,0
Tidak
4
14
77,8
76,7
Overall Percentage
a. The cut value is ,500
Variables in the Equation
B
S.E.
Wald
df
Sig.
Exp(B)
95% C.I.for EXP(B)
Lower
Hipertensi(1)
Step 1
a
obat_dm(1)
Constant
Step 2
a
Hipertensi(1)
Constant
Upper
-2,017
,919
4,820
1
,028
,133
,022
,805
1,552
1,048
2,190
1
,139
4,719
,604
36,836
,250
1,055
,056
1
,813
1,284
-2,351
,875
7,219
1
,007
,095
,017
,529
1,540
,636
5,863
1
,015
4,667
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: Hipertensi, obat_dm.
115
Model if Term Removed
Variable
Step 1
Step 2
Model Log
Likelihood
Change in -2 Log
Likelihood
df
Sig. of the
Change
Hipertensi
-17,390
5,190
1
,023
obat_dm
Hipertensi
-15,946
-20,190
2,303
8,488
1
1
,129
,004
df
Sig.
Variables not in the Equation
Score
Step 2
a
Variables
obat_dm(1)
Overall Statistics
a. Variable(s) removed on step 2: obat_dm.
2,360
1
,124
2,360
1
,124