Tsukuba presentation 20june2012

6/19/2012

Landscape Ecology
 Structure (Patch, Matrix, Corridor)
 Function (habitat)
 Change due to

Lilik Budi Prasetyo
http://lbprastdp.staff.ipb.ac.id
lbprastdp@yahoo.mail.com

disturbance &
Natural Process

Patch

TSUKUBA UNIVERSITY-JAPAN
18-21 June 2012

Matrix

MEGA DIVERSITY COUNTRY
Indonesia :
- 11 percent of the world's flowering plants (352 000 spc),
- 12 percent of the world's mammals (5 500 spc)
- 15 percent of all amphibians and reptiles (25 000 spc)
- 17 percent of all birds (10 000 spc)
- 37 percent of the world's fish (32 000 spc)

Endangered Species List of Indonesia
Taxonomic
Group
Plants
Birds
Reptiles
Fish
Mammals
Insects
Molluscs
Crustaceans

Noerdjito & Maryanto Nov. 2001

Number
110
390
48
8
131
19
12
9

Species receives extra protection from
a Presidential Decree (KepPres).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

7.
8.

Javanese Gibbon (Hylobates moloch)
Sumatran Tiger (Phantera tigris sumatrae);
Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus);
Javanese Eagle (Spizaetus bartelsi);
Anoa (Anoa depressicornis, Anoa quarlesi);
Babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa);
Javanese Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus);
Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus
sumatrensis);
9. Komodo Dragon (Varanus komodoensis);
10. Bird of Paradise (all species in the family
Paradiseidae);
11. Leaf Monkey (Presbytis potenziani);

Habitat Loss & Fragmentation
Impact on Species
a) Extinction forest specialist

species
b) Extinction of core/interior
species
c) Species isolation -> lead to
extinction
d) Increase edge species
e) Increase habitat generalist
species

Research Trends
 Habitat loss & its driving force, species
conservation
 Habitat Fragmentation & Corridor
Conservation
 Species distribution within fragmented
remnant forest
 Habitat Suitability
 Second Habitat

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Balairaja Nature Reserve
Case 1 :
Habitat Loss , Driving Force & Species Conservation

Wildlife existence

Land Cover Change
1985-2004

Forest
Bush
Grassland
Settlement
Bareland
Oil Palm
Rubber
Upland

Water body
Road
River

2004
2000
1992
1989
1985

Elephant Distribution & Potential Conflict with community,
Lead to extinction

Case 2 : Small mammal distribution in Remnant Forest
Balairaja Nature reserve
Edge : under two different micro-climates (bare land & forest)
Core/Interior : core/interior part of remnant forest

LINE TRANSECT & TRAP POSITION

Concept of Edge Species
& Interior species

Edge

Interior

Edge

Core/Interior
Trap Position
Line Transect Direction

2

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Rattus tiomanicus
No Individu

Captured Species List
Transect
No

Species

I

II

III

IV

V

VI

VII

VIII

IX

X

XI

∑

1

S.muelleri

4

3

6

1

-

-

1

1

1

1

2

20

2

R.tiomanicus

2

1

-

3

2

2

-

-

-

2

3

15

T.glis

1

1

-

-

3

2

6

3

3

1

1

21

M.surifer

-

-

2

4

4

4

4

3

4

-

-

25

5

C.notatus

-

-

-

-

1

2

3

2

-

-

-

8

6

P.lowii

-

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

1

Total

7

5

10

14

10

8

4

6

90

8

8

10

Callosciurus notatus

No Individu

3
4

Distance from edge (m)

Tupaia glis
Distance from edge (m)

EDGE SPECIES

Case 3 :Habitat Suitability, Sumatran Tiger
Bukit Tiga puluh National Park
No Individu

DISTRIBUTION PATTERN :
Elevation

Slope

Distance from
River

NDVI

Maxomys surifer

Distance from edge (m)

No Individu

Sundamys muelleri
Low Suitable
Moderate Suitable
High Suitable

Distance from edge (m)

Conflict between Sumatra Tiger &
Community

Interior species

P

1
1  e ( 9,198 ( 0, 052*elv ) ( 0, 284 ) slp ) ( 0, 003*driv )  (14, 655*ndvi ))

Case 4 : Second Habitat
Sumatran Tiger Conservation
ZSL-Indonesia, PHKA & LIPI

Sumatran Tiger was captured
GPS collar was set up
After several months was released in
To new habitat (second habitat)

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 Sumatran Tiger were spending more
time in secondary forest & forest edge
(border between forest non forest,
disturb forest)

Case 5. Fragmentation HALIMUN NATIONAL PARK 1989 - 2003

 Lead to conflict with community
 Lead to extinction due to
poaching/hunting
Release Point

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
1997 1998 2001 2003

Every one hour the GPS information was received

Javan Gibbon ((Hylobates moloch)
Distribution at Mt. Halimun Salak National
Park

UNGKO (Hylobates agilis F. Cuvier 1821)

Mt.Salak
Mt.Halimun

Corridor Fragmentation

Mt.Salak
Mt.Halimun

Case 6 : Habitat Suitability :
Macrocephalon maleo SAL. MULLER, 1846

Bogani Nani Wartabone

Land cover changes
1989 - 2008

a. Endemic to Sulawesi and
Buton Islands
b. Endangered (habitat
destruction, fragmentation,
small population, rapidly
decline)
c. lay their eggs in the
ground/sand and let the
warm soil do the
incubation

Timothy Boucher

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6/19/2012

Distance from hot spring

Distance from river

Distance from river

Distance from settlement

Habitat Suitability : Macrocephalon maleo SAL. MULLER, 1846

Distance from river

Distance from hot spring

Distance from settlement

Distance from river

Case 7 : Forest Fragmentation & Amphibi

Matrix of Oil Palm
Suitability
Map
Legend
Probability
Remnant
forest

Study
Area

Case 8 : Habitat Suitability of Sago in
Seram Island

Remnant forest Core
Oil Palm Matrix
Corridor

Species Diversity

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Elevation

Habitat Suitability (PCA Method)

Model Approach
P = ax1 + bx2 + cx3 + dx4 + ex5

Slope

Note:
P: Suitable habitat index
a-e: weight
X1: elevation
X2: slope

Soil

Accuracy :
65,62%

X3: Soil type
X4: Distance from river
x5: NDVI.

High Suitable
Moderate Suitable
Low Suitable

Habitat Suitability (Logistic Regression Method)

Distance from river
�=

Vegetation index

�

( +

+�(

+

� +

� +

� +

Note:
P: Probabality of Suitable Habitat
a: Constant
b1-b5: Coeeeficient of regression
X1: elevation

� +

� +

� +

� +

� +

�5)

�5)

X2: Slope
X3: Soil Type
X4: Distence from river
x5: NDVI.

Accuracy :
82,81%

High Suitable
Moderate Suitable
Low Suitable

Summary
 Habitat Loss & Fragmentation have been occurring,

Lead to species extinction
 Remote Sensing & GIS is powerful tools :

understanding distribution of species, changes
process, structure & function of the landscape
 Need further exploration

 Thank you very much !

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