can be measured, typically on instruments, so that the numbered data can be analyzed using statistical procedures.
Quasi-experimental design is used as the method of the study. The focus is about to know the effectiveness of small group discussion on students’
speaking skill. As the writer use intact group, quasi-experimental design is a suitable research design to apply. Based on Creswell statement, quasi-
experimental design is frequently used since the researchers can’t randomly assign the group of participants.
3
In this design there are two classes are used, one as the experimental class and another as controlled class.
4
Before the study started, pre-test is administered for both classes to know the ability of the students. Then, it is continued in applying the treatments
for four meetings in the experimental class. In the VIII.A as an experimental class, small group discussion technique is applied in. Meanwhile, in the VIII.B as
a controlled class, small group discussion technique is not applied to deliver the material. As the treatment over, post-test is administered for both classes. The
post-test results are compared to see whether there are any gain scores before and after treatments.
D. Instrument of The Research
To know the effectiveness of small group discussion on students’ speaking skill, the writer gives oral test to the students. The writer designs the
items for speaking test and uses the interaction with group technique. In this technique, the writer divides the students into five groups and then they are
asked to discuss a certain topic. Because the tests are oral and task assignment, the writer divides the scores into six criteria, which are the scores of
pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, fluency, comprehension and task.
3
John W. Creswell, Educational Research; Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research; Fourth Edition, New Jersey: Pearson Education, 2011,
p. 309.
4
Ibid, p. 310.
E. The Technique of Data Collecting
The writer uses test technique in collecting data on this research. The test is used in order to know the effectiveness of small group discussion on
students’ speaking skill at eighth grade students of MTs. Darul Ma’arif Jakarta. The test technique is the main technique in collecting the data. The pre-test and
post-test will be given to both experimental class and controlled class to find out their achievement in speaking skill.
1. Pre-test The pre-test is a test that functioned to measure the ability of each class
whether the class is equal or different in abilities.
5
The pre-test is given by the writer in the beginning of attending class VIII.A and VIII.B to know the
student knowledge of the material that will be taught. 2. Post-test
The writer gives the students post-test to know the improvement of students’ ability in speaking skill after the lesson and treatments finished.
F. The Technique of Data Analysis
Test is used by the writer in collecting the data. The data from the test is gained to find out the result of students’ speaking skill by using small group
discussion technique which is applied in the experimental class, the without small group discussion technique in the controlled class. It is obtained from
VIII.A as an experimental class and VIII.B as a controlled class of MTs. Darul Ma’arif. In analyzing data from the pre-test and post-test, the writer uses the
5
Marguerite G. Lodico, Dean T. Spaulding, and Katherine H. Voegle, Methods in Educational Study, From Theory to Practice, San Fransisco: John Wiley and Sons, 2006, p.
185.
