Distracter Effectiveness Kinds of Item Analysis
The last is the study titled “Relationship between Types of Distractor and
Difficulty of Multiple-Choice Vocabulary Tests in Sentential Context. This study was conducted by Yuko Hoshino. This study uses 372 students from seven
universities in Japan. Hoshino divided the participants randomly into a those who took the test with paradigmatically related distractors, b those who took the
test with syntagmatically related distractors, and c those who took the test with distractors with no related to a or b.This study focused on the change of test
difficulty by different types of distractors. The result showed that the test with syntagmatically related distractors were the most difficult and the test with
unrelated distractors, the easiest; the paradigmatically related distractors remained in the middle.
34
The three research above focused on analyzing the test items by doing item analysis with document based method. The first study focused on finding the
quality of the whole test items based on the validity, reliability, difficulty and discrimination index, also distractors efficiency in general. The second and the
third study focused on the non-functioning distractors. The second study focused on investigating the NF-D in teacher-made test while the third study focused on
the changing of difficulty index by the difference of distractors on English test. All of the research above had both strength and weakness. The strength of
these studies is the researcher doing it in order to make a good item through difficulty and discrimination index, also the relation between the ideal of item and
non-functioning distractor. The weakness of these studies is all of the researcher of those previous studies did not rewrite the items based on their analysis result.
Therefore, the writer interested in conducting a study in item analysis to overcome the weakness occurs in those previous studies. This study will hopefully,
turn out quite different from those studies above, because the writer intended to include the strength side from the research above also intended to revising the
items based on analysis result.
34
Yuko Hoshino, “Relationship between Types of Distractor and Difficulty of Multiple- choice Vocabulary Tests in Sentencial Co
ntext”, Springer; Language Testing in Asia, 3, 2013, pp. 1-12.
15