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that moves from bottom-up and top-down depending on the type of the text as well as on readers’ background knowledge, language proficiency
level, motivation, strategy used, and culturally shaped beliefs about the reading.
5. Reading Strategies
According to Grellet 1998:4, the main ways of reading are as follows: a.
Skimming: quickly running one’s eyes over a text to get the gist of it. b.
Scanning: quickly going through a text to find particular a piece of information.
c. Extensive Reading: reading longer texts, usually for one’s own pleasure.
This is a fluency activity, mainly involving global understanding. d.
Intensive reading: reading shorter texts, to extract specific information. This is more an accuracy activity involving reading for detail.
6. Reading Purpose
Reading is a variant skill in which there are different types of reading skills that correspond to the many different purposes we have for reading. Rivers and
Temperley in Nunan 1989: 33 suggest that the second language learners will want to read for the following purposes:
a. To obtain information for some purpose or because we are curious about
some topic b.
To obtain instruction on how to perform some task for our work or daily life.
c. To act in a play, play a game, do a puzzle.
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d. To keep in touch with friends by correspondence or to understand
business letter. e.
To know where on when something will take a place or what is available.
f. To know what is happening or has happened.
g. For enjoyment or excitement.
7. The Factors Influencing Reading Comprehension
Dallman 1982: 165 points out the factors influencing the reading comprehension as follows:
a. External Factors:
1 Difficulty of material: difficult material that is beyond the students’
level is one of the major causes of lack of comprehension. 2
Intelligence: a students’ ability to comprehend in reading is sometimes limited by his mental ability enabling him to carry. The
intelligence of the reader will influence the capacity of the reader in comprehending passage.
3 Environment: the extent of the environment affects comprehension
varies with individuals. 4
Teacher’ s method: method of teaching that concentrate on the recognition of individual words without neglecting attention to
meaning assists the students’ quality in comprehending the text.
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b. Internal Factors:
1 Motivation is one of the important factors of learners in reading
comprehension. 2
Self-esteem has
important role
in developing
reading comprehension. It is a human being personality that is active, highly
confident. 3
Self-actualization, is one of the basic physical needs, students have a feeling to create and improve their ability in reading to be best.
8. The Types of Classroom Reading Performance
