xxv Includes
International ,
National ,
Washington ,
Business ,
Technology ,
Science ,
Health ,
Sports ,
New York Region ,
Education ,
Weather ,
Obituaries , and
Corrections.
2 Opinion
Includes Editorials
, Op-Eds
and Letters to the Editor
.
3 Features
Includes Arts
, Books
, Movies
, Theater
, Travel
, NYC Guide, Dining Wine
, Home Garden,
Fashion Style
, Crossword
Games, Cartoons
, Magazine
, and Week in Review
www.nytimes.com
F. Arab News
Arab News was firstly published in Riyadh as a weekly on August, 13
th
1975. The Arab News was published by the Saudi Arabian Government. In 1986, its owner
turned it into daily newspaper. In 1999 The Arab News went online, giving access to readers all over the world on the web at
www.arabnews.com .
As a part of government’s Medias, Arab News places its position into moderate newspaper which supports the government’s policies. Even the Saudi Arabian
Government often uses this newspaper to deliver their policies, information, or decisions to the citizen. The Arab News also has a function as place of all citizens to give their
opinions, criticism, or suggestions to the government Arab News divides its pages into 8 columns, namely kingdom, World, Islam,
Business, Sports, Features, Local Press, and Site Map. The Features itself divides into
xxvi Arts, Books, Movies, Travel, Cartoons, Week in review, Home and Garden, and
Multimedia. The distribution of each column is as follows. The lead story covered the news of Saudi Arabian Government is on the first page and is oftenly written by the Chief
Editor. General international news in World column appears on the second page, third page covers the business news, Islam news on the fourth and editorials and opinions is on
the fifth, sport news covers the sixth page, the next two pages cover the features of Arab News. The last page, and the last-read, gives Local Press including the headlines of other
newspapers in Saudi Arabia.
G. Tsunami Wave
On December 26, 2004, a tsunami in the Indian Ocean devastated coastal areas of Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, India, Somalia, Myanmar, and others, causing more
than 225,000 fatalities and leaving more than five million people homeless. This tsunami was triggered by an intense underwater earthquake 6.2 miles below the ocean
floor registering 9.0 on the Richter scale
, the strongest earthquake since 1964
. This was the first tsunami to occur in the Indian Ocean in over 100 years.
The word “Tsunami” derived from Japanese term which has meaning as a wave in the harbor. In South America, the term maremoto is frequently used, however the
use of the word tsunami is most commonly accepted by scientists and becomes formal term to describe the wave.
A tsunami is a system of gravity waves formed in the sea as a result of a large- scale disturbance of sea level over a short duration of time. A tsunami can be generated
by submarine volcanic eruptions, by displacement of submarine sediments, by coastal
xxvii landslides into a bay or harbor, by meteor impact, or by vertical displacement of the
earths crust along a zone of fracture which underlies or borders the ocean floor. A tsunami is not one wave, but a series of waves. The time that elapses between
passages of successive wave crests at a given point usually is from 10 to 45 minutes. The destructive wave may continue for several hours, and several days may pass before the
sea returns to its normal state. Tsunamis travel outward in all directions from the generating area, with the direction of the main energy propagation generally being
orthogonal to the direction of the earthquake fracture zone. Their speed depends on the depth of water, so that the waves undergo accelerations and decelerations in passing over
an ocean bottom of varying depth. In the deep and open ocean, they travel at speeds of 500 to 1,000 kilometers per hour 300 to 600 miles per hour. The distance between
successive crests can be as much as 500 to 650 kilometers 300 to 400 miles; however, in the open ocean, the height of the waves may be no more than 30 to 60 centimeters 1
or 2 feet, and the waves pass unnoticed. The tsunamis are waveform extends through the entire water column from sea surface to the ocean bottom. It is this characteristic that
accounts for the great amount of energy transmitted by a tsunami. http: news.bbc.co.uk south_asia
H. The Rebellion of Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam LTTE
