The influence of unconscious mind of Rachel’s personality development is the main topic of this research.
B. Review of Related Theories
1. Theory of Character and Characterization
According to M.H Abrams, the character is a distinctive type of person. It is to make differences to other characters. The characters themselves are the
people that are represented in a dramatic or narrative work. All characters usually have different characteristic in order to make a dynamic story. Abrams adds:
Characters are the persons represented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with particular moral,
intellectual, and emotional qualities by influences from what the persons say and their distinctive ways of saying it-the dialogue-and from what they
do-the action. 1999: 32.
Abrams also states that as individuals presented in the story, characters have the same characteristics as real human beings. They have temperament, desires,
and moral nature for their speeches and actions are called motivation. In the story, characters can be stable or unchanged from beginning to end or may be able to be
undergoing radical change through its development. Abrams, 1999: 33. According to Murphy in his book Understanding Unseen, there are nine
attempts to acknowledge characteristics and behavior of characters, to make the characters become understandable by the reader. The first one is personal
description of the author where the author describes the person’s appearance and clothes. Then, character as seen by others where the author describes him through
the eyes and opinions of another. By the speech of the character the author gives insights into the character through what the other person says. Whenever a person
speaks, whenever he is in a conversation with the other, whenever he puts forward an opinion, the author gives the clue of his character. Next, is about past life
where the author makes the reader learn something about a person’s past life. The author gives a clue for the shape of his character. From conversation of others the
author also gives clues to a person’s character through the conversations that say about him. The author also gives clues by showing the reaction of the character to
various situation and events. While through direct comment, the author describes or comments on a person’s character directly. Then through what character
thought, the author gives the readers knowledge of what the person thinking about. The last is manner, where the author shows a person mannerism and habits,
which may also tell the readers something about his character. Murphy, 1972: 161-173
2. Theory of Psychoanalysis and Personality
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