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CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Mass Media
Communication plays an important role for people in doing interaction with others. They can communicate and transfer their ideas or news with others by
means of mass media. According to Muda 2003: 25, the media airing the news can be classified into two; printed and electronic media. Printed media carry the
messages through the sense of sight, for example newspaper, magazine, brochure, booklet, etc. While electronic media carry the messages through visual and
auditory sense such as television and through the auditory sense such as radio.
Table 1. The differences between printed and electronic media No
Printed Media Electronic Media
1. The reader must be able to read
The audience listener must not be able to read
2. Can be read
Can be listened or watched 3.
We can delay reading the news We can not delay listening or
watching the news 4.
Do not need special place Need special place
5. Space and time are limited
Space and time are broader 6.
Easy to be documented Need devices to record
7. The distribution is limited
The distribution is not limited 8.
Written form Written, audio and visual form
Previously, communication using printed media was called press. But now, press refers to all journalistic activities through printed or electronic media
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and internet Kusumaningrat, 2009: 17. Nowadays, the advance of technology influences the development of media. People can not only find and share
information through television, radio or newspaper, but also use internet as a means of communication. Internet provides cheaper and faster way to
communicate with others. Further, Merril 1997 in Kusumaningrat 2009: 21 states that there are
five requirements for press or mass media which is responsible to the society: 1. Media must present reliable, comprehensive and smart daily news. It.
means that the media has to be honest on what it presents, separate the fact and opinion and be responsible to the society.
2. Media must have a function as a forum to exchange comment and criticism.
3. Media must present the picture or image which is appropriate and represents the news delivered. It aims to avoid the wrong point of view
of the society. 4. Media must present and explain the purposes and the values of the
society because media is one of educational instruments which have to succeed educational programs.
5. Media must provide full access towards the hidden information.
B. Newspaper
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