53
example, the plural of mouse is mice. There is one plural noun in heavy type in each of the following sentences. If the plural is regular, write
R
. If it is irregular, write
I
.
11. Larry bought two bikes. 12. I ate carrots for dinner.
13. We have mice in the cellar. 14. Bring the tickets with you.
15. We saw many deer by the lake. 16. Bears sleep during the winter.
17. I herded the sheep into the pen. 18. Bob caught four trout today.
E. Bring me
a
book. Take
every
picture with you. The words
a
and
every
are usually followed by a noun or a noun phrase. For that reason,
a
and
every
are sometimes called
noun markers
. Some other common noun markers are:
an, the, my, your, his, her, its, our
, and
their
. For each sentence below, write the noun marker and the noun that follows it.
19. Button your overcoat
20. I exercise every day.
21. Her dog barked at me.
22. Bring something for my rabbit.
23. Their house is on fire
24. The horse is neighing.
25. I know your brother.
26. Please drive us to our farm.
F. I rose from my seat to pick a rose. The English language has some words that
have different meanings even though they are spelled alike and sound alike. Such words are sometimes called homographs. Read each pair of sentences below.
54 Write
Hom
if the two words in heavy type have different meanings if they are homographs. Write
same
if the two words are identical not homo -graphs. 27.
If the doorbell had rung, I would have answered it. She‟s standing on the bottom rung of the ladder.
28. What kind of cake do you like?
Ruth is kind to her little brother. 29.
We had to leave the room. Don‟t leave without me. 30.
Please open the door for me. Don‟t open the window. 31.
This hat is made of felt. I felt the rough cloth. 32.
Don‟t move your hand. The car wont move. 33.
Please row the boat to shore. I live in that row of houses.
Use Your Imagination
Now that you have read this story, see if you can think up your own make-believe animal. Draw a picture of the creature. When you‟ve finished your picture, show it to a
friend.
55
LESSON 9 TEXT 1
THE MANATEE
A manat ee is a strange -looking creature. Underwat er it looks like a huge gre y balloon. From tai l to nos e, i t i s thi rt y -six m et ers t wel ve feet
long. It has sm all flippers at t he front of its bod y and no hind l egs . Although it cannot exist out of the water, it needs ai r to breat he.
Manatees
In spit e of their great size, manat ees are gentl e. The y eat nothing but underwat er pl ant s. When fri ghtened, the y S peed awa y at twent y-four
kilom et ers fi ft een m iles an hour. Although there once were thous ands of m anat ees, onl y some t wel ve
hundred rem ain. And the y are threatened b y t he propell ers of power boats, b y vandal s who s hoot them for thrills , and b y hunt ers who kill them for
thei r m eat. More and more, manatees are safe onl y in Evergl ades National Park in Florida.
1. Manatees are found
a. onl y in wat er b. onl y on land
c. bot h in wat er and on l and
56 d. The arti cl e does not s a y.
2. From tail to nose, a manatee measures
a. 16 met ers b. 20 m et ers
c. 30 met ers d. 36 m et ers
3. Manatees live on a diet of
a. underwater pl ants b. sm all fi sh
c. rats and other sm all creat ures d. coconut flowers
4. Manatees are capable of speeds up to
a. 10 kilom et ers an hour b. 14 ki lom et ers an hour
c. 20 kilom et ers an hour d. 24 ki lom et ers an hour
5. One strange thing about the manatee is that it has no
a. hind l egs b. e yes
c. stom ach d. backbone
6. According to the article, manatees are found in
a. Illi nois b. Flori da
c. S outh C arolina d. M ass achus etts
7. Manatees are now threatened mainly by
a. sharks b. drought s
c. hum ans d. di seas es
57
TEXT 2 The Tin Lizzie
By Peter Spier
1
In the first years of this century the streets, highways, and country roads looked very different from the way they appear today.
2
Bicycles were widely used, but horses were the most common means of transportation. Horses pulled trolleys, fire engines, carriages, and various other city
vehicles. And in the country, horses did most of the work, pulling cultivators, harvesters, and other form equipment.
Tin Lizzie photos 1908
3
Gradually, strange motor-driven vehicles, the first “horseless carriages,” began
appearing on the streets. They made a racket, smelled awful and scared horses and passersby alike; but everybody got used to them, even the horses.
4
Early in May l909 a brand-new Model T touring car-the world would know it as a Tin Lizzie-rolled out of a great factory in Detroit, Michigan, in the northern United
States. On that some day, fifty-six other Model Ts were built.
5
A few days later, two Model Ts arrived on a train in a small town in the midwestern United States. The local car dealer was waiting at the station; once his Model
Ts had been unloaded and tied one behind the other, a team of horses slowly pulled them over the old rutted dirt road into town.
6
Many persons came to inspect and admire the cars; among the first was George Bamhart, who owned the feed store.
58
7
One morning Barnhort and his entire family went to the car dealers showroom to buy a Model T. After spending almost an hour learning how to operate the Tin Lizzie,
Barnhart drove his entire family all over the town. Wherever they went, people stopped to stare and exclaim,
“Look at that car-just look at that great new car.
8
When they returned home, Barnhart and his children pulled their carriage out of the stable and carefully backed Tin Lizzie inside. Happy days followed, as Barn-hart used
his car more and more, for pleasure trips or an occasional business trip.
9
Tin Lizzie was well cared for. Her brass was kept immaculately polished and Mr. Barnhart often went to the stable to buff the lanterns even when it was not really called
for. Some problems occurred occasionally, as when the engine quit six miles out of town, and Barnhart had to walk home to get his horse to tow them back to his house.
10
The children grew up and, in time, the two oldest were allowed to drive the Model T.
11
In 1920, when the Tin Lizzie was eleven years old, and after it had travelled many, many miles, Barnhort traded it in for a new car.
12
The dealer repaired the Model T, and waxed and polished it until it gleamed like new. But several weeks passed before it was finally bought by a young couple, who
lavished every bit as much care and attention on it as George Barnhart had years before.
13
The husbands employment took them far away from the small midwestern town and Tin Lizzie was driven west to California.
14
There were some problems, such as the time the Model T was hit by a truck, and occasionally parts required replacement-but that was to be expected. Those were happy
years indeed, because the young couple drove the Model T on trips as well as to work.
15
One day the Tin Lizzie was driven at top speed to take the young husband and wife to the hospital. Several days later, the Tin Lizzie was driven back to pick up the wife
and a new baby This happened three more times over the next six years.
16
In 1929, the husband decided to buy a new car, and so, for the second time, the Tin Lizzie was traded in.
59
17
Times were hard in l929, and nearly a year passed before Lizzie was finally sold to a farmer. Lizzie did different work now: carrying milk cans from distant fields, pulling
heavy loads of hay, and hauling manure,
18
The Model T began to show its age and the signs of the difficult work. The rear seats had been removed long ago, the stuffing of the front seat was showing through the
tom leather, and one of the lamps hung at an angle. Late in T945, Tin Lizzie was finally retired behind the barn next to some ancient farm equipment.
19
The farmers children often played in and about the Tin Lizzie until they outgrew that sort of thing. Occasionally, friends of the farmer would
“borrow” parts of the old vehicle, for many of them still had Model Ts of their own. Each spring after the
last rain had fallen the Tin Lizzie had a bit more rust and a few more rips and tears in its top.
20
Meanwhile, some things had changed: horses had disappeared from the farm, and their work was done by a tractor. Also, passing cars looked different each year.
21
One day, bulldozers, Scrapers, and earth movers came, building a great superhighway near the farm. Not long afterwards, o curious procession moved past the
farm; thirty-four old cars, shining and sparkling like new, on their way to an antique car rally. The driver of one car spotted Tin Lizzies shape half hidden by weeds, and he
mentally noted the exact location of his discovery.
22
The following weekend he returned, and after looking Tin Lizzie over, knocked on the front floor of the farmhouse and asked the fanner if he would be interested in
selling the Model T.
23
The farmer said, “I might, and then again, I might not.” However, he sold Tin
Lizzie then and there.
24
A few days later, the new owner come to fetch the Model T, and the farmer actually received more money for the Tin Lizzie than he had paid for it over forty years
earlier.
25
The new owner was o successful businessman, and a skilled amateur mechanic as well, who loved old cars, and over the next two and a half years, he lovingly restored
Lizzie. He hunted all over the country for parts that were missing, and he painstakingly rebuilt the engine and the body.
60
26
Finally the day arrived when Lizzie was moved out of the garage, and there the Model T stood reborn, shimmering in the sunlight, looking exactly as it had on the day it
was built. The man who had wrought this miracle was just as happy as George Barnhart had been over half a century before.
27
On beautiful weekends Tin Lizzie goes for drives in the country, on picnics, and to antique car rallies. People in other cars slow down as they pass, and turn their heads,
and the children will always say, “Wow Did you see that old car?”
28
In the city, crowds gather wherever Lizzie is parked; and wherever the Model T goes, people stop and say,
“Oh, look at that car, just look at that great old car”
How Well Did You Read? A. Write T if the statement is true according to the story. Write F if the statement is
false.
l The main purpose of the story is to describe the history of transportation.
2 Review paragraph 2. The main purpose of that paragraph is to establish that horses were a common means of transportation before the automobile came into use.
3 Review paragraph 3. That paragraph shows that when cars first appeared they were considered to have several unattractive features.
4 Review paragraph 15. The main purpose of that paragraph is to show that the Model T played an impor
tant part in the young couple„s lives. 5 Review paragraph l8. The main purpose of that paragraph is to show that all the
Model Ts owners treated the car with loving care and respect.
B.The sentences below describe events in the story. Put the four events in the correct order by lettering each one a, b, c, or d.
6 The Model T was sold to a farmer. 7 The new owner restored the Model T to its original condition.
8 A procession of antique cars passed the farm. 9 George Barnhart traded in the Model T for a new car.
61
Learn about Words Vocabulary
C. You can often tell the meaning of a word by reading the words around it. Look at each number in parentheses. Find the paragraph in the story with the
same number. Then find the word that fits the given meaning. Write the word.
1 loud noise; commotion 3 2 drive; control 7
3 spotlessly 9 4 mended; put in good condition 12
5 hard 18 6 very oldl8
7 odd 21 8 nonprofessional 25
Word Study D The fox was in the henhouse.
I pointed to the picture.
The words in heavy type are prepositional phrases. Every prepositional phrase begins with a preposition such as in or to and ends with a noun. Some other common
prepositions are:
at, by, for, into, of, and up
. If the words in heavy type are
prepositional phrases, write PP. If they are not, write No.
1 We walked by the library on our way home.
2 I live in a small town. 3 May I borrow that book?
4 Jan goes to the new school. 5 We camped by a running stream.
6 Gerta bailed the water out of the boat. 7 Freddie tainted when I told him the bad news.
8 Lannie climbed up the hill and waved to us from the top.
62
E Here are some more common prepositions: before, after, over, under, about, and like. Each sentence below contains two words in heavy type. If the two
words are prepositions, write Prep. If they are not prepositions, write No.
19 She walked over the hill and under the bridge. 20 Janet went into the house at noon.
21 Help me hem this dress. 22 Sally went to school before nine.
23 My sister rushed out to meet me. 24 Jock hung the picture on the wall.
25 I jumped over the hurdle like a champion. 26 The plate shattered when I dropped it.
63
LESSON 10 TEXT 1
The Making of Sugar
Norbert Ri lli eux was born a slave in the Unit ed St at es. His m other was a sl ave, his fat her m ast er of a pl antation. Hi s fat her sent
him to France to be educat ed. He becam e an engi neer. When he ret urned to New Orl eans , he was freed.
Rillieux want ed t o find a cheaper wa y to make sugar. It cost s o much that onl y the ri ch could bu y it . The poor used hone y.
Norbert Rill ieux `s pat ent m odel He made a vacuum pan and vacuum chamber t hat changed t he wa y
sugar was m ade. But producers would not use the new m ethod. Dis cou raged, Rilli eux went to Europe. He t ri ed t o int erest producers there
in hi s m ethod. Aft er t en years, som e began to use it. He improved it , and finall y
Ameri can producers used it t oo. Rilli eux made it pos sibl e for ever yone t o have sugar.
1. Norbert Rillieux wanted to find a cheaper way to make
a. pepper b. s ugar
c. ri ce d. tobacco
2. Ril1ieux‟s method made use of
a. two pots over a fi re
64 b. a vacuum pan and a vacuum chamber
c. a long tube under a pot d. t wo m agnets i n a chamber
3. Rillieux‟s father was
a. the m ast er of a plantati on b. a French engineer
c. a Briti sh writ er d. the invent or of t he pepper mill
4. When Rillieux returned to New Orleans he was
a. sold to a di fferent mast er b. s ent back t o France
c. given his freedom d. s ent nort h to live
5. Rillieux tried to interest producers in his method in
a. Am erica and Europe b. South Am erica and Africa
c. C hina and Russi a d. Aust rali a and New Zeal and
6. Rillieux was trained as
a. an engi neei b. a chemist
c. an ast ronomer d. a m athem ati ci an
7. Producers at first
a. would not us e t he new m ethod b. used the new met hod and went back t o the old
c. us ed the new m ethod and approved it d. The arti cl e does not s a y.
65
TEXT 2
The Wisdom of Solomon
When it‟s hard to know how to deal with a problem, you may hear some-one say” This calls f
or the Wisdom of Solomon. ” This story from the Bible is the source of that saying.
When King David of Israel died, his son Solomon became king. Solomon was a good king who always sought to guide his nation and its people well.
King Solomon of Israel Therefore God looked on Solomon with favor. One night, God appeared to him in
a dream. He asked Solomon, “What do you desire above all else?” Solomon considered. Then he said, “A Wise and understanding heart-that is what
I most desire. For then I can judge between right and wrong and rule my people justly.” God was pleased with this reply and promised to give Solomon the wisdom he de-sired.
The next day, Solomon remembered his dream. Had God really granted him his wish? Or did he just imagine it? And how could he know?
Then something happened that proved the king ‟s wisdom. Two women came
before him. The first sai d, “My Lord, this woman and I live in the same house. A short
time back, I gave birth to a baby boy. Three days later, this woman gave birth to a baby boy also. She and I were the only ones present. No one else was there.
“One night, this woman‟s child died. She got up sometime during the night. While I slept, she took my son from my side and placed him in her own bed. Then she laid her
dead son next to me. “When I awoke, I looked into the my baby‟s face. I knew it was not child. Great
king, you must make h er give me back my baby “
66 The other woman, who held the baby in her arms, cried, “No This is my own son.
It was her son that died Great king, do not listen to her, for she only wants to steal my child”
The first woman replied, “Oh, that is false How can you tell such a wicked lie?” Back and forth they argued.
Since no other person had been present, no one could give any more information. It was the word of one woman against the other. How could Solomon judge which one
told the truth? He looked from one
woman to the other. Then he said, “Each of you claims to be the child‟s mother. There is only one way to satisfy you both.”
He asked a servant for a sword. Then he said, “I will cut the child in two. Each woman may have half of it.”
The first woman let o ut a scream of anguish. “My Lord,” she cried, “you must not
kill the child Give him to her if you must- but please don‟t kill him”
The second woman held forth the baby. “My king, you are just,” she said. “It is right to divide the child between us. Theref
ore, let it be done.” Then the king said, “Give the child to the first woman, for she is the boy‟s true
mother.” Solomon knew that no mother would willingly let her child be cut in two. Indeed,
he had never intended to do it. But by threatening to do it, he caused the truth to come out
How Well Did You Read? Write the letter of the best answer for each question.
1. Why did God look with favor on Solomon?
a. Solomon was King David‟s son, and God had always loved David.
b. Solomon was the wisest man who ever lived. c. Solomon always did his best for his nation and people.
2. Why did Solomon ask for wisdom?
a. He wanted to be famous as the wisest man in the world. b. He wanted to be fair and just to his people.
67 c. He wanted to impress the nation of Israel.
3. Why was the first woman willing to let the other woman have the baby?
a. She didn‟t want her son to be killed.
b. She felt great pity for the other woman. c. She suddenly saw that she had made a mistake.
4. What was the first woman?
a. A loving mother b. A baby-stealer
c. A liar 5.
What was the second woman? a. A busy housewife
b. A liar c. A single parent
6. “A Solomonic decision” probably means one of the following. Which?
a. A decision by just one person b. A decision that pleases everyone
c. A wise and difficult decision
Learn about Words Vocabulary
A. You can often tell the meaning of word by reading the words around it.
