The moral values in Le Contes du Chat Perché as the learning materials.

3. The moral values in Le Contes du Chat Perché as the learning materials.

In general, lit erat ure including t he fables cont ains about w orldview of life’s principles and moral values. As it is rich of moral values and w ise behaves, so t hat t hrough t he charact ers inside t he st ory or fables, t he aut hor w ish t o offer some ideals life for t he readers. As it is ment ioned above, some charact ers namely t he Pig, t he Cat , t he Tiger, t he Wolf, in t he fable collect ion of Les Cont es du Chat Perché, w rit t en by M arcel Aymé is significant ly int erest ing t o be discuss as t hey have dominant roles. According t o st ruct uralism t heory of lit erat ure, a main charact er is defined as individuals w ho experienced some or most of t he sequence of event s and serves as t he main driving st ory Schmit t , 1982:63. In general, in a fable t here is more t han one charact ers. Among t hose charact ers, t here w ill be one or m ore w ho act as t he main charact ers. These main charact ers usually called as t he hero, or prot agonist figures. The hero figure is keep seeking t he aut hent ic values w it hin t he degraded w orld Faruk, 1994:18. This definit ion begins w it h underst anding about t he concept of a charact er in Goldmann’s concept w hich means t he st ory about t he degraded of degraded aut hent ic values in a w orld w hich is also being degraded. The search w as conduct ed by a problemat ic hero t he hero. The hero figure prot agonist serves as t he lead charact er along w it h t he ant agonist charact ers. In accordance w it h t he roles, a hero charact er plays an im port ant role as t he cent er of t he sequences in t he st ory Schm it t , 1982:64. The charact ers have t he posit ions and funct ions of each part in t he st ory w hen t hey have been involved in side t he st ory from being t he figures, w hich depict s t he individualist , act ions, w ays of t hinking, and t he life Chat man, 1980:170-108. Les Cont es du Chat Perché have animal charact ers t hat behave like human beings. They speak, behave, act , t hink, and feel just as t he same as t he human beings do. In Les Cont es du Chat Perché, some prot agonist charact ers w ho w ell behave are represent ed by t he Cat , t he Cow , t he Goose, t he Dog, t he Chicken, t he Wolf, t he Tiger, and t he Pig. While t he ant agonist charact ers w ho misbehave are represent ed by t he Fox, t he Peacock, t he Eagle, t he Donkey, and t he Goose. The Cow is a prot agonist w ho can read and count . For t he Cow t here w ill be no day w it hout reading and count ing. The Cow is kind of animal w ho represent a smart t hinker and loves philosophy. Furt her, please have a look at t his follow ing quot at ion. “ J’ai t rop de respect pour la science et la philosophie” . Ce boeuf blanc ét ait un boeuf t rès savant , qui savait lire dans les livres les plus difficiles. Pourvu qu’il fut de bonne humeur, il conseillait volont iers les bêt es dans l’embarras. “ I am very fond w it h science and philosophy” . That is a very clever cow , w ho is able t o read all kind of books as hard as it can be. Besides, he is alw ays lovable and deliberat ely like t o advise t he ot her anim als t hat oft en m ake t roubles. Unlike t he Cow w ho is described as t he prot agonist hero charact er, t he Fox and t he Eagle figures w ho are port rayed as ant agonist charact ers who pret end t o be good w it h t he Chicken and w ish t o make friend w it h—w hen t hey w ill act ually w ish t o size eat t he Chicken. This can be seen in t he follow ing monologue deliveredby t he Chicken. Quand j’y pense. Ah Je suis en colère, vous savez Figurez-vous que cet t e nuit , le renard est venu roder aut our du poulailler pour la t roisièm e fois depuis quinze jours. Au secours Il y a une buse qui veut m e m anger When I am t hinking about t hat , ah, I am upset . Will you believe me, t he night w hen t he Fox cam e around m y cage for t he t hird t im e in t his w eek? Oh please, t here is Eagle w ho w ould eat m e as it s prey The ot her animals from t he prot agonist charact er namely t he Duck, is port rayed as a w ise leader w ho w ill deliver some advices, suggest ions and w arnings t o ot her animals. The Duck is also oft en lead some meet ings w it h t he ot her animals t o solve t he problem. It can be said t hat t he descript ion of t he Duck charact er in Les Cont es du Chat Perché is not only as figure of a w ise leader, but also a good list ener w ho alw ays gives t he best solut ion for every problem appeared. The Duck also described as an animal w ho likes t o learn Geography. As he w as so diligence, t herefore he w as able t o break free from t he bad t hreat of t he Tiger. The Duck answ ered all t he Geography quest ions launched by t he Tiger. Besides t he st ory of t he Duck figure ment ioned above, t he st ory of t he duckling seem t o be int erest ing t oo. This Duckling refused t o be t aught by her mot her on how t o cat ch fish. In fact , t he Duckling w as so lazy t o learn how t o cat ch a fish. She alw ays hope t hat her mot her w ill serve t he fish for her. One day she saw t he Goose family w ere enjoying cat ch fish in t he river. Wit hout first asking permission from her mot her, t he Duckling meet t he lit t le Goose and t hey off looking for fish t oget her. Unfort unat ely t hey t ook a different pat hs, t hen separat ed. The Duckling w ent up t o t he headw at ers. When he w as alone, not so far from his spot , he saw a snake sw allow ed a frog. The lit t le Duckling w as so afraid and cried, and st raight ly go back t o her mot her. He met t he mot her t o ask her apologize and promise not t o leave w it hout saying goodbye t o her. Furt her, he also promise t o t ell a lie anymore. The mot her Duck lovingly forgive t he lit t le Ducking. This st ory about t he lit t le Ducking charact er illust rat ed above is similar t o t ypical st ory of children’s problem in real life t oday. A child somet imes w ant ed t o get aw ay from home and t hen ret urned home t o st ay t oget her w it h t he fat her, t he mot her, brot her and sist er w it h a new aw areness and feeling about t he w armt h and secure of living in a family. The st ory of t he Duck and t he ot her animals in Les Cont es du Chat Perché w rit t en M arcel Aymé show ing t he moralit y values. Some st ories of happiness, sadness and t hrilling advent ures w ere experienced by different animal figures. These gave us some lessons about t he values of life t hat w e have t o face and deal w it h any sit uat ion in our lives. Some moral values such as self-sacrifice based on good purposes, responsibilit y, honest y, compassion, passion, st ruggle, st rengt h, courage, and helping each has been coloring t he st ories in t his collect ion of fable. The st ories inside t he collect ion of fable Les Cont es du Chat Perché w rit t en M arcel Aymé w hose full of m oral values also present t he equilibrium bet w een human being and animals. All are t he same creat ures. Some similarit ies can be seen in t he figurat ive aspect s, charact er aspect s, feelings, and human expressions in social order and also in t he conversat ion done by t he charact ers in t he st ory. Each of animal charact er represent s a cert ain t ype of human being and a social t ype. In lit erat ure t erm t his is w hat w e call st ory is a reflect ion of real life. In t his case, lit erat ure has a role serves as a medium for applicat ion of moral values t o it s readers. Through t he lect ure of fables, t he aut hor offered some different kind of life w hich can be regarded as an example in social communit y. But w hen t hose moral values w hich can be found in t he st ory of t he fable do not mat ch w it h t he moral of t he societ y, t herefore t he readers w ill easily leave t he w it hout paying any at t ent ion. The readers w ill consider t hat t hose moral values w ere just an et iquet t e. It is hoped t hat t he collect ion of t he fable ent it led Les Cont es du Chat Perché w rit t en by M arcel Aymé in French lit erat ure can serve as complement t o t he variet y of lit erary genres t hat not only are ent ert aining but also giving advant ages. It seems t hat t hrough some animal charact ers in fables, t he int ernalizat ion process of moral values can be implement ed easily t o t he readers, especially for t he children as t hey need t o learn a lot about t he m oral values. Build-up t he moral values in human being’s life t hrough t he reading of lit erat ure only can be reached t hrough a long process. One of French philosophy named Jean Jacques Rousseau 1712—1778 emphasized t he im port ance of m oral development in relat ion t o lit erary readings. Furt her he said fant asy including t he fable can be used as a medium in developing children imaginat ion, as w ell as insert ing t he moral value t o t hat t hose value w ill st ay t here in t he life of t he children and get t ing st ronger as t hey grow up. Furt her Rousseau said, t he moral values in t he lit erat ure implicit ly appears t o disguise in various series of evident . That is w hy lit erat ure as m oral learning mat erials never get rigid and even t aught dogmat ically in inst illing moral values t o t he readers.

4. Conclusion.