information that students got. Teaching and learning process need media to facilitate teachers and students to reach the goals of study.
2.4.1 The Role of Using Media in Teaching and Learning Processes
Media play important roles in teaching and learning processes. The followings are the brief explanation on the roles of media given by Sudjana and Rivai in
Kimtafsirah 1998:2-3: 1
To promote learning motivation. Students will be more interested in learning when, for example, the teacher uses television set as an instructional medium.
2 To enable learners to understand the message better.If the materials are
presented in a certain way such as by using media, definitely it will make students easier to understand the meaning.
3 To provide various kinds of teaching methods and techniques. By using
media, it means teachers provide various kind of teaching method, so learners do not feel bored and teachers themselves are not so exhausted.
4 To activate students to communicate with their friends in the target language.
Students can be more active since instead of listening to the teacher they can discuss the message or they can demonstrate it.
By using the media, the teacher can increase students‟ activeness during teaching learning process. The materials presented will make students easier to understand
because they are interested and they will learn enthusiastically.
2.4.2 Types of Media
Gerlach and Ely 1980: 247 divide media into six types: 1
Still Pictures A still picture is an image of real object or event which may be smaller or
bigger. It involves drawing, painting or photograph. 2
Audio Recording Audio recording is a record of voice or sound. It is usually used as listening
media. Teachers can use audio recording to the students individually or over a central sound system.
3 Motion Pictures
A motion picture is a moving image in color or black and white. It may be silent or with a sound. The example of motion picture is animated film which
is usually used in teaching and learning. 4
Television Television is an electrical equipment which can show moving image with
sound through its screen. Television can be used as an audio-visual medium. 5
Real Things, Simulations, and Models Real thing is the object itself. It is not represent another object or event.
Simulation is the replication of real events which can be used to teach someone to do something. Whereas, model is a copy or representation of an
object. A model can be a miniature, exact size or an enlargement.
6 Programmed and Computer-Assisted Instruction
This type of media is designed by using computer. By using this media, it is expected that the students are able to elicit more information.
For there are many various of media, it is expected that teachers can use media to help them in creating more interesting materials. They can also apply the
media in teaching and learning process in the classroom so that the students will be more active and communicative.
2.4.3 Clustering Technique
