Meliya Adriati,2013 THE USE OF CLUSTERING TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING WRITING NARRATIVE TEXT
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Chapter three presents the methodology in conducting this study. This chapter provides four main parts of the investigation: research design, data collection
technique, research procedures, and data analysis technique.
1.1 Research Design
This study chiefly employed quantitative method, particularly in design of quasi-experimental with non-randomized or non-equivalent pre-test and post-test
groups. Conforming to Lodico et al. 2006, this design was chosen for this study because it was unfeasible for the researcher to randomly assign individuals to certain
groups as they had already been in intact groups i.e. their class. The quasi-experimental design using non
equivalent pre-test and post-test
groups design is described as follows:
Group Pre-test
Treatment Post-test
Experimental O
1
X O
2
Control O
3
O
4
Meliya Adriati,2013 THE USE OF CLUSTERING TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING WRITING NARRATIVE TEXT
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
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Note:
—
X : the exposure of a group to an experimental variable
—
O : the process of observation or measurement Adapted from Cohen et al., 2007:283
Typically in researches which investigate relationship between object, it is very important for the researchers to figure out the variable in their study. A variable
can be defined as a specific noun that represents the variation in a class of objects Fraenkel and Wallen, 2006. Dealing with the variable in this study, clustering
technique became the independent variable which, as typical of experimental research, was controlled and manipulated intentionall
y. On the other hand, students’ narrative text writing score became the dependent variable that bore the effect of
experimental manipulation. In addition to determining the variable, stating one or more hypothesis is also
required in any experimental study. Hypothesis states a prediction of the possible results of the study Fraenkel and Wallen, 2006 and it generally falls into two types,
they are null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis. Null hypothesis states that, for example, there is no relationship between the tested variables or there is no change in
participants after the treatment. On the contrary, alternative hypothesis states the opposite; that there is relationship between the tested variables or there is change in
participants after the treatment Cohen et al., 2007. In this study, the two hypotheses were stated as the followings:
Meliya Adriati,2013 THE USE OF CLUSTERING TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING WRITING NARRATIVE TEXT
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
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H = There is no significant difference between students’ post-test scores in the
experimental group and students’ post-test scores in the control group. H
A
= Ther e is a significant difference between students’ post-test scores in the
experimental group and students’ post-test scores in the control group
1.2 Data Collection
