―The aim of reality principle is to prevent the discharge of tension until an object that is appropriate for the satisfaction of the need has been
discovered the reality principle suspends the pleasure principle temporarily. The secondary process is realistic thinking. By means of the secondary
process the ego formulates a plan for the satisfaction of the need and tests this plan, usually by some kinds of actions, to see whether or not it will
work‖. Hall and Lindzey. 1981: 37
3. The
Superego
The
Superego
is a part of the system of personality that contains values and rules Hall, 1985: 35. It is based on the moral principle that
contains ideals and punishment when someone has violated moral, social or ethics values. Its aim is to seek perfection.
―It is the internal representative or the traditional values and the ideals of society as interpreted to child by its parents, and enforce by means
of a system of reward and punishments imposed upon the child. The superego
is the moral arm personality; it represents the ideal rather than the real and it strives for perfection rather than pleasure. Its main concerns to
decide whether something is right or wrong so that it can act in accordance with the moral standards authorized by the agents of society‖ Hall and
Lindzey. 1981: 38.
The
superego
possesses two kinds of system, namely; the consciousness and the
ego
ideal. The conscious comes from experience with punishment for inappropriate behavior by giving the feeling of guilty.
Meanwhile, the
ego
ideal increases when human being is rewarded for appropriate behavior Feist, 1985; 27. Thus the
superego
leads human being to set up a goal which if it is achieved; it will create a sense of self-
esteem and pride. Therefore the
superego
always forces human being to behave well Hjelle and Ziegler, 1992: 91.
There are three functions of
superego
, namely: to inhibit the id, to persuade the
ego
to substitute moralistic goals for realistic ones, and to seek perfection in order that the individual can be a good member of
society Hall and Lindzey, 1981: 39. Therefore human being can decide whether something is right or wrong, good or bad, and moral or immoral
in accordance with standard authorized by the society.
C. Anxiety
Theory of psychoanalytic not only discusses the personality of human being comprehensively, but also covers the discussion about
anxiety. This theory is about useful to study the anxiety may occur to both a real human being and a character in a literary work.
Hall and Lindzey 1981: 30 state that anxiety is feeling experience that makes an individual hurt; this hurt is presented by the tension of the
internal part of the body. The tension it-self is caused by the internal and the external drives, for example when an individual gets a danger his heart
will beat faster, his mouth gets dry, and his hands get cold. According to Freud, anxiety is a felt, effective, unpleasant state;
accompanied by a physical sensation that warns the person against the impending danger Feist, 1985: 31. Thus, it can be concluded that anxiety
can warn human being about the danger that may come, so human being
about the danger that may come, so human being can prepare to anticipate it.
The cause of anxiety may be from the inner personality or the reality in the environment. The anxiety from the inner personality
develops out of the conflict between the system of the
id
and the
superego
Pervin and John, 1997: 86. The
id
makes individual to act without any consideration. The
id
seeks only for pleasure and avoids pain. In contrast,
superego
is full of values and norm that lead individual to behave well. Freud categorizes anxiety into three kinds, namely realistic
anxiety, neurotic anxiety, and moral anxiety.
1. Reality Anxiety
