MODALITY USED BY BADMINTON’S COMMENTATORS IN FINAL ALL ENGLAND CHAMPIONSHIP 2016.
MODALITY USED BY BADMINTON’S COMMENTATORS IN
FINAL ALL ENGLAND CHAMPIONSHIP 2016
A THESIS
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for The Degree of
Sarjana Sastra
By:
HESTINAWATI BR ZALUKU
Registration Number : 2123220019
:
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2016
ABSTRACT
Zalukhu, Hestinawati. 2123220019, Modality Used by Badminton’s
Commentators in Final All England Championship 2016. A Thesis. Faculty
of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
This study was about the Modality Used by Badminton’s Commentators in Final
All England Champioship 2016. There were three objectives in this study. First
was to identify the types of modality spoken by the badminton’s commentators.
Second was find the dominant type of the modality. The third was to intepret the
functions of the modality used by the badminton’s commentators. Descriptive
qualitative was used in this study. The data were taken from clauses delivered by
the badminton’s commentators in Women’s Doubles and Mixed Doubles group in
Final All England Championship 2016. The data of this study were analyzed by
using six steps; segmenting, identifying, classifying, calculating, finding, and
interpreting.There were 148 modalities found in 145 clauses in Women’s Doubles
and Mixed Doubles group. These modalities comprised of probability (61,9%),
usuality (3,4%), obligation (21%), andinclination (13,6%). Probability was the
most dominant type used by the badminton’s commentators. It was found that the
probability use to give the prediction of many possibilities of many situations
during the match and obligation use to strengthen the suggestion of the
badminton’s commentators. While the inclination use to describe the willingness
of the players and usuality showed a certain frequency.
Keywords:
modality, badminton’s commentator, probability.
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The greatest thanks to the Almighty God for the blessing and strength
given to the writer to complete her thesis as the partial of fulfillment of the
requirement for the degree of Sarjana Sastra at English and Literature Department,
Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
This thesis is not merely her own work but she has also been greatly
improved by the willing cooperation and assistance of a number of people in the
process of accomplishment. Therefore, the writer would like to express her deep
gratitude to:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of
Medan
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Arts, State University of Medan
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English and Literature
Department, Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Secretary of English and Literature
Department as well as Thesis Examiner.
Syamsul Bahri, S.S., M.Hum., as the Head of English Literature Program
and Nora Ronita Dewi, S.Pd., S.S., M.Hum, the Head of English
Education Program, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of
Medan
Dr. Rahmah, M.Hum., the first Thesis Advisor who has guided me and
supported the writer in finishing this research with a great patience.
ii
Dra. Sortha Silitonga, M.Pd., the second Thesis Advisor and also as the
Academic Advisor who gives her constructive criticisms and assistances
during completing this research
Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd., as the Thesis Examiner.
All Lecturers of English and Literature Department, Faculty of
Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
Eis Sri Wahyuni, M.Pd., the Administration Staff of English Department
for helping the writer in preparing all the fulfillment in conducting this
thesis
My beloved parents, Y. Zalukhu and U. Sitompul, for their love and
patience and keep support me in finishing this thesis.
My sisters and brother, Kenny Zalukhu, Very Zalukhu and Gwen
Zalukhu, who give their support for her in the good and bad times.
Her friends in English Literature A 2012. Susiyanti Siregar, Rina
Tobing, Sadariah and all her friends in English Literature A and B who
can’t be mentioned one by one for their support
Medan, 23 July 2016
The writer
Hestinawati br Zaluku
NIM. 2123220019
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Abstract .......................................................................................................... i
Acknowledgement ........................................................................................ ii
Table of Contents ........................................................................................ iv
List of Tables ............................................................................................... vi
List o Figures .............................................................................................. vii
List of Appendices ..................................................................................... viii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION................................................................ 1
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The Background of The Study ........................................................... 1
The Problems of The Study................................................................ 4
The Scopes of The Study ................................................................... 5
The Objectives of The Study.............................................................. 5
The Significances of The Study ......................................................... 5
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ........................................... 7
A. Theoretical Framework ...................................................................... 7
1. Systemic Functional Linguistics .................................................... 7
2. Metafunctions ................................................................................ 8
3. Interpersonal Functions ................................................................. 9
4. Modality ...................................................................................... 11
a. Definitions of Modality ......................................................... 11
b. Types of Modality ................................................................. 12
1) Modalization .................................................................. 12
2) Modulation .................................................................... 14
c. Orietation of Modality ........................................................... 16
d. Value of Modality.................................................................. 17
5. Comment ..................................................................................... 19
6. Badminton ................................................................................... 19
a. The History of Badminton ..................................................... 19
b. The Development of Badminton in Indonesia ....................... 19
c. Kinds of Badminton Tournament .......................................... 20
d. All England Championship 2016 .......................................... 21
e. Kinds of Sports Commentator ............................................... 21
1) Main Commentator .................................................... 21
2) Analyst or Color Commentator ................................. 22
iv
3) Sideline Reporter ....................................................... 22
4) Sports Presenter ......................................................... 22
5) Sportcaster ................................................................. 22
f. The role of Badminton’s Commentator ................................. 23
B. Relevant Studies ............................................................................... 24
C. Conceptual Framework .................................................................... 24
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .................................. 26
A.
B.
C.
D.
Research Design ............................................................................... 26
Source of Data .................................................................................. 26
Techniques of Data Collection ......................................................... 26
Techniques of Data Analysis ........................................................... 27
CHAPTER IV. DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS .................................... 28
A. Data ................................................................................................. 28
B. Data Analysis ................................................................................... 32
C. Research Finding.............................................................................. 39
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS........................ 43
A. Conclusions ...................................................................................... 43
B. Suggestions ...................................................................................... 43
REFERENCES ........................................................................................... 45
APPENDICES ............................................................................................ 47
v
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 2.1....................................................................................................... 13
Table 2.2....................................................................................................... 13
Table 2.3....................................................................................................... 17
Table 2.4....................................................................................................... 18
Table 2.5....................................................................................................... 18
Table 4.1....................................................................................................... 28
Table 4.2....................................................................................................... 30
Table 4.3....................................................................................................... 32
Table 4.4....................................................................................................... 33
vi
LIST OF FIGURES
Page
Figure 2.1 ..................................................................................................... 13
Figure 2.2 ..................................................................................................... 15
Figure 2.3 ..................................................................................................... 16
Figure 2.4 ..................................................................................................... 17
Figure 4.1 ..................................................................................................... 40
vii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Page
Appendix A .................................................................................................. 47
Appendix B .................................................................................................. 53
Appendix C .................................................................................................. 67
Appendix D .................................................................................................. 78
viii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of The Study
A communication occurs between two people, one making sounds or hand
movements which is called as the speaker and the other
as the hearer. A
communication is succesful if the idea that the hearer get is the same as what the
speaker intended the hearer to get. In general the purpose of the communication
itself is to transform the information or message.
A communication by using gesture or other forms of bodily movement is
called as a non verbal communication (Jackson, 1990:128). While the term of
verbal communication uses words or language. Language is an explicit, versatile
and extendable means of communicating messages. Languange itself as a tool of
verbal communication plays an important role in interaction of an individual to
others in society. Not only in the direct way but in this era of technology,
language also taking a crucial position such as in television broadcast. Television
now is the medium for modern people to getting the latest information. This
information comes from many area such as politics, economics, social , culture,
sport and etc.
In sports, language is also needed. For example, a commentator needs a
language in giving his statement or the analysis both in verbal and written
language. In a live sporting event the commentators provide of a sport event as the
1
2
action occurs. A sport commentator is very important in a live sport event because
it is light the match. So in this situation, the language used by the commentator is
very important because it can gives a positive or negative meanings for the
viewers about the match. In giving the statements, the commentators use modality
which is analyzed in this study from the linguistics perspective.
Language itself is learnt scientifically in the field of linguistics, and the
modern approach of which is called Systemic Functional Linguistics, also known
as Functional Grammar, found by MAK Halliday (Halliday and Matthiessen,
2004: 40).
Giving an opinion can be expressed in the two different ways, verbal and
written. One of many examples in written ways is on newspaper. In newspaper
editorial , modality is a special importance in that editorial writers tend to make
use of this property to establish either a favorable or unfavorable bias throughout
the text to manipulate their readers’ opinion (Bonyadi, 2011). He took textual
analysis of the selected editorials culled from the American newspaper, The New
York Times, and the Persian English newspaper, Tehran Times. He found that the
higher number of the predictive modals in NYT suggested the idea that
identifying what would happen in the future was the main concern of the editorial
writers in NYT. On the other hand, comparing the modals of necessity in the two
papers suggested that editorial writers in Tehran Times were occupied with what
should be done.
3
Almost similar, modality in statement based on article abstract research is
defined defined as the grammaticalisation of speaker’s attitude and opinions. It is
characterised to convey speaker’s or writer’s involvement in the propositional
content of a given utterance ( Olaniyan and Adeniji, 2015). For data, they used
objective statements segments of three hundred abstracts of research articles
obtained from the internet and purposively selected were analysed using insights
from the linguistic tool of modality. It is found four categories of modal
auxiliaries namely; possibility, necessity, prediction and permission modals.
Possibility modals are used in stating analytical scope and research goal in the
abstracts; necessity modals are employed in stating analytical scope, presenting
argument, seeking permission and/or making polite request; and prediction
models are used in stating the researchers’ research missions in predictive form.
A liitle bit different in the way of expressing the opinion, modality used by
the debaters is to emphasize the subjectivity of their points of view so as to make
one’s statement more assertive (Yuyun, 2010). Eventhough this study doesn’t has
the same objects but the arguments spoken by the debaters are also spontaneous
just like the comment delivered by a live sport event’s commentator.
There are eight linguistics features in the comment delivered by football
commentators, they are simpilification, word orders, prefaces and tags, result
expressions, tense, modality, modifiers, and metaphors (Humpolik, 2014).
Eventhough the writer didn’t observed what kind of modality within football
4
commentar spesifically but this study has given a significant contribution for the
researcher .
Based on two previous study, there’s a same defintion between argument
and comment. In an argument the speaker presents a point of view and attempts
to persuade others of the validity of his or her opinion (Feez & Joyce, 1998:148).
In another hand, commentary is generally understood as a spoken account of the
speaker’s opinion in a event which are actually taking place (Crystal and Davy,
1969). So the argument and the comment have taking the same definition of
someone opinion’s of an issue or an event.
Based on the explanation above, then writer choose the topic of modality
used by the badminton’s commentators because eventhough there were a lot of
study about modality conducted by the previous researchers, but the information
were not spesific especially for the language use in sport. The writer also taking
the Final All England Champonship 2016 as the data because the event was the
prestigious event in the badminton. By conducted the this study, the role of
language can be clearly seen in ths sport area, precisely in the topic of modality.
B. The Problems of The Study
The problems of this study were elaborated as follows :
1. Which types of modality are used by badminton’s commentators in Final
All England Championship 2016 ?
2. Which type of modality dominantly used by badminton’s commentators
in Final All England Championship 2016 ?
5
3. How are the functions of modality used by badminton’s commentators in
Final All England Championship 2016 interpreted ?
C. The Scopes of The Study
The scopes of the study were limited on the types of modality and the
functions of each type of modality used by badminton’s commentators in Final
All England Championship 2016. Every statements delivered by the
commentators is segmented into clauses. These clauses then identified which
contain modality.
D. The Objectives of The Study
The objectives of this study include as follows
1.
To find out the types of modality used by badminton’s commentators in
Final All England Championship 2016.
2.
To find out the dominant type of modality used by badminton’s
commentators in Final All England Championship 2016.
3.
To interpret the functions of modality used by badminton’s
commentators in Final All England Championship 2016.
E. The Significances of The Study
This research was expected to have some significance for students and
further researchers. The significances of this study were elaborated as follows
1.
For the students, the result of the research will offer resources for the
students for learning about modality. By mastering modality, students
6
will be capable to choose the appropriate language style for
communication, depend on the context.
2.
For further researchers, the result of this research will be beneficial to
conduct a research on the similar field. Modality is only one of a wide
range of fields in Functional Grammar to explore, thus further
researchers can conduct a research which lies upon another wider field.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions
After analyzing the modality used by badminton’s commentators in All
England Championship 2016, the conclusions were presented as follows:
1.
There were four types of modality which exist in the statements delivered
by the badminton’s commentators, namely probability, usuality,
obligation and inclination.
The most dominant type of modality used by badminton’s commentators
2.
was probability with 61,9%.
3.
The commentators used the probability in their statement because they
wanted to give the prediction of many possibilities of many situations
during the match and obligation to strengthen their suggestion while the
inclination described the willingness of the players and usuality showed a
certain frequency.
B. Suggestions
Based on the results of the research, some suggestions were elaborated
follows:
1. For further researchers, they are expected to gain from this result of
research as one of the resources to conduct research on the related field.
The next researchers are suggested to develop the topic not only the types
and functions of modality only, but also the value or degree of the
43
44
modality itself when conducting similar research. Beside that, the next
researcher can expanded the field from another discipline such as
economic, politics and so on.
2. For the students, it is
suggested to be more aware that they have
intuitively used all types of modality in their daily life. Thus the students
need to be able to utilise the functions of modality depending on the
context of interpersonal relationship in order to manage a good
relationship with other people.
REFERENCES
Ary, D., Jacobs, L.C., & Razavieh, A. 2002. Introduction To Research In
Education. New York: Wadsworth.
Bonyadi, A. 2011. Linguistic Manifestations of Modality in Newspaper Editorials
International Journal of Linguistics vol. 3, no. 1 (1-13).
Bybee, J. & Fleischman, S. 1995. Modality in Grammar and Discourse.
Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing.
Halliday, M.A.K. 1994. An Introduction to Functional Grammar Second
Edition. London: Edward Arnold.
Halliday, M.A.K &Matthiessen, C.M.I.M (Ed.). 2004. An Introduction to
Functional GrammarThird Edition. London: Arnold.
Hofmann, Th.R. 1993. Realms of Meaning An Introduction of Semantics.
Ediburgh: Longman.
Humpolik, R.2014. Language of Football Commentars:An Analysis of Live
English Football Commentary. Masaryk University Press
Jackson, H. 1990. Grammar and Meaning.New York: Longman
Moindjie, M.A. 2015. The Functions Of Modality In Translation International
Journal of Comparative Literature & Translation Studies vol.3 no.2 (1123).
Olaniya, K.K & Adeniji, A. 2015. Modality In Statement Of Objectives In ArtsBased Research Article Abstracts British Journal of English Linguistics
vol.3, no.1 (.42-5).
Palmer, F.R. 2001. Mood and Modality. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
Saragih,A. 2014. Introducing Systemic Functional Grammar of English. Unimed.
Unpulished
Susilowati, S. 2011. Modality In The Discourse Of Football Manager 2007 Game
Texts.Unpublished Skripsi. Kudus: University of Muria Kudus.
Swanson, E. Modality in Language from http://erichsw@umich.edu
45
46
Verstraete, J.C. 2001. Subjective And Objective Modality: Interpersonal And
Ideational Functions In The English Modal Auxiliary System Journal of
Pragmatics 33(1505-1508).
Yuyun, I. 2010. A Study Of Arguments in Senior High School DebateJurnal
Penelitian Vol. 14, No. 1 (109-133)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_commentator (accessed on 11 April 2016)
http://www.bwfbadminton.org/page.aspx?id=14887(accessed on 11 April 2016)
http://www.allenglandbadminton.com/the-championships/history(accessed on 11
April 2016)
FINAL ALL ENGLAND CHAMPIONSHIP 2016
A THESIS
Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for The Degree of
Sarjana Sastra
By:
HESTINAWATI BR ZALUKU
Registration Number : 2123220019
:
ENGLISH AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2016
ABSTRACT
Zalukhu, Hestinawati. 2123220019, Modality Used by Badminton’s
Commentators in Final All England Championship 2016. A Thesis. Faculty
of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
This study was about the Modality Used by Badminton’s Commentators in Final
All England Champioship 2016. There were three objectives in this study. First
was to identify the types of modality spoken by the badminton’s commentators.
Second was find the dominant type of the modality. The third was to intepret the
functions of the modality used by the badminton’s commentators. Descriptive
qualitative was used in this study. The data were taken from clauses delivered by
the badminton’s commentators in Women’s Doubles and Mixed Doubles group in
Final All England Championship 2016. The data of this study were analyzed by
using six steps; segmenting, identifying, classifying, calculating, finding, and
interpreting.There were 148 modalities found in 145 clauses in Women’s Doubles
and Mixed Doubles group. These modalities comprised of probability (61,9%),
usuality (3,4%), obligation (21%), andinclination (13,6%). Probability was the
most dominant type used by the badminton’s commentators. It was found that the
probability use to give the prediction of many possibilities of many situations
during the match and obligation use to strengthen the suggestion of the
badminton’s commentators. While the inclination use to describe the willingness
of the players and usuality showed a certain frequency.
Keywords:
modality, badminton’s commentator, probability.
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The greatest thanks to the Almighty God for the blessing and strength
given to the writer to complete her thesis as the partial of fulfillment of the
requirement for the degree of Sarjana Sastra at English and Literature Department,
Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
This thesis is not merely her own work but she has also been greatly
improved by the willing cooperation and assistance of a number of people in the
process of accomplishment. Therefore, the writer would like to express her deep
gratitude to:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of
Medan
Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Languages and
Arts, State University of Medan
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English and Literature
Department, Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Secretary of English and Literature
Department as well as Thesis Examiner.
Syamsul Bahri, S.S., M.Hum., as the Head of English Literature Program
and Nora Ronita Dewi, S.Pd., S.S., M.Hum, the Head of English
Education Program, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of
Medan
Dr. Rahmah, M.Hum., the first Thesis Advisor who has guided me and
supported the writer in finishing this research with a great patience.
ii
Dra. Sortha Silitonga, M.Pd., the second Thesis Advisor and also as the
Academic Advisor who gives her constructive criticisms and assistances
during completing this research
Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd., as the Thesis Examiner.
All Lecturers of English and Literature Department, Faculty of
Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
Eis Sri Wahyuni, M.Pd., the Administration Staff of English Department
for helping the writer in preparing all the fulfillment in conducting this
thesis
My beloved parents, Y. Zalukhu and U. Sitompul, for their love and
patience and keep support me in finishing this thesis.
My sisters and brother, Kenny Zalukhu, Very Zalukhu and Gwen
Zalukhu, who give their support for her in the good and bad times.
Her friends in English Literature A 2012. Susiyanti Siregar, Rina
Tobing, Sadariah and all her friends in English Literature A and B who
can’t be mentioned one by one for their support
Medan, 23 July 2016
The writer
Hestinawati br Zaluku
NIM. 2123220019
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Abstract .......................................................................................................... i
Acknowledgement ........................................................................................ ii
Table of Contents ........................................................................................ iv
List of Tables ............................................................................................... vi
List o Figures .............................................................................................. vii
List of Appendices ..................................................................................... viii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION................................................................ 1
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The Background of The Study ........................................................... 1
The Problems of The Study................................................................ 4
The Scopes of The Study ................................................................... 5
The Objectives of The Study.............................................................. 5
The Significances of The Study ......................................................... 5
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ........................................... 7
A. Theoretical Framework ...................................................................... 7
1. Systemic Functional Linguistics .................................................... 7
2. Metafunctions ................................................................................ 8
3. Interpersonal Functions ................................................................. 9
4. Modality ...................................................................................... 11
a. Definitions of Modality ......................................................... 11
b. Types of Modality ................................................................. 12
1) Modalization .................................................................. 12
2) Modulation .................................................................... 14
c. Orietation of Modality ........................................................... 16
d. Value of Modality.................................................................. 17
5. Comment ..................................................................................... 19
6. Badminton ................................................................................... 19
a. The History of Badminton ..................................................... 19
b. The Development of Badminton in Indonesia ....................... 19
c. Kinds of Badminton Tournament .......................................... 20
d. All England Championship 2016 .......................................... 21
e. Kinds of Sports Commentator ............................................... 21
1) Main Commentator .................................................... 21
2) Analyst or Color Commentator ................................. 22
iv
3) Sideline Reporter ....................................................... 22
4) Sports Presenter ......................................................... 22
5) Sportcaster ................................................................. 22
f. The role of Badminton’s Commentator ................................. 23
B. Relevant Studies ............................................................................... 24
C. Conceptual Framework .................................................................... 24
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .................................. 26
A.
B.
C.
D.
Research Design ............................................................................... 26
Source of Data .................................................................................. 26
Techniques of Data Collection ......................................................... 26
Techniques of Data Analysis ........................................................... 27
CHAPTER IV. DATA AND DATA ANALYSIS .................................... 28
A. Data ................................................................................................. 28
B. Data Analysis ................................................................................... 32
C. Research Finding.............................................................................. 39
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS........................ 43
A. Conclusions ...................................................................................... 43
B. Suggestions ...................................................................................... 43
REFERENCES ........................................................................................... 45
APPENDICES ............................................................................................ 47
v
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 2.1....................................................................................................... 13
Table 2.2....................................................................................................... 13
Table 2.3....................................................................................................... 17
Table 2.4....................................................................................................... 18
Table 2.5....................................................................................................... 18
Table 4.1....................................................................................................... 28
Table 4.2....................................................................................................... 30
Table 4.3....................................................................................................... 32
Table 4.4....................................................................................................... 33
vi
LIST OF FIGURES
Page
Figure 2.1 ..................................................................................................... 13
Figure 2.2 ..................................................................................................... 15
Figure 2.3 ..................................................................................................... 16
Figure 2.4 ..................................................................................................... 17
Figure 4.1 ..................................................................................................... 40
vii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Page
Appendix A .................................................................................................. 47
Appendix B .................................................................................................. 53
Appendix C .................................................................................................. 67
Appendix D .................................................................................................. 78
viii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. The Background of The Study
A communication occurs between two people, one making sounds or hand
movements which is called as the speaker and the other
as the hearer. A
communication is succesful if the idea that the hearer get is the same as what the
speaker intended the hearer to get. In general the purpose of the communication
itself is to transform the information or message.
A communication by using gesture or other forms of bodily movement is
called as a non verbal communication (Jackson, 1990:128). While the term of
verbal communication uses words or language. Language is an explicit, versatile
and extendable means of communicating messages. Languange itself as a tool of
verbal communication plays an important role in interaction of an individual to
others in society. Not only in the direct way but in this era of technology,
language also taking a crucial position such as in television broadcast. Television
now is the medium for modern people to getting the latest information. This
information comes from many area such as politics, economics, social , culture,
sport and etc.
In sports, language is also needed. For example, a commentator needs a
language in giving his statement or the analysis both in verbal and written
language. In a live sporting event the commentators provide of a sport event as the
1
2
action occurs. A sport commentator is very important in a live sport event because
it is light the match. So in this situation, the language used by the commentator is
very important because it can gives a positive or negative meanings for the
viewers about the match. In giving the statements, the commentators use modality
which is analyzed in this study from the linguistics perspective.
Language itself is learnt scientifically in the field of linguistics, and the
modern approach of which is called Systemic Functional Linguistics, also known
as Functional Grammar, found by MAK Halliday (Halliday and Matthiessen,
2004: 40).
Giving an opinion can be expressed in the two different ways, verbal and
written. One of many examples in written ways is on newspaper. In newspaper
editorial , modality is a special importance in that editorial writers tend to make
use of this property to establish either a favorable or unfavorable bias throughout
the text to manipulate their readers’ opinion (Bonyadi, 2011). He took textual
analysis of the selected editorials culled from the American newspaper, The New
York Times, and the Persian English newspaper, Tehran Times. He found that the
higher number of the predictive modals in NYT suggested the idea that
identifying what would happen in the future was the main concern of the editorial
writers in NYT. On the other hand, comparing the modals of necessity in the two
papers suggested that editorial writers in Tehran Times were occupied with what
should be done.
3
Almost similar, modality in statement based on article abstract research is
defined defined as the grammaticalisation of speaker’s attitude and opinions. It is
characterised to convey speaker’s or writer’s involvement in the propositional
content of a given utterance ( Olaniyan and Adeniji, 2015). For data, they used
objective statements segments of three hundred abstracts of research articles
obtained from the internet and purposively selected were analysed using insights
from the linguistic tool of modality. It is found four categories of modal
auxiliaries namely; possibility, necessity, prediction and permission modals.
Possibility modals are used in stating analytical scope and research goal in the
abstracts; necessity modals are employed in stating analytical scope, presenting
argument, seeking permission and/or making polite request; and prediction
models are used in stating the researchers’ research missions in predictive form.
A liitle bit different in the way of expressing the opinion, modality used by
the debaters is to emphasize the subjectivity of their points of view so as to make
one’s statement more assertive (Yuyun, 2010). Eventhough this study doesn’t has
the same objects but the arguments spoken by the debaters are also spontaneous
just like the comment delivered by a live sport event’s commentator.
There are eight linguistics features in the comment delivered by football
commentators, they are simpilification, word orders, prefaces and tags, result
expressions, tense, modality, modifiers, and metaphors (Humpolik, 2014).
Eventhough the writer didn’t observed what kind of modality within football
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commentar spesifically but this study has given a significant contribution for the
researcher .
Based on two previous study, there’s a same defintion between argument
and comment. In an argument the speaker presents a point of view and attempts
to persuade others of the validity of his or her opinion (Feez & Joyce, 1998:148).
In another hand, commentary is generally understood as a spoken account of the
speaker’s opinion in a event which are actually taking place (Crystal and Davy,
1969). So the argument and the comment have taking the same definition of
someone opinion’s of an issue or an event.
Based on the explanation above, then writer choose the topic of modality
used by the badminton’s commentators because eventhough there were a lot of
study about modality conducted by the previous researchers, but the information
were not spesific especially for the language use in sport. The writer also taking
the Final All England Champonship 2016 as the data because the event was the
prestigious event in the badminton. By conducted the this study, the role of
language can be clearly seen in ths sport area, precisely in the topic of modality.
B. The Problems of The Study
The problems of this study were elaborated as follows :
1. Which types of modality are used by badminton’s commentators in Final
All England Championship 2016 ?
2. Which type of modality dominantly used by badminton’s commentators
in Final All England Championship 2016 ?
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3. How are the functions of modality used by badminton’s commentators in
Final All England Championship 2016 interpreted ?
C. The Scopes of The Study
The scopes of the study were limited on the types of modality and the
functions of each type of modality used by badminton’s commentators in Final
All England Championship 2016. Every statements delivered by the
commentators is segmented into clauses. These clauses then identified which
contain modality.
D. The Objectives of The Study
The objectives of this study include as follows
1.
To find out the types of modality used by badminton’s commentators in
Final All England Championship 2016.
2.
To find out the dominant type of modality used by badminton’s
commentators in Final All England Championship 2016.
3.
To interpret the functions of modality used by badminton’s
commentators in Final All England Championship 2016.
E. The Significances of The Study
This research was expected to have some significance for students and
further researchers. The significances of this study were elaborated as follows
1.
For the students, the result of the research will offer resources for the
students for learning about modality. By mastering modality, students
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will be capable to choose the appropriate language style for
communication, depend on the context.
2.
For further researchers, the result of this research will be beneficial to
conduct a research on the similar field. Modality is only one of a wide
range of fields in Functional Grammar to explore, thus further
researchers can conduct a research which lies upon another wider field.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions
After analyzing the modality used by badminton’s commentators in All
England Championship 2016, the conclusions were presented as follows:
1.
There were four types of modality which exist in the statements delivered
by the badminton’s commentators, namely probability, usuality,
obligation and inclination.
The most dominant type of modality used by badminton’s commentators
2.
was probability with 61,9%.
3.
The commentators used the probability in their statement because they
wanted to give the prediction of many possibilities of many situations
during the match and obligation to strengthen their suggestion while the
inclination described the willingness of the players and usuality showed a
certain frequency.
B. Suggestions
Based on the results of the research, some suggestions were elaborated
follows:
1. For further researchers, they are expected to gain from this result of
research as one of the resources to conduct research on the related field.
The next researchers are suggested to develop the topic not only the types
and functions of modality only, but also the value or degree of the
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modality itself when conducting similar research. Beside that, the next
researcher can expanded the field from another discipline such as
economic, politics and so on.
2. For the students, it is
suggested to be more aware that they have
intuitively used all types of modality in their daily life. Thus the students
need to be able to utilise the functions of modality depending on the
context of interpersonal relationship in order to manage a good
relationship with other people.
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