Code-Mixing Used In Gogirl Magazine

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CODE-MIXING USED IN GOGIRL MAGAZINE

A PAPER

BY

SRI MAHARANI PURBA

REG NO. : 062202089

DIPLOMA III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF LETTERS

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA

MEDAN

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Approved by Supervisor,

Drs. Matius C. Sembiring NIP. 131099226

Submitted to faculty of letter, University of North Sumatera

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for DIPLOMA (D-III) in English.

Approved by

Head of Departement,

Dra. Sahyar Hanum, DPFE NIP. 130702287

Approved by the Diploma III of English Department Faculty of letters, University of North Sumatera

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Accepted by the board of examiners in partial fulfillment of three requirements for the

D-III Examination of the Diploma III of English Department, faculty of letters, University of North Sumatera

The Examination is held on the: 25th May 2009 Faculty of letters, University of North Sumatera Dean,

Drs. Syaifuddin, M.A, Ph.D NIP. 132098531

Boards of Examiners and readers :

Examiner : Drs. Matius C. Sembiring Reader : Dra. Oliviana Harahap

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AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I am SRI MAHARANI PURBA, declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except where reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.

No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of the paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.

Signed : ……… Date : ………

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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : SRI MAHARANI PURBA

Title of paper : CODE – MIXING USED IN GOGIRL MAGAZINE Qualification : D-III / Ahli madya

Study Program : English

I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the Librarian of the Diploma III English Department Faculty of Letters USU on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

Signed : ……… Date : ………

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ABSTRAK

Kertas karya ini berisikan tentang pembahasaan penggunaan pencampuran bahasa yang terdapat dalam majalah “Gogirl”. Kertas karya ini juga membahas faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi mengapa orang sering melakukan pencampuran bahasa dalam bahasa lisan maupun tulisan seperti lawan bicara, tempat dan waktu ketika pencampuran itu terjadi, media untuk berbicara, dan topik pembicaraan. Data yang diambil untuk melakukan kajian pada majalah Gogirl adalah majalah yang diterbitkan dari Agustus 2008 sampai Mei 2009. Ada lima majalah yang digunakan sebagai sumber data. Tujuan dari penulisan kertas karya ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi kepada pembaca tentang pencampuran bahasa. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penulisan paper ini adalah metode kepustakaan, yaitu dengan mengambil data dari bahan tertulis, seperti buku-buku dan tentunya majalah Gogirl sebagai bahan utama. Dalam penulisan ini diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa di Indonesia pencampuran bahasa sering muncul ketika orang-orang mencampurkan bahasa Indonesia dengan bahasa Inggris. Oleh sebab itu, jika pembaca tertarik dengan penggunaan bahasa asing khususnya bahasa inggris, jangan malu untuk mencampurnya sewaktu berkomunikasi dalam percakapan sehari-hari.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all I would like to thank and praise Allah SWT, the most gracious and most merciful, who has blessed me with health and capability to finish this paper as my last assignment to finish my study at Diploma III of English Department, North Sumatera University.

By this chance, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the people who are living around me and give me things which support me in my daily life, the Dean of Faculty of Letters, Drs. Syaifuddin. M.A, Ph.D and the Head of Diploma III of English Department, Dra. Syahyar Hanum, DPFE.

I would like to thank to my supervisor, Drs. Matius C. Sembiring, M.A, who had spent much of his time in correcting this paper and giving a valuable guidance to complete it. And thank to Dra. Oliviana Harahap as the reader of my paper. I also want to thank all my lectures who had not only taught me to able a better girl but also given me valuable knowledge during the years of my study in faculty of letters.

Furthermore, I would like to thank to my beloved father Sofyan purba and my mother Suharmi for their loves, attention, and support. To my sisters MahaPutri and Mahapertiwi.

I also want to thank to all my friends, whoever they are, who have helped me out in any way, shape or form, encouragement, support, dedication, and friendship. Nadia, Azmi, lita, Dara, Kiki, Siska, Kristina T, Dina, Reni, Yoga,

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thank for their share, advice, loyalty, attention, and helps, you are the best friend I ever had.

And for the last, I want to thanks to my dear Muhammad Afdol who support me during this paper, thanks for your attention, advice, kindness and your love.

Finally I do realize that this paper is still far from being perfect. Therefore, I welcome my constructive critics and suggestion toward my paper.

Medan, 25 June 2009 The Writer,

Sri Maharani Purba Reg. No. : 062202089

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AUTHOR`S DECLARATION COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

ABSTRACT……… i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………. ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS……….. iv

1. INTRODUCTION………. 1

1.1 Background of Study……….. 1

1.2 Scope of Study……… 3

1.3 Purpose of Study………. 3

1.4 Significance of Study……….. 3

1.5 Method of Study……….. 3

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE……… 4

2.1 Sociolinguistics………. 4

2.2 Bilingualism………. 5

2.3 Code-Switching……… 7

2.4 Linguistic Components……… 8

2.4.1 Words……….. 8

2.4.2 Phrases……… 9

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3. METHOD OF RESEARCH………14

3.1 Research Design ……….. 14

3.2 Population and Sample………. 14

3.3 The Technique for Collecting the Data……….... 14

3.4 The Data………15

4. THE DESCRIPTION OF CODE-MIXING……….. 21

4.1 The Influenced Factors of Code-Mixing……….. 22

4.2 The Caution Factors of Code-Mixing……….. 23

4.3 Type of Code-Mixing………... 24

4.4 Gogirl Magazine……….. 25

5. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION……….. 27

5.1 Conclusion……… 27

5.2 Suggestion ………... 27

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ABSTRAK

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1Background of Study

Slobin (1979:188) says that Language is inseparable element in human life. It has important roles, especially to deliver or share information to other people in society. To communicate well, people need language. So it is the reason why language is so important for human in society. Giving information means transferring knowledge, fact or news by the speakers as the doers to the listeners as the receivers. To deliver message, the language that the speaker use should be clear, quick and easy and the rhetorically expressive.

Language is the principal means whereby we conduct our social lives. When it is used in contexts of communication, it is bound up with culture in multiple and complex ways. It is necessary to see how much patterns in relation to each other.

Platt (1984:66) says that every language expresses in some way or other how people think, perceive and act, in what state people, things and ideas are and how they relate to each other. Words which express action, states, perception, etc, the verb, occur in every language. However there are many differences in the way they can be structures, what additional concepts they may express and what other word may occur with them.

A long time ago, in one country, it is possible if the people only use one language or the same language to communicate to other people. But now people are able to speak by some language. And in some cases, it is must. In globalization area country can not avoid to cooperate with other countries that use

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different languages. It is the caution factor why people should master more than one language, especially English. Almost every country in the world use English as their second language. This phenomenon usually is called as bilingualism.

One of the most striking phenomena in a bilingual’s linguistic performance is the occurrence of the seemingly random mixing of two languages, both within and between utterances, during a conversational exchange.

The ability in mastering some languages can be the main factor of code mixing. Or on the other hand bilingualism is one of the causes of code-mixing. Every body knows that English is an international language. Nowadays many Indonesian people use Indonesian and English language at the same time. It is called code-mixing. Code-mixing could appear in every context of communication. Code-mixing is the application of a language or more in which put the elements of language as the word to the other language consistently.

Actually there is another phenomenon in linguistics and it is called switching. It is difficult enough to distinguish both of mixing and code-switching. Siregar (2002:12) says that Code-switching is a change by a speaker (or writer) from one language or language variety to another. One of the causes people switch the languages is because of the speech situation

Some people said that this phenomenon could in crease the status in society especially for young people. That is why the writer chooses Gogirl Magazine as the object of the analysis. The writer is interested in analyzing the use of code – mixing. This study is devoted to investigate code mixing in articles of Gogirl Magazine.

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1.2 Scope of Study

In doing this study, it is limited only to discus use of code mixing only in Gogirl Magazine.

1.3 Purpose of Study

As a student, I write this paper to fulfill the requirements to get the Diploma Degree from the English Department of the Faculty of Letters, North Sumatera University.

1.4 Significance of Study

1. To add information to people who are interested in studying code-mixing. 2. To give contribution linguistic.

1.5 Method of Study

In writing this paper, I did a library research by finding the books which are relevant to the topic. I looked for the books which explain about code–mixing used on Gogirl Magazine. Beside that, I also researched some official websites for the adding source to make this paper be interesting to read.

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2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Some terms are used in this study and they need to be theoretically explained to avoid misconception.

2.1 Sociolinguistics

Sociolinguistics is a term including the aspects of linguistics applied toward the connection between language and society, and the way we use it in different social situations. It ranges from the study of the wide variety of dialects across a given region down to the analysis between the way men and women speak to one another. Sociolinguistics often shows us the humorous realities of human speech and how a dialect of a given language can often describe the age, sex, and social class of the speaker; it codes the social function of a language.

William Labov is often regarded as the founder of the study of sociolinguistics. He is especially noted for introducing quantitative study of language variation and mixing, making the sociology of language into a scientific discipline.

Sociolinguistics is the study of language as it affects and is affected by social relations. Sociolinguistics encompasses a broad range of concerns, including bilingualism and pidgin languages, and other ways that language use is influenced by contact among people of different language communities (e.g., speakers of German, French, Italian, and Romansh in Switzerland). Sociolinguistics also examine different dialects, accents, and levels of diction in light of social distinctions among people. Although accent refers strictly to

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pronunciation, in practice a dialect can usually be identified by the accent of its speakers as well as by distinctive words, usages, idiomatic expressions, and grammatical features. Dialects reflect and may reinforce class, ethnic, or regional differences among speakers of the same language.

Sociolinguistics has become an increasingly important and popular field of study, as certain culture around the world expand their communication base and inter group and interpersonal relations take on escalating significance.

The basic notion underlying sociolinguistics is quite simple: Language use symbolically represents fundamental dimensions of social behavior and human interaction. The notion is simple, but the way in which language reflects behavior can often be complex and subtle. Furthermore, the relationship between language and society affects a wide range of encounters from broadly based international relations to narrowly defined interpersonal relationship.

2.2 Bilingualism

Chaer and Agustina (1995:112) say that bilingualism is about the using of two languages of two codes. They conclude that the using of language of bilingual or multilingual man can be code-switching and code-mixing, if he speaks in bilingual or multilingual society. In bilingual or multilingual society where communication is done with two or more languages, the social phenomenon that became more complex, influences the form of the used of language.

The languages spoken by the bilinguals naturally interfere with each other, producing deviation from their norm. Consequently, the bilinguals become a

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permanent source of linguistics interference and the class of languages in the same individual becomes linguistically intriguing. The result is an automatic modification and rearrangement in the patterns of phonology, morphology, syntax, and the lexicon of the many languages they speak. A speaker’s personality too becomes altered when he or she switches from one language to another and thus speaks two or more languages. Thus bilingualism reshapes not only one’s language but also one’s culture and personality. Consequently, a monolingual society may have difficulty in comprehending the subtleties of a bilingual society and vice versa.

Beside serving some communicative functions, bilingual speakers may utilize code-mixing as a marker of ethnic or in-group identity in various intra group bilingual settings. A speaker may take every effort to code-mix by including a single utterance he/she knows from a language with which an in-group is normally associated, although he/she does not actually speak the language very much.

Among sociolinguistic factors which are very influential in determining code selection in a lingual speaker’s speech repertoire are topics of conversation, role relationships of the participant and speech situation. Bernstein (1965:151) says that language is the set of rules to which all speech codes must comply, but which speech codes are generated is a function of the system of social relations.

There have been some studies measuring the intelligence of monolinguals and bilinguals. Some of them have forced a correlation between intellectual inferiority and bilingualism and thus have concluded bilingualism to be harmful

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(Eichorn and Jones 1952; Darcy 1953). According to the defenders of this view, given a choice one should avoid being a bilingual.

2.3 Code-Switching

Speakers of more than one language (e.g., bilinguals) are known for their ability to code-switch or mix their languages during communication. This phenomenon occurs when bilingual substitute a word or phrase from one language with a phrase or word from another language.

Crystal (1987) suggests that code, or language, switching occurs when an individual who is bilingual alternates between two languages during his/her speech with another bilingual person. A person who is bilingual may be said to be one who is able to communicate, to varying extents, in a second language. This includes those who make irregular use of a second language, are able to use a second language but have not for some time (dormant bilingualism) or those who have considerable skill in a second language (Crystal, 1987). Further, Cook (1991) put the extent of code switching in normal conversation amongst bilinguals into perspective by outlining that code switching consist of 85% single word switches, 10% phrase switches and 6% clause switches.

Haugen (1973:521) says that code-switching is the alternate use of two languages including everything from the introduction of a single, unassimilated word up to a complete sentence or more into the context of another language.

There are a number of possible reason for the switching from one language to another and these will now be considered, as presented by Crystal (1987).

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a) A speaker may not be able to express him/herself in one language so switches to the other to compensate for the deficiency.

b) Switching commonly occurs when an individual wishes to express solidarity with a particular social group.

c) The alteration that occurs when the speaker wishes to convey his/her attitude to the listener. Where monolingual speakers can communicate these attitudes by means of variation in the level of formality in their speech, bilingual speakers can convey the same by code switching. Crystal (1987) suggests that where two bilingual speakers are accustomed to conversing in a particular language, switching to the other is bound to create a special effect. These notions suggest that code-switching may be used as a socio-linguistic tool by bilingual speakers.

2.4 Linguistics/ Language Components

Language consist of two parts; spoken language and written language. Language is supported of some components. They are phonemes, morphemes, words, phrases, sentence, paragraphs and texts (discourse).

2.4.1 Words

Word is a sound or group of sounds that expresses a meaning and forms an independent unit of language (Hornby, 1974:1374).

Words (or morphemes) are the smallest code units in language, they are not the smallest units of meaning (Givon, 1984:44)

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semantic content or grammatical function which words are made up of. By definition, a morpheme can not be decomposed into smaller units which are either meaningful by themselves or mark a grammatical function like singular or plural number in the noun.

Morpheme consist of two part. They are free morphemes (words) and bound morphemes (s, 's, er, ed, etc). Word (free morpheme) can be seen as a representation of a lexeme (vocabulary items that are listed in the dictionary) that is associated with certain morpho-syntactic properties such as noun, adjective, verb, tense, gender, number, etc.

Rather, people may use the term 'word' to refer to a particular physical realization of lexeme in speech or writing, a particular word-form (Katamba, 1993:19).

2.4.2 Phrases

Hornby (1884:868) says that phrase is a group of words without verb, especially one that forms part of a sentence. Example: the green car, at half past six. A group of words forming a short expression, especially an idiom or a cleaver, striking way of saying something can be called as phrase. Kinds of Phrase

1) Noun Phrase

The most meaningful part of a noun phrase is the noun. It is the obligatory constituent and is the HEAD of noun phrase.

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 That woman, my bag, this girl's shoes. 2) Verb Phrase

Verb phrase can consist of a verb (V) + a Noun Phrase (NP). Example:

 Hugged the baby, found a bone. 3) Adjective Phrase

An adjective phrase is a constituent of a sentence both at word level and at phrase level where it becomes an adjective phrase (AP). An adjective phrase, like all other phrases, can consist of one or more than one word. Example:

 Thin woman, the ferocious fat black dog. 4) Adverb Phrase

Adverb phrase can be formed by one or more constituents. Example:

 Jimmy snores loudly

 Jimmy snores

. Loudly is the Adverb phrase. very loudly.

An adverb phrase then consist of an adverb preceded optionally by degree adverb (e.g. quite, very, too, more, less). Adverb phrase are, very versatile. They not only modify verbs, but adjective and whole sentence too.

5) Preposition Phrase

Very loudly is the Adv P.

Preposition phrase consist of a preposition followed by a noun phrase. A preposition phrase function as an adverb, adjective, or noun. Noun

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combination constitutes a prepositional phrase. The preposition is an integral part of the prepositional phrase.

Example:

 He walked

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into the house. Because of his aggressiveness

2.4.3 Sentence

A sentence has to part: a subject and predicate. The subject includes the noun or pronoun that tell what the subject is about. The predicate includes the verb that describe what the subject is doing. Therefore, a sentence is a group of word with to main parts: A subject areas and predicate area. Together the subject and predicate express thought. Being able to recognize the subject and the verb in sentence it will health in making sentences using subject and predicate.

MsClelland (2003:16) says that a sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. The first word of the sentence is capitalized to indicated the beginning of the thought. A period, a question mark, or exclamation point is placed after the last word to indicate the end of the thought.

Sentence are generally classified in two ways, one by types and one by the number of formal predications.

, the new student could not make many friends.

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Classification sentence by types 1) Declaration Sentence (Statements)

In this sentence, the subject and predicate have normal word order. The sentence ends with a period in writing and a drop in pitch in speech.

Example:

 The child ate his dinner. 2) Interrogative Sentence (Questions)

In an interrogative sentence the subject and auxiliary are reversed and ends with a question mark in writing. In the spoken language, most yes-no question end with a rise in pitch; most interrogative word question end with a fall in pitch.

Example:

 Did the child eat his dinner?

3) Imperative Sentence (Commands, Requests)

In an imperative sentence, only the predicate is expressed. It ends with a period in writing and drop in pitch in speech.

Example:

 Eat your dinner!

4) Exclamatory Sentence (Exclamations)

Such sentence begin with an exclamatory phrase consisting of what or how plus a part of the predicate. In writing, the exclamatory sentence ends with an exclamation mark (or exclamation point).

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Classification sentence by number of formal predications 1) Simple Sentence

Maclin (1981:303) explains that a simple sentence has one independent clause (one subject verb combination). So a simple sentence has a subject and at least a finite verb; a subject and a finite verb are the two minimum requirements for a simple one.

Example:

 The man stole the jewelry. 2) Compound Sentence

Maclin (1981:304) explains that a compound sentence has two or more independent clauses without any dependent or subordinate clauses.

Example:

 The man stole the jewelry and he hid it in his home. 3) Complex Sentences

Maclin (1981:304) explains that a complex sentence has one independent clause (main clause) and one or more dependent clauses (subordinate clause). Example:

 The man who stole the jewelry hid it in his home. 4) Compound-complex Sentences

Maclin (1981:304) explains that a compound-complex sentence has two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.

Example:

 The man stole the jewelry and he did it in his home until he could safely get out of town.

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3. METHOD OF RESEARCH

3.1 Research Design

This research was conducted by using descriptive quantitative design. Descriptive quantitative design does not intend to find a new theory but to find new evidence to prove the truth of the theory. According to Nazir (1988:34) descriptive quantitative is one, which uses to make descriptive of situation, even or accumulate the basic data.

3.2 Population and Sample

The writer in this case took the articled in Gogirl Magazine as the population. The Gogirl Magazine from August until May 2009 were chosen as the population of the study. And the sample was taken randomly to make representative of the population. Here are the Gogirl Magazine used as the sample.

a) Gogirl August 2008 b) Gogirl September 2008 c) Gogirl December 2008 d) Gogirl March 2009 e) Gogirl May 2009

3.3 The Technique for Collecting the Data

The Data are Gathered from doing observation. According to Hornby (2000:805), observation is the act of watching something somebody carefully for

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period of time. For this research, I read the articles of Gogirl Magazine and writes down the use code-mixing on a peach of paper.

3.4 The Data

Based on the data, actually were found many utterances of code mixing. But because of the purpose of this study was to find the most frequent linguistic components so the utterances that got the repetition were not accounted. So the data that used in this study only five magazine. The data were labeled with: 1) Gogirl August 2008, 2) Gogirl September 2008, 3) Gogirl December 2008, 4) Gogirl March 2009, 5) Gogirl May 2009. Some of data can be shown as follows:

1. Gogirl August 2008

 Mesti di akui keadaan Indonesia ini biasa dikatakan heaven and hell.

 Niatmu mencari dan PDKT selalu keduluan urusan-urusan lain yang lebih kamu prioritaskan, kayak sekolah, friendship, atau after school activities.

 Kamu Kelamaan single karena over confidence alias kepedean. Kamu flirting berlebihan, arahnya juga random ke banyak cowok.

 Everyone experience failure. Gagal meraih juara, gagal ngedapetin nilai yang bagus, atau sekedar gagal pacaran alias putus.

 Tapi jangan terlalu lama tenggelam dalam masa berkabung. Focus on what you and after you failed, not on the failure.

 Tempat baru pasti berisi orang-orang dan budaya yang beda di sekolahmu dulu. Di tempat baru ini kamu punya banyak kesempatan luas to be a better person.

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 Make a good impression di setiap perkenalan. Setiap orang punya cara terbaik lho untuk di approach.

 Hidup terlalu singkat untuk naksir satu cowok selama bertahun tahun tanpa berusaha apapun. Its time to make a move! Make some effort.

 Ngomong, ngomong, udah kenalan belum sama cowok incaran kamu? Kalau udah, that’s a good start, tapi kalau belum, tunggu apa lagi?.

 Tapi apapun kelebihan kamu, make him see it! Misalnya kamu pancing dia untuk menceritakan sesuatu dimana kamu bisa pamer kelebihan ‘a good listener’.

2. Gogirl September 2008

 Congrats! you are totally over him karena memang kamu sudah moving on with your life.

 Melupakan mantan memang sulit, apalagi kemarin itu you really felt you’re in love.

 Lama-lama hidup jadi enggak balance dan akhirnya bisa bikin kita ngerasa sedih sampai frustasi. So, are you ready to make some priorities?.

 Bikin daftar hal-hal penting dalam hidup kamu, dari mulai yang paling penting sampai the last important one.

 Bergadang ngerjain tugas, nggak worth it kalau harus ditukar dengan bed rest seminggu gara-gara kecapekan.

 Nobody and nothing’s perfect, termasuk pacar atau cowok yang lagi kita incer sekarang.

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 Tapi disisi lain ada rasa kawatir, takut enggak bisa blend-in di tengah pergaulannya.

 Bigger is better! Jadi jangan ragu ambil kesempatan lebih besar lagi dalam hidupmu.

 This is your lucky mount! ada banyak peluang dan kesempatan baru yang akan kamu temukan.

 Kalau plak di gigi sudah menumpuk dan berwarna kuning kecoklatan, time to visit your dentist untuk pembersihan.

3. Gogirl December 2008

 One kiss on the cheek untuk setiap tantangan yang berhasil dia lakukan juga udah bikin semangat kok!.

 Jika menurutmu apa yang dia lakukan salah dan kamu ingin memberitahunya, do it nicely, listen to him first then you can give him some advice.

 Hair is a symbol overall health and vitality dan merupakan mahkota para wanita.

 Masalah rambut bisa terjadi akibat stress, bad nutrition, poor diet, aging, illness, drugs, hair coloring, bleaching, and hair perms.

 Reading in a poor light is so not healty, karena mata kamu harus bekerja extra keras melihat text atau gambar yang ada di buku.

 Snacking late a night bisa menambah kalori yang ada di dalam tubuh, apalagi kalau langsung tidur setelahnya.

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 Tapi kalau keterusan dan udah jadi habit, it’s a big threat to your health lho!.

 Jangan khawatir, asal kamu yakin dalam mengambil keputusan, everything will be just fine.

 Sering-sering deh sharing ide sama orang lain. Siapa tahu dari situ kamu bisa dapat networking untuk memperluas kesempatan suksesmu di 2009.

 Mungkin pekerjaan ini bakal bikin kamu tajir di penghujung tahun. Seeing that Cancer is practically a doer yang selalu cepat bertindak.

4. Gogirl March 2009

 Teman yang selalu pesimis, malas, pasif, terlalu boros shopping, sering bolos, nggak punya good manner, atau selalu mengandalkan contekan pas ulangan juga perlu kamu waspadai.

 If you are hurt or depressed because your friend, have mistreated you, sebaiknya segera bicara.

 Tapi kalau reaksi mereka adalah tersinggung atau bahkan jadi marah dan memaki-maki, segera tinggalkan! You don’t need that kind of friend!.

 Sometimes we get too nervous on preparing something. Ntah itu acara ulang tahun, ujian, atau a date with someone.

 Bukannya mau sombong atau besar kepala, tapi dalam melakukan atau mengusahakan sesuatu, we have to act as though we can not fail.

 Yup! Seperti yang udah kamu baca di feature “Be funny”, happiness is a state of mind.

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 Walau keputusannya full of risk, dia nggak akan mundur and always keep it up until it succeed.

 Orang yang big curiosity melihat dunia ini seperti taman bermain. So many things to explore and discovered.

 Selain tentang sudut pandang, humor is also about how you react to something.

 Dunia komedi mengenal self depreciating humor, istilah untuk lawakan yang menertawakan diri sendiri.

5. Gogirl May 2009

 Many people also get popularity and fans as extras, saat hasil kerjanya sudah diketahui banyak orang.

 Udah banyak orang terkenal yang sukses because they are loyal to their passion.

 Yang namanya focus berarti you put the concentration of attention or energy on something.

 Kamu sering menganggap so many things interesting and compelling that it is hard to settle on one.

 Ketika berhadapan dengan interviewer, give him/her a greeting. Kamu bisa salaman dengan pewawancara sambil menyebutkan nama.

 Be more personal. Ciptakan CV sendiri, with your own language.

 Big thanks to the internet, ada beberapa cara yang bisa bikin LDR-mu tetap seru tanpa bikin bokek.

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 Kepercayaan adalah hal paling utama yang harus dijaga. Nggak ada yang bisa jaga hati selain diri sendiri. You might look and feel like a single sometimes, but don’t act like one.

 Dan biarpun teman-teman barumu sudah berusaha ramah dan berusaha menghibur, kamu tetap merasa nggak dimengerti dan still lonely.

 Pakai kesempatan untuk mengelilingi lingkungan sekitar kampus dan cari tau hidden place menarik.

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4. THE DESCRIPTION OF CODE-MIXING

Subyakto (1992) say that code-mixing is the use of two languages or more, language varieties in relax situation between the speaker with other people who has a close relationship to each other. Wardough (1986:103) argues that code-mixing occurs when conversant uses both languages together to the extent that they change from one language to the other in the course of a single utterance.

Code-mixing can be happened because of the identification of the rule, the identification of variety, and the willingness to explain and to interpret. The measurement of identification of rule is social and educational.

The characteristics of code-mixing different between interference and integrative sentence. Interference is the entering of language elements into other language which is not observed yet or it is temporarily. In this type, people have reasons why they used code-mixing. Integrative sentence is the entering of the element of one language into another language which is observed permanently (Beardsmore, 1982:44).

Code-mixing of interference refers to the using of the elements of formal code language, such as phoneme, morpheme, code, stress, sentence, in a context from one language to other language (Beardmore, 1982:40).

Kridalaksana (1982:32) limits of code-mixing of interference as the use of language unity from one language to another language to enlarge the style of language or the variety of language including the use of word, clause, idiom, greeting, and many more.

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4.1 The Influenced Factors of Code-Mixing

According to Beardsmore, the use of code-mixing can be influenced by these factors:

1) Speaker and his or her interpersonal

Speaker sometimes mixed code to his listener from one language to other language accidentally because of habitual attitude or happened in formal situation.

2) Partner speaking

Speaker needs one or more partner speaking to communicate. The code-mixing could appear if only the partner speaking could understand it all.

3) Place and time when the code-mixing is happened

Code-mixing could happen anywhere, formal and informal situation. The example of formal situation is in forum, in transaction of ticket with the passenger, etc.

4) Media of speaking

Spoken media (face to face, by phone, audiovisual) often use code-mixing then written media (newspaper, scientific, book letter of license).

5) Topic

Certain topic is used in order to make the interaction of communication could happen smoothly. It also makes code-mixing appear. Scientific topic is delivered in formal situation where is used formal variety. Non-scientific topic is delivered in "free" situation where used non-formal variety. In non-formal variety sometimes happen "insertion" with the elements of other language,

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beside that the topic of non-scientific conversation creates a relaxing conversation that makes code-mixing could appear.

6) Function and purpose

Function of language which is used in conversation based on the purpose of communication. Function of language is an expression which related certain purpose such as government, offering, announcement, arguing, etc. The speaker used language based on the function deal with the context and the situation of the communication.

4.2 The Caution Factors of Code-Mixing

Here are some causes why most people use code-mixing: 1) Bilingualism

It is the ability to use or to speak with two languages well. 2) Prestige

It shows the proficiency in using more than one language (many languages). People use code-mixing as a prestige language.

3) Situation

In relax situation of informal situation, code-mixing occurred. It is the reason why the writers just do their habitual action.

4) Vocabulary

There is not appropriate word or when there is a lack of vocabulary in one language. That is why sometimes people change the word in one language into the word of another language.

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4.3 Types of Code-Mixing

Based on it is occurrences within a discourse, language mixing has been generally classified into two types:

1) Intra-sentential Mixing

Intra-sentential mixing may range from the alternation of single words of phrases to clauses within a single sentence.

2) Extra-sentential Mixing

Extra-sentential mixing normally occurs between sentences. Since extra-sentential mixing occurs at sentence boundaries, it requires less complex syntactic interaction between the two language involved in code-mixing than intra-sentential mixing. Therefore, extra-sentential mixing is more freely distributable than the latter.

One of the characteristics of code-mixing that occurs in an informal situation is caused by the speaker's habit only. Someone usually mix his/her language in a relax situation and without any certain reason. In Indonesia, code-mixing often occurs when people mix Indonesian language with their native language according to their tribe. It is the same with on the Gogirl Magazine whereas the editor mixes Indonesian language with English language.

Here are some sentences as the example of Code-mixing used in Gogirl Magazine :

a) Too thumbs up buat tema pemotretan Gogirl, Look edisi Agustus 2008. Lokasinya yang kaya di backstage fashion show bikin model – modelnya persis model professional.

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b) Don’t force your self to much, semakin dipaksa kita malah semakin craving for foods. Lakukanlah diet yang sehat yang enggak mengharuskan kamu kelaperan setengah mati.

c) Ruang yang lapang dan luas jadi ciri khas restoran ini, bahkan ada lantai duanya dengan suasana open sky-dining.

d) Gulung rambutmu dengan hair rolls, atau curling iron untuk menciptakan natural wavy hair.

e) Mulai desperate sama love life kamu don’t give up! Perbanyak aja temen cowok yang berpotensial dijadikan pacar.

f) Work your body! Berkeringat itu bagus lho untuk menghilangkan stress yang menumpuk.

g) Dulu aku introvert dan jarang bisa sering tentang apa yang aku rasain karena sifat aku yang pendiam ini.

h) Aku pernah mimpi yang selalu ditertawakan orang karena they didn’t believe that I could reach it.

i) Setiap masalah pasti ada jalan keluarnya , just move on and motivate your self . j) We love buns, especially the messy one. Tapi daripada main gulung rambut

sesuka hati, ada beberapa alternative cantik untuk dicoba, lebih oke buat special occasion, but also cute for everyday style.

4.4 Gogirl Magazine

Gogirl Magazine is one of magazine that published in Indonesian. It is at magazine for teenagers, and it has expression ”Magazine for real”. The address

(37)

office of Gogirl magazine in JL. Kebayoran Lama Raya NO. 236 Jakarta Barat. It is deliver some information such gossip and celebrity issue, fashion, music, movie, books, zodiac, etc. It has interest cover and every page magazine make the reader one to read until the end.

Gogirl Magazine that used in this study is Gogirl which published in Indonesian language and the English is substituted. Therefore in delivering massage or information, almost the editor of Gogirl Magazine uses and mixes more than one language (in this case, use Indonesian and English language) simultaneously and some times makes a new style of language than.

(38)

5. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion

After analyzing the use of Code-mixing in Gogirl Magazine, I finally come to conclusions were staged as the following:

1) One of the characteristics of code-mixing that occurs in an informal situation is used by the speaker’s habit only.

2) In Indonesia, Code-mixing often of occurs when people mix Indonesia language with there native language cording to there tribe.

5.2 Suggestion

By seeing the result of the study, the suggestion were formulated as the following :

1) For the readers who interested about language especially English are suggested to not be shy in doing code-mixing in the communication. It is your style. 2) For the researches who are interested to study about code-mixing are suggested

to develop a study like this in more detail.

3) The article of Gogirl Magazine is good to be used in teaching, especially for grammar teaching and reading comprehension.

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REFERENCES

Beardmore, H.B. 1982. Bilingualism: Basic Principles. England: Tieto LTD. Chaer, A and Leonie, A. 1995. Sociolinguistic, Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta:

Rhineka Cipta.

Clark, Herbert. H and Eve. V. Clark. Psychology and Language. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. 1977. USA

Frank, Marcella. Modern English. Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1972. New Jersey. Hornby. A.S. 1975. Guide to Patterns and Usage in English. Second edition:

Oxford University Press.

Hornby. A.S.1974. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. London. Oxford University Press.

Maclin, Alice. 1981. Reference Guide to English: A Handbook of English as a Second Language. Washington: CBS College.

Nababan. P.W.J. 2003. Sociolinguistics, Sebuah Pengantar. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka.

Nasution, Azhar Kasim & Yunita Agnes Sianipar. 2004. Structure Drills III. Medan. (unpublished).

Nazir. 1998. Metode Penelitian. Jakarta. Ghalia Indonesia. Siregar, A. M. 2002. Sociolinguistic. Medan (unpublished).

Thomas, Linda. Beginning Syntax. Basil Blackwell Inc. 1993. USA. http://www.google.com

(1)

beside that the topic of non-scientific conversation creates a relaxing conversation that makes code-mixing could appear.

6) Function and purpose

4.2 The Caution Factors of Code-Mixing

Here are some causes why most people use code-mixing: 1) Bilingualism

It is the ability to use or to speak with two languages well. 2) Prestige

It shows the proficiency in using more than one language (many languages). People use code-mixing as a prestige language.

3) Situation

In relax situation of informal situation, code-mixing occurred. It is the reason why the writers just do their habitual action.

4) Vocabulary

There is not appropriate word or when there is a lack of vocabulary in one language. That is why sometimes people change the word in one language into the word of another language.

(2)

4.3 Types of Code-Mixing

Based on it is occurrences within a discourse, language mixing has been generally classified into two types:

1) Intra-sentential Mixing

Intra-sentential mixing may range from the alternation of single words of phrases to clauses within a single sentence.

2) Extra-sentential Mixing

Here are some sentences as the example of Code-mixing used in Gogirl

Magazine :

a) Too thumbs up buat tema pemotretan Gogirl, Look edisi Agustus 2008. Lokasinya yang kaya di backstage fashion show bikin model – modelnya persis model professional.

(3)

b) Don’t force your self to much, semakin dipaksa kita malah semakin craving for

foods. Lakukanlah diet yang sehat yang enggak mengharuskan kamu kelaperan

setengah mati.

c) Ruang yang lapang dan luas jadi ciri khas restoran ini, bahkan ada lantai duanya dengan suasana open sky-dining.

d) Gulung rambutmu dengan hair rolls, atau curling iron untuk menciptakan

natural wavy hair.

e) Mulai desperate sama love life kamu don’t give up! Perbanyak aja temen cowok yang berpotensial dijadikan pacar.

f) Work your body! Berkeringat itu bagus lho untuk menghilangkan stress yang menumpuk.

g) Dulu aku introvert dan jarang bisa sering tentang apa yang aku rasain karena sifat aku yang pendiam ini.

h) Aku pernah mimpi yang selalu ditertawakan orang karena they didn’t believe

that I could reach it.

i) Setiap masalah pasti ada jalan keluarnya , just move on and motivate your self . j) We love buns, especially the messy one. Tapi daripada main gulung rambut

sesuka hati, ada beberapa alternative cantik untuk dicoba, lebih oke buat

special occasion, but also cute for everyday style.

4.4 Gogirl Magazine

Gogirl Magazine is one of magazine that published in Indonesian. It is at

(4)

Gogirl Magazine that used in this study is Gogirl which published in

Indonesian language and the English is substituted. Therefore in delivering massage or information, almost the editor of Gogirl Magazine uses and mixes more than one language (in this case, use Indonesian and English language) simultaneously and some times makes a new style of language than.

(5)

5. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion

After analyzing the use of Code-mixing in Gogirl Magazine, I finally come to conclusions were staged as the following:

1) One of the characteristics of code-mixing that occurs in an informal situation is used by the speaker’s habit only.

2) In Indonesia, Code-mixing often of occurs when people mix Indonesia language with there native language cording to there tribe.

5.2 Suggestion

By seeing the result of the study, the suggestion were formulated as the following :

to develop a study like this in more detail.

3) The article of Gogirl Magazine is good to be used in teaching, especially for grammar teaching and reading comprehension.

(6)

REFERENCES

Beardmore, H.B. 1982. Bilingualism: Basic Principles. England: Tieto LTD. Chaer, A and Leonie, A. 1995. Sociolinguistic, Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta:

Rhineka Cipta.

Clark, Herbert. H and Eve. V. Clark. Psychology and Language. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. 1977. USA

Frank, Marcella. Modern English. Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1972. New Jersey. Hornby. A.S. 1975. Guide to Patterns and Usage in English. Second edition:

Oxford University Press.

Hornby. A.S.1974. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. London. Oxford University Press.

Maclin, Alice. 1981. Reference Guide to English: A Handbook of English as a Second Language. Washington: CBS College.

Nababan. P.W.J. 2003. Sociolinguistics, Sebuah Pengantar. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka.

Nasution, Azhar Kasim & Yunita Agnes Sianipar. 2004. Structure Drills III. Medan. (unpublished).

Nazir. 1998. Metode Penelitian. Jakarta. Ghalia Indonesia. Siregar, A. M. 2002. Sociolinguistic. Medan (unpublished).

Thomas, Linda. Beginning Syntax. Basil Blackwell Inc. 1993. USA. http://www.google.com

Code-Mixing Used In Gogirl Magazine