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of a daily activity in a long story. James as quoted by Dietrich and Sundell 1996: 8 stated that novel is in its broadest definition of a personal, a direct impression
of life, which begins with, constitutes its value, which is greater or less according to the intense of the impression. The writer can conclude that a novel is one of
literary works that represent a real life in a form of story.
2.1.1 Elements of Novel
2.1.1.1 Plot
In a literary work, especially novel, plot is a crucial element. The word ‘plot’ technically means a series of tied-together events in a story. Dietrich and Sundell
1983 said that a story has parts that are related to one another by central action and usually a theme. Meanwhile Hall 1983: 27 describes plot as what happens in
a story, the story’s organized development, usually a chain linking cause and effect.
Durya in her book 2000: 4 mentioned that there are four elements of plot. They are:
a. The incentive moment the first conflict
b. The complication a series of entanglements
c. The climax the crisis or the peak of conflict I the story where tension is the
highestgreatest d.
The resolutiondenouement. In many modern short stories the protagonist’s conflict may go unresolved and may gain no insight into herhis life or destiny.
But even in such cases the reader should gain insight into the life of the character,
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recognizing that nothing has been solved that life will go on in the same way for the protagonist because of a tragic flow character weakness in herhim or
because of inflexibility circumstances.
2.1.1.2 Character
Literally, character means people played in the story. While by characterization, it is meant the way in which the author makes the characteristics and motives of
each person in the story. The characters might be one of the most important factors or elements in the story because it sounds impossible to have a story
without character. Abrams 1977: 20 defines characters as the person in a dramatic or narrative work, endowed with moral and dispositional qualities that
are expressed in what they say and what they do. In the book of A Glossary and Literary Terms, Abrams states precisely the
meaning of characters as the person depicted in dramatic or narrative work, which are interpreted by the audiences or the readers that are born with the qualities of
moral and disposition, which are performed in human action and speech, or it may be said that all of the characters can be seen in what they do and what they say
1981: 20. 2.1.1.3
Setting
Abrams as quoted by Koesnosoebroto 1990: 80 describes setting as the general locale and the historical time, in which the actions occur in the narrative dramatic
work, while the setting of the episode or scene within a work is the particular physical location in which it takes place. Meanwhile, Connoly as quoted by
Koesnosoebroto 1988: 79 stated that setting is a sense of time, place and
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concrete situation of narrative, the web of environment in which characters spent out their destinies.
‘Setting’ refers to the natural and artificial scenery or environment in which characters in literature live and move. In short, the setting of a work is the
sum total of references to physical and temporal objects and artifacts. The setting of a story or novel is much like the sets and properties of the stage or the location
for a motion picture. The dramatist writing for the stage is physically limited by what can be constructed and moved or carried onto the stage. Writers of
nondramatic works, however, are limited only by their imagination. It is possible for them to conclude details of many places without the slightest external restraint.
2.1.1.4 Point of View
