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the learning process. At this step, the researcher could make the reflection based on the data which was obtained from the field notes, tests, and interviews. In
addition, the researcher also shared with the teacher to know the teacher’s view in
the teaching and learning process. Those could be helpful for the researcher in making a reflection. From all the data which was reflected on by the researcher,
the researcher could make the next planning of the action for the next cycle which was better than the previous one.
E. Data Analysis Technique
Bogdan Biklen 1982:164 state that data analysis is the collected data which are analyzed by the researcher since the researcher begins and develops the
reflection and result processes. In the data analysis, the researcher evaluated all the actions in every cycle which had been carried out in the implementation of
flash cards to obtain what had been done well and what needed to be improved. The researcher also analyzed the data gathered in the research in order to get the
answer to the questions as stated in research problem. In analyzing the data from the instruments, the researcher used triangulation techniques. Campbell Fiske
1959 state that triangulation may be defined as the use of two or more methods of data collection in the study of some aspects of human behavior. The data are
collected from the result of the field notes, test, and interview. The first technique was conducting the observations. The researcher
observed three times before and during the implementation of flash cards in teaching irregular verbs because the research was conducted in the preliminary
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study and two cycles of CAR. Through the field notes, the researcher could see what happened in the learning process, consisted of
the students’ response, students’ participation, and students’ feeling when flash cards were implemented
in teaching the past forms of irregular verbs. This data would be gathered exactly from the field notes about the
students’ actions in class. The data which was obtained from the field notes described the researcher acted out based on planning
and the students responded positively in the learning process. It could be seen that the implementation of flash cards was done well.
The second technique was giving tests. After the researcher observed the class situation and described the process when the implementation of flash cards
was done to improve the students’ irregular verb mastery through field notes, the
researcher applied the test for the students. The researcher asked VIIIB students to do the test because th
e test was aimed to know the improvement of the students’ irregular verb mastery. Therefore, the test score was very important to see the
students’ progress in understanding the past forms of irregular verbs after the researcher implemented flash cards. For instance, if the test score in the first cycle
was better than the test score in the preliminary study, it was concluded that the improvement of
the students’ irregular verb mastery happened. However, the test would be done again in the second cycle because the test score was used to know
whether the students really improved their irregular verb mastery or not. If the test was done once, it could be concluded that the students’ improvement was not
valid. In fact, the researcher used the test score which were gained before and after the implementation of flash cards as a comparing tool to see the
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improvement of the students’ irregular verb mastery. Then, the researcher used a
table or list to make it easier in analyzing the test score in each cycle. Through a table or a list, the researcher could put all test scores and see the students whom
gained the highest score, medium score, and lowest score easily. To find the degree of the students’ achievement in each activity, the score
of each student was counted individually by using the following formula: The score = Number of right answer x 100
Number of item While the average of students’ result was counted by using the following formula:
The average of students’ test result = Total of the score Number of the students
The last technique was conducting the interviews. Interviewing the students aimed to make a reflection by seeing their opinion and their feelings
toward the implementation of flash cards. The researcher chose three students who became the interviewees. The interview was addressed to three students who
gained the highest score, medium score, and lowest score in the class before and after implementing the flash cards. Through interview, the researcher could also
reflect on what the students’ opinions toward their problem in learning the past
forms of irregular verbs. Therefore, the result of interview would be useful to have information in gathering the data which was used to make a planning in the next
cycle.
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F. Research Procedures
