Reasons for hope: Mexicos evolving vision and needs for coastal and integrated

ii Part 6: Reflections on strategy, outcomes and adaptations Chapter 14 Reflections on the road traveled and the path ahead

Chapter 15 Reasons for hope: Mexicos evolving vision and needs for coastal and integrated

natural resources management Chapter 16 An agenda for collaboration towards sustainable development in coastal regions and communities in Mexico Bibliography by Chapter for Further Reading Annex 1 Project Timeline 1995-2003 Endnotes iii FIGURES AND TABLES FIGURES 1 Map of Mexico 2 Growth of tourism income, visitors and employment in Mexico 3 The shifting economic center in Quintana Roo 4 USAID Mexico strategic objectives and results framework 5 The results chain for a development or coastal management project 6 Mapping the four intermediate results onto the results chain 7 The ICM Policy Cycle 8 A hierarchy of co-management arrangements 9 Relationships among program actors 10 Using the Xcalak site as a strategic point of entry for ICM in Quintana Roo 11 Xcalak Reefs National Park progress markers 12 Bahía Santa María 13 Examples of co-management at different levels of the stairway 14 Bahía Santa María progress markers 15 Chetumal Bay 16 Advances toward a site-based approach in Chetumal Bay 17 The innovation process 18 Tourism growth in Quintana Roo 19 Reconnaissance of marina sites in the Gulf of California 20 Potential resource flow pathways for supporting ICM in Mexico 21 Moving toward co-management in the Costa Maya 22 Strategic partners are maturing organizations with a strong dynamic of adapting to new opportunities and situations 23 Participation in training and technical exchange programs 24 Participation in sustainable activities 25 A new perspective on donors and strategic partners in terms of capacity building and the four core competencies of an NGO 26 Using sites as strategic starting points in Mexico: a more complete model of the experience 27 USAID Mexico Coastal Project and partner-related examples from the co-management repertoire TABLES 1 Strategic and boundary partners in the C 3 EM project 2 Coastal Management Scorecard for Xcalak 3 Coastal Management Scorecard Bahía Santa María 4 Four essential organizational competencies 5 The RedMIRC perspective on the four essential competencies of NGOs iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The U.S. Agency for International Development USAID and the University of Rhode Island Coastal Resources Center CRC have worked together as partners on the global Coastal Resources Management Program CRMP from 1985-2003. We are pleased to share the lessons gleaned from the Mexico experience with our Mexican colleagues and others worldwide. The collaborative relationship between USAID and CRC was central and invaluable to the CRMP process, however the ultimate success of the program is a result of the efforts of literally thousands of amigos in Mexico who have taken up the challenges with spirit, intelligence and dedication. The greatest successes are the collaborations that have formed, weaving together both the many coastal initiatives in Mexico and the ever-growing network of leaders and professional colleagues. The teams at CRC and USAID thank everyone involved in this effort for their continued leadership in addressing the increasingly complex issues that face our coasts. We are grateful for the ambition, vision and hard work of those who helped guide the coastal management initiative through uncharted waters in Mexico. The commitment and stewardship demonstrated by the program managers, field staff, and individuals from our primary partner organizations—Amigos de Sian Ka’an, Conservation International, and the University of Quintana Roo—can not be overestimated. These change agents provided endless support to their local counterparts and to CRC, and helped navigate through difficult times of policy development and community change. With warm respect and admiration, we have been privileged to work with community members and leaders in Xcalak, Mahahaul, Laguna Guerrero, Raudales, and Chetumal in Quintana Roo along with La Reforma, Playa Colorado, Costa Azul, Dautillos, and Yameto in Sinaloa and feel quite confident that their advances will continue. Similarly, our municipal partners in Othón P. Blanco, Navaloto, and Angostura and state agencies in Sinaloa, Quintana Roo and Baja California Sur have hosted our program activities and have been keen participants in promoting management initiatives to enhance the quality of life in the coastal zone. The Autonomas University of Sinaloa has been a steadfast and supportive partner. Finally, in efforts to promote nested governance among three levels of government and leverage activities throughout Mexico’s vast coastal zone, the National Commission of Protected Areas, the National Institute of Ecology, and the Environmental Secretariat’s Direction of Gender Equity have provided invaluable support. The program seized opportunities to link with other institutions associated with environment and democracy and greatly appreciated the synergies formed with other USAID programs, including those of the Nature Conservancy, World Wildlife Fund, PA Consultants, International City and County Management Association, Coalición para la Limpieza Activa del Recurso de Agua, and the University of Quintana Roo’s Training, Internships, Exchanges, Scholarships TIES program. Local non-governmental organizations have come together through networks such as the RedMIRC Quintana Roo Coastal Management Network, ALCOSTA Alliance for the Sustainability of the Coast of Northwestern Mexico, and the IMAC, Mexico Conservation Learning Network. Time and again they have demonstrated their dedication to helping v communities wisely plan for and manage their coastal resources. In addition to USAID, other donors who have supported the program include the David and Lucille Packard Foundation, Summit Foundation, Homeland Foundation, Fundo Mexico para la Conservación de la Naturaleza, North American Wetlands Conservation Council, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. These donors have consistently shown patience and confidence and offered wisdom and guidance as well as funds to help the many additional local initiatives of our partners thrive. Finally, we would like to acknowledge our colleagues at USAID. Paul White, Richard Volk, Heather Huppe, Sharon Murray, and Barbara Best, have played key roles as members of the greater Mexico team and time and again provided valuable support and guidance to a truly unified effort. CRC hopes that this report adequately reflects the high quality of work of all these valued friends and colleagues. We also hope that the legacy of this effort will inspire and influence further capacity building and innovative work in coastal management efforts in Mexico. We look forward to continuing to work along side our partners in Mexico toward the ultimate goal of ensuring healthy ecosystems and good management that will yield long-term benefits for the people of each coastal place. vi PROJECT TEAM 1996 – 2003 Amigos de Sian Kaan Marco Lazcano, Executive Director Alejandro Vega Zepeda1 Arturo Can Moo Carelia Rodriquez Perez Carlos López Santos Carlos Vidal Concepción Molina Islas Dana Wussenich Frida May Juan José Di Donna Argülles Juan Bezaury Creel Jorge Carranza Sánchez Laura Susana Rivera Maria Luisa Villareal Sonora Orlando Iglesias Barron Rosa Maria Loreto Viruel Ricardo González Hunt Wady Hadad López Conservation International Maria Angeles Carvajal, Executive Director, Gulf of California BioRegion Alberto Medrano Alejandro Robles Alonso Islas Ana Luisa Toscano Armando Villalba Loera Ernesto Bolado Martínez Francisco Zamora Arroyo Humberto Gurrola López Juan Manual Garcia Julia Acuña Mauricio Cervantes Abrego ISLA Antonio Cantu Ma. Elena Martínez Delgado University of Quintana Roo Francisco J. Rosado May, Rector Alejandra Dzay Graniel, Alfredo Ramírez Ann Snook Antonio Iturbe Posadas Bonnie Campos Carmen Sarmiento Mariscal Eddie Ellis Eduardo Galicia Zamora Efrain Villanueva Arcos Elma Llovera Elsa Domínguez Tejeda Enrique Mota Flores Erwin Babb Felipe Medina Felipe Villanueva Silva Gerardo García Contraras Héctor Gamboa Perez Lourdes Castillo Luis Sánchez Cataño Lourdes Somarriba Magali Cabriolé Ma. Carmen Brito Ma. Carmen Pedroza Ma. Carmen Sarmiento Ma. Teresa Chan González Omar King de la Rosa Natalia Armijo Canto Rafael Romero Mayo Sissi Carvallo Matos Susanne Kissmann RedMIRC Adriana Y. Olivera Gómez Carlos López Santos Maria Luisa Villarreal José Humberto Alvarez Josefa Gómez Lara Raúl Contreras Castillo Coastal Resources Center Stephen B. Olsen, Director Amber Neville Carlos García Saez Don Robadue Jennifer McCann Josh Cinner Lynne Hale Michael Abbey Pam Rubinoff Patty Harrington Townsend Goddard Extended CRC Team Bill Matuszeski Emilio Ochoa Maria Haws Mark Amaral Neil Ross Rocio Brambila USAIDMexico Paul White, Mission Director Charles Schnell Citlali Cortes Daniel Evans Frank Zadroga Heather Huppe Jane Marks USAIDEGAT Water Team Richard Volk, Coastal and Aquatic Programs Barbara Best Mike Philley Sharon Murray Tom Rhodes Conserving Critical Coastal Ecosystems vii ACRONYMS ALCOSTA Alliance for the Sustainability of the Coast of Northwestern Mexico AMMT Asociación Mexicana de Marinas Turisticas. Mexican Marina Tourism Association ANDAH Aquacultura Association of Honduras ANUIES Asociación Nacional de Instituciones y Universidades de Educación Superior. National Association of Institutions of Higher Education. ASK Amigos de Sian Ka’an, A.C. BEMAMCCOR Belize-Mexico Alliance for Management of Common Coastal Resources C 3 EM Conservation of Critical Coastal Ecosystems in Mexico [Project] CD Committee for the Conservation and Development in Bahía Santa María CECARENA Center for Natural Resource Conservation CESPEDES Private Sector Center for Sustainable Development Studies CIAD Centro de Investigación Alimentación y Desarrollo – Research Center for Food and Development CIMEX Conservation InternationalMexico CLARA Coalición para la Limpieza Activa del Recurso de Agua. Clean Water Coalition. COBIOTEC The College of Biologists in the Technical [Education] System, Chetumal, Quintana Roo CONACYT National Science and Technology Commission CONANP Comisión Nacional de Areas Protegidas - National Commission for Protected Areas CONAPESCA National Fisheries Commission CRC Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island CRIP Mexico Fisheries Research Center CRMP I Coastal Resource Management I Program, funded by USAIDGENV, operated by CRC 1985-1995 CRMP II Coastal Resource Management II Program, funded by USAIDGENV, operated by CRC, 1996-2003 CCD Comisión para Conservación y Desarrollo - The voluntary planning commission for Bahía Santa María CyD Conservación y Desarrollo. The Conservation and Development Trust Fund for Bahía Santa María ECOSUR Colegio de la Frontera Sur – College of the Southern Border FY Fiscal Year FONATUR National Tourism Promotion Foundation GAA Global Aquaculture Alliance GTC Grupo de Trabajo de la Bahía de Chetumal - Chetumal Bay Working Group GEF Global Environmental Facility GIS Geographical Information Systems GMP Good management practice GOC Gulf of California ICM Integrated Coastal Management IMAC Mexico Conservation Learning Network IND Indicator INE Instituto Nacional de Ecología – National Ecology Institute of Mexico IR Intermediate Result LOP Life of Project MEO Municipal Ecological Ordinance MIRC Manejo Integrado de Recursos Costeros – Integrated Coastal Management Conserving Critical Coastal Ecosystems viii MPA Marine Protected Area NGO Non-government organization or civic associations OEM Ordinamiento Ecológico Marino - Ecological Marine Ordinance OET Ordinamiento Ecológico Territorial – Ecological Zoning Ordinance PAN Partido Acción Nacional National Action Party. POET Programa de Ordinamiento Ecológico Territorial – Ecological Zoning Ordinance PRI Partido Revolucionario Institutional The Institutional Revolutary Party PROARCA Programa Ambiental para Centroamérica - Environmental Program for Central America PROFEPA Federal Environmental Law Enforcement Agency in Mexico RACE Rapid assessment of conservation economics RCP Resource Cities Program RedMIRC Red de Manejo Integrado de Recursos Costeros – Quintana Roo Coastal Management Network SEMARNAP Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales y Pesca – Environmental Secretariat of Mexico, prior to 2000, including Fisheries SEMARNAT Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales – Environmental Secretariat of Mexico, post-2000. SEDESOL The Secretary of Social Development SEDUMA Secretaría de Desarollo Urbano y Medio Ambiente – Secretary of Urban Development and Environment SICOMA Sistema de Información de la Costa Maya – Costa Maya GIS SO Strategic Objective TIES Training, Internships, Exchanges, Scholarships. A program of USAID. UAS Autonomous University of Sinaloa UQROO University of Quintana Roo URI University of Rhode Island USAIDGENV US Agency for International Development – Global Environment Center USAIDMexico US Agency for International Development – Mexico Program WWF World Wildlife Fund WILD Women in ICM—Leadership Development ZMFT Zona Marítima Federal Terrestre - The federal coastal and marine zone ZOFEMATAC Zona Marítima Federal Terrestre y Areas Costeros – Federal Maritime Zone Program Conserving Critical Coastal Ecosystems 1 PART 1 INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1 - AN INTRODUCTION TO THE PROGRAM