Years Ton
2006 331.791
2007 338.847
2008 345.909
2009 352.979
2010 360.055
Using the factors above and the projection based on the calculation of the of The Processincrease in chloroform imports per annum, the designed production
capacity in 2017 which amounts to 19,000.
2.2 Types of the Processes
Types of process to produce chloroform, dived by : 1 Photochemical Chlorination
2 Reduction of Carbon Tetrachloride 3 Reaction between acetone and chlorine.
From types of produce chloroform, with any advantages and disadvantages, so plant design of chloroform choose fourth process, reaction
between acetone and chlorine with ratio 0.045 of acetone : 0.453 of chlorine. Ranges of yield that produce is 86 to 91.
The reaction took place at a temperature of 50º C and 1 atm pressure in an exothermic reaction in the reactor batch.
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Thermodynamics Review
The determination of exothermic or endothermic reaction is considered from the calculation of standard reaction heat
H
r
. For calculation H
r
can be calculated based from
H
o f
data each component and using this formula : H
r
= H
o f produk
- H
o f reaktan
So, we can get the value of H
r
is -305,634 kJmol. Because the value of H
r
is negative, the reaction of chloroform production is exothermic. To find out the
direction of a reaction in thermodynamics aspect,we must calcultate value of reaction equilibrium K, using :
G
o
= - R.T.lnK
dT K
d
ln =
2 r
T R
H
Tabel 2.2 Data of Gibb’s free energy every component at 298K
No. Component
G
o 298
kJmol 1
CH
3
COCH
3
- 153,304 2
CaOCl
2
.H
2
O 3
CHCl
3
70,405 4
CaCH
3
COO
2
5 CaOH
2
- 899,040 6
CaCl
2
- 748,608 7
H
2
O - 237,304
and get the value of G
o
is - 5.020,31 kJmol. From this result, we can continue to calculate equilibrium constant of the reaction as :
G
o
= - R.T.lnK
o
lnK
o
= - T
R
o
G
lnK
o
=
298 .
314 ,
8 310
. 020
. 5
lnK
o
= 2,026.302
Caused reaction equilibrium K
1
is very large so it can be concluded that the reaction occurs in the process of chloroform forming is running irreversible.
3.2 Review Kinetics
Reaction to form of chloroform is : CH
3
COCH
3
l
+ 6 CaOCl
2
.H
2
O
s
2 CHCl
3
l
+ CaCH
3
COO
2
s
+ 2 CaOH
2
s
+ 3 CaCl
2
s
+ 6 H
2
O
l
.
-r
A
=
t A
d dC
=
t B
d dC
= k.C
A
.C
B
With : C
A
= C
A0
1-X
A
C
B
= C
A0
M -
a b
.X
A
t =
t=
t=
1.831 hours ≈ 2 hours
91
, 1
561 ,
91 ,
2 6
561 ,
8
ln 2
6 561
, 013
, 10
. 81
, 1
1
x x
x x
1
ln .
. 1
A X
M A
X a
b M
A
a b
M C
k
