Table 2. Profile Fatty Acid of Sardine Oil of Centrifuge Treatment and Combination Treatment 1
Magnesol XL
Fatty-acid M
N O
P Q
C 10:0 0.33
0.18 1.56
0.24 0.27
C 11:0 0.21
0.3 1.18
0.09 0.09
C 12:0 0.48
0.41 0.64
0.28 0.3
C 13:0 0.22
0.18 0.28
0.18 0.19
C 14:0 10.43
8.8 8.34
8.17 8.93
C 15:0 0.78
0.67 0.62
0.58 0.63
C 16:0 20.64
22.86 22.08
22.03 24.09
C 17:0 1.28
1.09 1.04
1.03 0.59
C 18:0 4.76
16.11 15.87
16.14 16.33
C 20:0 1.59
1.58 1.58
1.73 1.69
C 21:0 0.19
0.23 0.26
0.22 C 22:0
0.27 1.42
0.44 0.41
0.25 C 23:0
0.63 0.15
0.19 C 24:0
0.47 0.54
0.42 0.27
Σ SFA 41.74
53.87 54.01
51.54 54
C 14:1 0.04
0.02 0.02
0.02 0.02
C 15:1 0.12
0.09 0.09
0.11 0.13
C 16:1 13.82
10.39 11.21
12.42 9.65
C 17:1 0.69
0.72 0.81
0.75 0.83
C 18:1 n9 2.21
2.46 2.29
2.39 2.59
Σ MUFA 16.88
15.76 12.92
13.61 14.72
C 18:2 n6 cis 0.68
0.75 0.7
0.73 0.75
C 18:3 n3 2.43
2.28 1.99
2.24 2.11
C 20:2 1.74
0.11 1.65
1.72 1.57
C 20:3 n3 14.81
14.12 13.54
14.44 13.52
C 20:4 n6 0.53
0.62 0.7
C 20:5 n3 3.13
6.93 0.63
8.86 7.25
C 22:2 0.19
0.39 0.49
0.13 C 22:6 n3
7.12 1.4
8.15 1.02
1.4
Σ PUFA 30.1
25.59 27.58
30.12 27.43
PUFASFA 0.72
0.48 0.51
0.58 0.51
Σ n6 0.68
0.75 1.23
1.35 1.45
Σ n3 27.49
24.73 24.31
26.56 24.28
n6n3 0.02
0.09 0.05
0.05 0.06
unidentified 11.28
8.61 5.49
4.73 3.85
M = untreated; N = centrifuge 5000 rpm for 30 min;
O = centrifuge 5000 rpm for 30 min + magnesol XL 1; R = centrifuge 5000 rpm for 60 min;
Q = centrifuge 5000 rpm for 60 min + magnesol XL 1
surface area and is widely used as an analytical and industrial adsorbent Munsom et al., 1996. The study of
surface area indicated that diatomaceous earth has very
low surface area 10m
2
g Yates and Caldwell, 1992. The adsorption ability of the magnesol dependent on the
processing technology. It showed relatively high
Figure 2. FFA Value After Passive and Active Filtration
adsorption of FFA and color producing materials, indicating the importance of surface area, particle size
and porosity of filter aid in neutral oil recovery technology. The amount of adsorption depends on the polarity,
surface active sites, surface area, porosity, particle size, pH and moisture content Zhu et al., 1994.
Spectrophotometer Bleaching of alkali-refined oils removes entrained soaps
and reduces color bodies in the oil; it is more appropriately referred to as adsorption treatment. The
percent transmittance of the bleached oil at particular wavelengths is given in Table 3. The better treatment
easily remove the pigments have been showed at 620- 700 mµ range of the spectra. The result of
spectrophotometer show that at 460 mµ, All treatment was not significant different to compared the untreated
whatman filter grade no. 3 and 54 filter paper and standard fish oil. At centrifuge 1000 rpm for 15-120
minute were not significant with untreated in 550 mµ, 620 mµ and 665 mµ. At 620 mµ and 700 mµ, all treatment
were significant with standard fish oil. At treatment with using centrifuge 10000 rpm for 30 minute, centrifuge
18000 rpm for 30 minute and whatman grade no.54 filter paper were not significant with standard fish oil. Then at
centrifuge 5000, 10000, 15000 rpm for 60 minute with 1 magnesol also showed insignificant with standard fish oil.
Fatty acid profiles Table 3 showed that fat content of a range of the
centrifuge treatment oil consisted of Σ SFA 45.00- 56.00, Σ MUFA 5.36 -15.76, Σ PUFA 23.5-32.45,
PUFASFA 0.44-0.68, Σ n6 0.75-4.52 and Σ n3 20.3 – 28.93. The fatty acid profile generally exhibits a
dominance of the two classes, SFAs and PUFAs Table 3. Among them, those occurring SFA in the highest
proportions were stearic acid C16:0 21.6 – 24.9, then MUFA was C 16: 1 2.28 – 12.42. For PUFA was C 20: 3
n3 9.67-14.97. Table 3 showed significant p≤0.05 for Σ SFA, Σ MUFA and Σ PUFA at all treatment, then at
centrifuge on the same of speed with different time effect increasing the composition of omega-3. The proportions
of PUFAs-n3 were higher than those of PUFAs-n6. The UK Department of Health recommends an ideal ratio of
n6n3 of 4.0 at maximum HMSO, 1994.
Values higher than the maximum value are harmful to health and may
promote cardiovascular diseases Moreira et al., 2001. In this study, the range of the ratio of n6n3 was 0.03-
0.22.
Then, from centrifuge treatment be obtained 5000 rpm for 60 minute was the best treatment for removal FFA.
After combination with using 1 magnesol XL 1 on 5000 rpm for 30 minute. Their profile fatty acid be shown
on Table 4. At all treatment showed significant p≤0.05 for Σ SFA, Σ MUFA and Σ PUFA. Fat content of a range
of untreated, the centrifuge 5000 rpm for 60 minute, 5000
Table 3. Profile Fatty Acid With Using Whatman Filter and Magnesol XL 1
Fatty-acid 1
2 3
4 5
6 7
8 9
10
C 10:0 1.45
0.99 2.37
2.02 2.15
0.59 0.31
1.37 0.55
0.52 C 11:0
0.28 0.24
1.83 1.66
1.1 0.35
0.1 1.05
0.11 0.31
C 12:0 1.11
0.48 1.12
1.08 0.69
0.12 0.41
0.69 0.56
0.1 C 13:0
0.32 0.19
0.6 0.25
0.36 0.18
0.13 0.19
0.17 0.13
C 14:0 8.32
7.43 6.09
7.93 7.82
8.92 6.77
8.17 7.16
8.49 C 15:0
0.73 0.55
0.08 0.66
0.86 0.66
0.56 0.64
0.58 0.65
C 16:0 25.11
21.89 22.29
20.87 23.76
20.81 23.15
20.98 22.99
21.18 C 17:0
0.91 0.89
0.59 1.01
0.94 1.11
0.86 1.01
0.9 1.08
C 18:0 17.23
13.42 17.41
9.49 16.61
8.94 17.09
9.97 17.39
9.33 C 20:0
1.04 1.47
0.9 0.96
1.09 0.29
1.2 1.25
1.22 1.12
C 21:0 0.12
0.24 0.21
0.28 0.13
0.29 0.23
0.26 0.18
0.26 C 22:0
0.16 0.4
0.28 0.39
0.19 0.44
0.35 0.41
0.27 0.43
C 23:0 0.49
0.16 0.57
0.26 0.45
0.22 0.52
0.21 0.55
0.19 C 24:0
0.32 0.74
0.71 0.32
0.37 0.47
0.4 0.39
Σ-SFA 57.59
49.09 55.05
