THE DIFFICULTIES OF LEARNING SPEAKING FACED BY THE SECOND SEMESTER STUDENTS OF THE ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG OF 2014
THE DIFFICULTIES OF LEARNING SPEAKING FACED BY
THE SECOND SEMESTER STUDENTS OF THE ENGLISH
DEPARTMENT OF UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH
MALANG OF 2014
THESIS
BY :
GANIS PARAMITA FENI
(09360098)
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2014
THE DIFFICULTIES OF LEARNING SPEAKING FACED BY
THE SECOND SEMESTER STUDENTS OF THE ENGLISH
DEPARTMENT OF UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH
MALANG OF 2014
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to
achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education
By :
GANIS PARAMITA FENI
09360098
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF MALANG
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
2014
THE DIFFICULTIES OF LEARNING SPEAKING FACED BY
THE SECOND SEMESTER STUDENTS OF THE ENGLISH
DEPARTMENT OF UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH
MALANG OF 2014
THESIS
By:
GANIS PARAMITA FENI
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2014
MOTTO AND EDUCATION
Sesungguhnya beserta kesukaran ada kemudahan
(QS : Al - Insirakh :6 )
“ Barang siapa yang ingin kesejahteraan dunia hendaklah dengan ilmu.
barang siapa yang menginginkan ketentraman di akhirat hendaklah dengan ilmu, dan
barang siapa yang menginginkan kedua – duanya hendaknya dengan ilmu pula”
( Al – Hadist)
DEDICATION:
I dedicated this thesis to :
My beloved Father and Mother,
My sisters, My brothers, and My nephews,
My friends,
And my nice future.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulilah, all my praise is to ALLAh SWT who always give me healt, power and
patience so that I can finish my thesis, properly and blessing be on Muhammad SAW the last
prophet who bring us out from the darkness.
I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Mr. Imam Machfudz, Drs and Mr.
Marzuki, Drs. Mpd for their invaluable guidance, advice, patience, suggestion, and support
during the completion of this thesis. I’am also grateful to all second semester students of
English Department at University Muhammadiyah of Malang of 2014 for their chance and
helped my thesis.
Moreover, my special thanks go to my beloved parents “ H. Soebagio and Hj.
Herawati Santoso”. My beloved sisters and brothers ; Gania Hariani Hastuti, Ganinda Angga
Dewi, Ganina Widya Rini, Aryanto, M. Saiful Arifin and Dadang Triatmojo. My beloved
nephews; Naufal Fadhl Rafino, Khalifah Aghnaf Argya and Dhafira Khairunna Arifin for
their support during the completion of this thesis.
Finally, my wonderful friends who always suppport during completion of this thesis;
Artiyas Ludita, Teguh Susanto, Cahaya Eka, Rhisma, and Rizki Maulidani for sharing,
laughing and having beautiful moment with them.
May Allah give you all the best and bless you all
Malang, 02 May 2014
Ganis Paramita Feni
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
Approval ..........................................................................................................................
i
Legalization ....................................................................................................................
ii
Acknowledgment ..........................................................................................................
iii
Abstract .........................................................................................................................
iv
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study .......................................................................................
1
1.2 Statement of the problem ......................................................................................
3
1.3 Purpose of the study .............................................................................................
4
1.4 Significance of the study ......................................................................................
4
1.5 Scope of limitation ................................................................................................
5
1.6 Definition of Key term .........................................................................................
5
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Definition of Speaking .........................................................................................
6
2.2 Objective of Learning Speaking ...........................................................................
6
2.3 Speaking Learning Activities ...............................................................................
7
2.3.1 Group Discussion ...................................................................................
8
2.3.2 Dialogue .................................................................................................
8
2.3.3 Role Play ...............................................................................................
8
2.3.4 Speech in front of the audience ............................................................
8
2.3.5 Debate ...................................................................................................
9
2.4 The Component of Speech Act ...........................................................................
10
2.5 The Problem of Learning Speaking ....................................................................
10
2.6 Solving The Problems ........................................................................................
12
2.6.1 Using Group Work ...............................................................................
12
2.6.2 Giving The Activity Easy Language ....................................................
12
2.6.3 Making a Careful Choice of Topic and Task to Stimulate Interest .....
12
2.6.4 Giving Some Instructions or Training in Discussion Skills ................
12
2.6.5 Keeping Students Speaking The Target Language .............................
13
2.7 The Related Research .......................................................................................
13
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design ..............................................................................................
15
3.2 Population and Sample ....................................................................................
15
3.3 Research Instrument ........................................................................................
16
3.3.1 Data Collection ..................................................................................
17
3.3.2 Procedure of Data Collection ............................................................
18
3.4 Data Analysis ...................................................................................................
18
CHAPTER IV : FINDING AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Findings .......................................................................................................
20
4.1.1 Students’ Difficulties in Learning Speaking ..................................
20
4.1.1.1 From the students’questionnaire ......................................
20
4.1.1.2 From the students’ interview ...........................................
22
4.1.2 Causes of the Difficulties ...............................................................
22
4.1.2.1 From the students’questionnaire .....................................
22
4.1.2.2 From the students’interview ..........................................
23
4.1.3 Students’ ways to cope with the Difficulties ...............................
24
4.1.3.1 From the students’questionnaire ....................................
25
4.1.3.2 From the students’interview .........................................
25
4.2 Discussion ..................................................................................................
26
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusion .................................................................................................
28
5.1.1 The students’difficulties in learning speaking .............................
28
5.1.2 The students’causes in learning speaking ....................................
28
5.1.3 The students’ ways to cope difficulties in learning speaking ......
29
5.2 Suggestions ................................................................................................
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
30
APPENDIX
1. Questionnaire
2. Interview
3. Result Interview
REFERENCES
Arikunto, Suharsimi. 1998. Procedur Penelitian suatu Pendekatan Praktik Jakarta : Penerbit
Rineka Cipta
Ary, Donald (1982), Pengantar Penelitian Dalam Pendidikan.
Ary, Donald (2002). Introduction to Research, Sixty Edition.
Brown (1994), Teaching by Principles an Interactive Approach to Language
Celce, Marianne, 2001. Teaching English u Second or Foreign Language. New York.
Febianawati, Restu, 2004. The Problem of Learning Speaking for High School Students in
Malang, Unpublished Thesis.
Fulcher, Glenn, 2003. Testing Second Language Speaking New York : Pearson Longman.
Gay, R. L. And Peter Airasian, 2003. Education to Research in Education.
Harris (1997 : 81 -82) Testing English as a Second Language
Metclafe (1994), Building A Speech 4th Edition.
Nina, Kharisatul L. 2006. Study of Students Problems in Learning English Speaking at
SMPN 2 Batu, Unpublished Thesis.
Ur, 1996. A Course in Language Teaching Cambridge University Press.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study
English has become an international language. In indonesian, English is
taught to students from elementary school till university as a foreign language.
Therefore, Indonesian government tries to apply English as the first foreign
language as effectively as possible.
Based on the above, teaching learning process becomes very important to
achieve the main purpose in language teaching. Teaching learning process is the
core of education. According to Usman (2004:4) teaching learning process is a
process that involves a set of teacher – students act on the basis of mutual relation
in the educative situation to achieve certain purposes.
A lot of ways are used by teachers to achieve certain purposes in teaching
English. One of the ways is to make the students understand the four skills:
writing, reading, speaking and listening. Among those skills, speaking is
considered as a very important skill.
Speaking is the utterance of intelligible speech which students who can
speak English well will have self – confidence to face and even interact with
English native speaker. It is imposible to have any meaningful conversation
without understanding what is being said and without making oneself understand
at the same time.
Some students produce correct and appropriate sentences but with wrong
intonation and stress. Some students complain that they do not have courage to
1
2
speak because of limited vocabulary. We must know that each student has
different capability in mastering vocabulary. Because of that, the teacher should
have a way in order that the students master vocabulary more efficiently.
According to Metclafe ( 1994 :313): “ the more varied youre vocabulary, the more
interesting and colorful the speech will sound to your audience.” We cannot learn
speaking without knowing how to say it. It is intelligible and it is equally
important that to understand spoken English, one is expected to pronounce as well
as possible and it is not neccessarily like a native speaker but good enough to
understand.
On the other hand, people in Indonesia get difficulty in their speaking skill
because most of them get English just in formal institutions not in daily life, so
there is little chance for them to implement in daily life. One of chances for them
to increase their speaking ability is in school, that is why learning English is
important.
Those phenomena are not appropriate with the goal of speaking learning.
Clear and fluent communication is the major goal of learning speaking. It means
that students should talk with others orally, and able to apply their speaking skill
in their environment and also in the world.
Based on the previous research conducted by Solihin (2004) showed that
there are some difficulties faced by the second semester student’s in speaking
class. He classified the difficulties into 3 factors, they were internal factors,
teacher factors, supporting factor. The internal factor in speaking class were
unresponsive in learning speaking because of limited vocabulary and fear of
making mistakes of pronunciation. In the teacher factor in speaking class, the
3
students were not interested in activity, the students felt afraid to express their
ideas orally and they were lazy to participate. And then, supporting factor
difficulties were the students dominant by used Indonesia language than English
language. Those things showed that students in the University of Muhammadiyah
Malang still got difficulties in their English skill especially in speaking skills.
Moreover, the writer wants to do this research on students of the second
semester students at University of Muhammadiyah Malang of 2014 because they
being focused and concentrated themselves in their daily English and also there
will be any possibility that they can follow their lectures.
From the explanation above, the writer want to research the difficulties of
learning speaking English faced by the second semester students of the English
departement of University of Muhammadiyah Malang of 2014
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Based on the background of study, the writer formulated the problems as
follows :
What difficulties of learning speaking are faced by the second semester
students of the English departement of University of Muhammadiyah
Malang of 2014?
What causes the difficulties in learning speaking faced by the students?
How do the students solve the difficulties of learning speaking?
1.3 The Purpose of the Study
According to the statements of the problem above, the purposes of the
study arefocussed to answer the research problems, they are :
4
To investigate the difficulties in learning speaking faced by the second
semester students of English departement at University of Muhammadiyah
Malang
To know the causes difficulties in learning speaking faced by the students
To know how the students solve the difficulties in learning speaking.
1.4 Significance of the study
The result of this study is expected to provide information which is
significant for the students and the teacher about the students difficulties in
learning speaking English and about the students strategies that they use to cope
with their speaking difficulties.
For the students, by knowing the most beneficial strategies used by their
friends and how the strategies work, the students may support each other to
minimize the speaking difficulties
In other words, it will give information about some possible solutions done
by the teacher cope the problems in teaching English so it is hoped to give the
contribution in increasing the teaching English, so that the students have better
achievement.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
o The Scope :
The scope of this study is the difficulties in learning speaking at the
English departement at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang
5
o The Limitation
Because of the limited time the writer only took second semester students
ofthe English departement at University of Muhammadiyah Malang of
2014 as the subject of thisstudy.
1.6 Definition of Key Term
To get a definitive understanding of the concepts of this study, the
following definition are given :
o Difficulty
Difficulty is a problem that needs attentions and thought ( logman :1984)
o Learning
Learning is defined as gainning knowledge or set of cognitive processes
required for acquiring a new capability (Sutopo, 1997 :23)
o Speaking
Speaking is a verbal use of language to communicate with others. ( fulcher
2003)
THE SECOND SEMESTER STUDENTS OF THE ENGLISH
DEPARTMENT OF UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH
MALANG OF 2014
THESIS
BY :
GANIS PARAMITA FENI
(09360098)
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2014
THE DIFFICULTIES OF LEARNING SPEAKING FACED BY
THE SECOND SEMESTER STUDENTS OF THE ENGLISH
DEPARTMENT OF UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH
MALANG OF 2014
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to
achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education
By :
GANIS PARAMITA FENI
09360098
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF MALANG
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
2014
THE DIFFICULTIES OF LEARNING SPEAKING FACED BY
THE SECOND SEMESTER STUDENTS OF THE ENGLISH
DEPARTMENT OF UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH
MALANG OF 2014
THESIS
By:
GANIS PARAMITA FENI
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2014
MOTTO AND EDUCATION
Sesungguhnya beserta kesukaran ada kemudahan
(QS : Al - Insirakh :6 )
“ Barang siapa yang ingin kesejahteraan dunia hendaklah dengan ilmu.
barang siapa yang menginginkan ketentraman di akhirat hendaklah dengan ilmu, dan
barang siapa yang menginginkan kedua – duanya hendaknya dengan ilmu pula”
( Al – Hadist)
DEDICATION:
I dedicated this thesis to :
My beloved Father and Mother,
My sisters, My brothers, and My nephews,
My friends,
And my nice future.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulilah, all my praise is to ALLAh SWT who always give me healt, power and
patience so that I can finish my thesis, properly and blessing be on Muhammad SAW the last
prophet who bring us out from the darkness.
I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Mr. Imam Machfudz, Drs and Mr.
Marzuki, Drs. Mpd for their invaluable guidance, advice, patience, suggestion, and support
during the completion of this thesis. I’am also grateful to all second semester students of
English Department at University Muhammadiyah of Malang of 2014 for their chance and
helped my thesis.
Moreover, my special thanks go to my beloved parents “ H. Soebagio and Hj.
Herawati Santoso”. My beloved sisters and brothers ; Gania Hariani Hastuti, Ganinda Angga
Dewi, Ganina Widya Rini, Aryanto, M. Saiful Arifin and Dadang Triatmojo. My beloved
nephews; Naufal Fadhl Rafino, Khalifah Aghnaf Argya and Dhafira Khairunna Arifin for
their support during the completion of this thesis.
Finally, my wonderful friends who always suppport during completion of this thesis;
Artiyas Ludita, Teguh Susanto, Cahaya Eka, Rhisma, and Rizki Maulidani for sharing,
laughing and having beautiful moment with them.
May Allah give you all the best and bless you all
Malang, 02 May 2014
Ganis Paramita Feni
TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
Approval ..........................................................................................................................
i
Legalization ....................................................................................................................
ii
Acknowledgment ..........................................................................................................
iii
Abstract .........................................................................................................................
iv
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study .......................................................................................
1
1.2 Statement of the problem ......................................................................................
3
1.3 Purpose of the study .............................................................................................
4
1.4 Significance of the study ......................................................................................
4
1.5 Scope of limitation ................................................................................................
5
1.6 Definition of Key term .........................................................................................
5
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Definition of Speaking .........................................................................................
6
2.2 Objective of Learning Speaking ...........................................................................
6
2.3 Speaking Learning Activities ...............................................................................
7
2.3.1 Group Discussion ...................................................................................
8
2.3.2 Dialogue .................................................................................................
8
2.3.3 Role Play ...............................................................................................
8
2.3.4 Speech in front of the audience ............................................................
8
2.3.5 Debate ...................................................................................................
9
2.4 The Component of Speech Act ...........................................................................
10
2.5 The Problem of Learning Speaking ....................................................................
10
2.6 Solving The Problems ........................................................................................
12
2.6.1 Using Group Work ...............................................................................
12
2.6.2 Giving The Activity Easy Language ....................................................
12
2.6.3 Making a Careful Choice of Topic and Task to Stimulate Interest .....
12
2.6.4 Giving Some Instructions or Training in Discussion Skills ................
12
2.6.5 Keeping Students Speaking The Target Language .............................
13
2.7 The Related Research .......................................................................................
13
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design ..............................................................................................
15
3.2 Population and Sample ....................................................................................
15
3.3 Research Instrument ........................................................................................
16
3.3.1 Data Collection ..................................................................................
17
3.3.2 Procedure of Data Collection ............................................................
18
3.4 Data Analysis ...................................................................................................
18
CHAPTER IV : FINDING AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Findings .......................................................................................................
20
4.1.1 Students’ Difficulties in Learning Speaking ..................................
20
4.1.1.1 From the students’questionnaire ......................................
20
4.1.1.2 From the students’ interview ...........................................
22
4.1.2 Causes of the Difficulties ...............................................................
22
4.1.2.1 From the students’questionnaire .....................................
22
4.1.2.2 From the students’interview ..........................................
23
4.1.3 Students’ ways to cope with the Difficulties ...............................
24
4.1.3.1 From the students’questionnaire ....................................
25
4.1.3.2 From the students’interview .........................................
25
4.2 Discussion ..................................................................................................
26
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusion .................................................................................................
28
5.1.1 The students’difficulties in learning speaking .............................
28
5.1.2 The students’causes in learning speaking ....................................
28
5.1.3 The students’ ways to cope difficulties in learning speaking ......
29
5.2 Suggestions ................................................................................................
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
30
APPENDIX
1. Questionnaire
2. Interview
3. Result Interview
REFERENCES
Arikunto, Suharsimi. 1998. Procedur Penelitian suatu Pendekatan Praktik Jakarta : Penerbit
Rineka Cipta
Ary, Donald (1982), Pengantar Penelitian Dalam Pendidikan.
Ary, Donald (2002). Introduction to Research, Sixty Edition.
Brown (1994), Teaching by Principles an Interactive Approach to Language
Celce, Marianne, 2001. Teaching English u Second or Foreign Language. New York.
Febianawati, Restu, 2004. The Problem of Learning Speaking for High School Students in
Malang, Unpublished Thesis.
Fulcher, Glenn, 2003. Testing Second Language Speaking New York : Pearson Longman.
Gay, R. L. And Peter Airasian, 2003. Education to Research in Education.
Harris (1997 : 81 -82) Testing English as a Second Language
Metclafe (1994), Building A Speech 4th Edition.
Nina, Kharisatul L. 2006. Study of Students Problems in Learning English Speaking at
SMPN 2 Batu, Unpublished Thesis.
Ur, 1996. A Course in Language Teaching Cambridge University Press.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study
English has become an international language. In indonesian, English is
taught to students from elementary school till university as a foreign language.
Therefore, Indonesian government tries to apply English as the first foreign
language as effectively as possible.
Based on the above, teaching learning process becomes very important to
achieve the main purpose in language teaching. Teaching learning process is the
core of education. According to Usman (2004:4) teaching learning process is a
process that involves a set of teacher – students act on the basis of mutual relation
in the educative situation to achieve certain purposes.
A lot of ways are used by teachers to achieve certain purposes in teaching
English. One of the ways is to make the students understand the four skills:
writing, reading, speaking and listening. Among those skills, speaking is
considered as a very important skill.
Speaking is the utterance of intelligible speech which students who can
speak English well will have self – confidence to face and even interact with
English native speaker. It is imposible to have any meaningful conversation
without understanding what is being said and without making oneself understand
at the same time.
Some students produce correct and appropriate sentences but with wrong
intonation and stress. Some students complain that they do not have courage to
1
2
speak because of limited vocabulary. We must know that each student has
different capability in mastering vocabulary. Because of that, the teacher should
have a way in order that the students master vocabulary more efficiently.
According to Metclafe ( 1994 :313): “ the more varied youre vocabulary, the more
interesting and colorful the speech will sound to your audience.” We cannot learn
speaking without knowing how to say it. It is intelligible and it is equally
important that to understand spoken English, one is expected to pronounce as well
as possible and it is not neccessarily like a native speaker but good enough to
understand.
On the other hand, people in Indonesia get difficulty in their speaking skill
because most of them get English just in formal institutions not in daily life, so
there is little chance for them to implement in daily life. One of chances for them
to increase their speaking ability is in school, that is why learning English is
important.
Those phenomena are not appropriate with the goal of speaking learning.
Clear and fluent communication is the major goal of learning speaking. It means
that students should talk with others orally, and able to apply their speaking skill
in their environment and also in the world.
Based on the previous research conducted by Solihin (2004) showed that
there are some difficulties faced by the second semester student’s in speaking
class. He classified the difficulties into 3 factors, they were internal factors,
teacher factors, supporting factor. The internal factor in speaking class were
unresponsive in learning speaking because of limited vocabulary and fear of
making mistakes of pronunciation. In the teacher factor in speaking class, the
3
students were not interested in activity, the students felt afraid to express their
ideas orally and they were lazy to participate. And then, supporting factor
difficulties were the students dominant by used Indonesia language than English
language. Those things showed that students in the University of Muhammadiyah
Malang still got difficulties in their English skill especially in speaking skills.
Moreover, the writer wants to do this research on students of the second
semester students at University of Muhammadiyah Malang of 2014 because they
being focused and concentrated themselves in their daily English and also there
will be any possibility that they can follow their lectures.
From the explanation above, the writer want to research the difficulties of
learning speaking English faced by the second semester students of the English
departement of University of Muhammadiyah Malang of 2014
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Based on the background of study, the writer formulated the problems as
follows :
What difficulties of learning speaking are faced by the second semester
students of the English departement of University of Muhammadiyah
Malang of 2014?
What causes the difficulties in learning speaking faced by the students?
How do the students solve the difficulties of learning speaking?
1.3 The Purpose of the Study
According to the statements of the problem above, the purposes of the
study arefocussed to answer the research problems, they are :
4
To investigate the difficulties in learning speaking faced by the second
semester students of English departement at University of Muhammadiyah
Malang
To know the causes difficulties in learning speaking faced by the students
To know how the students solve the difficulties in learning speaking.
1.4 Significance of the study
The result of this study is expected to provide information which is
significant for the students and the teacher about the students difficulties in
learning speaking English and about the students strategies that they use to cope
with their speaking difficulties.
For the students, by knowing the most beneficial strategies used by their
friends and how the strategies work, the students may support each other to
minimize the speaking difficulties
In other words, it will give information about some possible solutions done
by the teacher cope the problems in teaching English so it is hoped to give the
contribution in increasing the teaching English, so that the students have better
achievement.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
o The Scope :
The scope of this study is the difficulties in learning speaking at the
English departement at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang
5
o The Limitation
Because of the limited time the writer only took second semester students
ofthe English departement at University of Muhammadiyah Malang of
2014 as the subject of thisstudy.
1.6 Definition of Key Term
To get a definitive understanding of the concepts of this study, the
following definition are given :
o Difficulty
Difficulty is a problem that needs attentions and thought ( logman :1984)
o Learning
Learning is defined as gainning knowledge or set of cognitive processes
required for acquiring a new capability (Sutopo, 1997 :23)
o Speaking
Speaking is a verbal use of language to communicate with others. ( fulcher
2003)