should be clearly described. Purposeful sampling selects participants for a specific reason e.g., age, culture, experience, not randomly.
36
Accordingly, the sample of this research is the seventh-grade students of Class 7 A of SMP Negeri 87 Jakarta.
E. Instrument of the Research
Creswell points out that data collection procedure in qualitative research involves four basic types: observations, interviews, documents, and visual
images.
37
According to Arikunto, there are four methods of collecting data commonly used in a research. They are a test, questionnaire, interview, and observation.
38
Observation and questionnaire are chosen as the writer’s instruments of data
collection.
F. Procedure of Data Collection
As stated above, the instruments of the research are observation and questionnaire. Therefore, the writer applis the following steps:
a. Observation
1. An assignment of 10 basic two-word verbs is given to the all
respondents to be memorized, then put them into simple sentences, and finally put them into daily-activity paragraph. The idiomatic
expressions are taken from Essential Idioms in English by Robert J. Dixson for elementary level.
2. All respondents are to state the memorized words and put them simple
sentences and paragraph at the appointed time of observation. 3.
The result of above instruction is then put into the table of score history
36
Steward, M. Law et al. Guidelines for Critical Review Form – Qualitative Studies. [Online
article]1998,www.usc.eduhscebnetresGuidelines.pdf
37
Creswell, J. W.,Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, London: Sage Publications, 1994, pp. 149--150.
38
Arikunto, S.,Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktik, Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 1995, pp. 198--205.
Table of Score History 3.1 No
Respondent Score of
1m+1S+2Sp4
Pred
Ach
Lrnd Sentc
Spch
1 – 100
1 – 4
1 2
3 4
5 etc
Note: Lrnd is learned
VG is very good Sentc is sentences
G is good Spch is speech
F is Fair Pred is predicatre
P is poor Ach is achievement
b. Questionnaire
1. A questionnaire consists of 10 multiple-choice question items will be
distributed among the correspondents to answer. The purpose is to know how many respondents understand or know the basic two-word
verb idiomatic expressions. 2.
The answer was compiled and converted to percentage of how many respondents are very good, good, fair, and poor.
3.
The result of which was put into percentage
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATION
The objectives of this research, namely to to find out the effect of basic two-
word idiomatic mastery on the speaking skill of the seventh grade students of
SMP Negeri 87 Jakarta, will be answered in this chapter.
After some preparations made, such as making observation sheets in the form of table of observation, the writer explains to the chosen respondents that
they are to memorize, make simple sentences based on the memorized two-word verbs, and
give a short speech on ―Going to School‖ that contains the memorized words.
A. The Research Findings
The observation process takes 8 days, May 12 – 18, 2014. It takes two days
to have basic two-word idiomatic expressions learned by heart, two days to practice the learned expressions, and four days for the whole process of
observation. To make the observation easier, the researcher asked the student to prepare their own speech on ―going to school‖ some time at home. This is done so
for the sake of effectiveness in observing the students or respondents’ performance.
The observation is taken in three stages: a.
The students were asked to come forward and express their learned basic two-word idiomatic expressions. They stood alone before the researcher
in a classroom to be observed. b.
After that, every student was asked to get back to their seats and prepared themselves to utter sentences containing the basic two-word idiomatic
expressions they already learned. c.
Lastly, they were asked again to give a short speech of 5 – 10 minutes.
