x
LIST OF FIGURES
2.1 Graph shows as the fiber content increases the strength also will increase 5
2.2 Illustration of particulate reinforcement in metal matrix composite 11
2.3 Illustration of whisker reinforcement in metal matrix composite 12
2.4 Single plane composite called lamina
18 2.5
Fiber arrangement in unidirectional MMC laminates 18
2.6 Gas Pressure Infiltration process
21 2.7
Squeeze Casting Infiltration process
22 2.8
Powder grains close the porosity in sintering process 23
2.9 Diffusion Bonding Process
24 2.10
Spray Co-deposition Production 25
2.11 Chemical Vapor Deposition Unit
26 2.12
Diagram of Induction Heating Used for Unidirectional Solidification 27
3.1 Project Sequence Flowchart
31
3.2 Type of reinforcement, from left 1.35 mm continuous, 0.5mm woven and
0.5 mm continuous 33
3.3 Process sequence of mould preparation
34 3.4
Design of the core side of the mould 35 3.5
Design of the cavity side of the mould 35
3.6 Core side mould been cut using laser cutting process
36 3.7
Core side and cavity side mould are combine together 37
3.8 Mild Steel arranged properly using the jig
38 3.9
The torch is pointed directly to the material 39
3.10 The solidified material removed from the mould 39
3.11 The specimen machined according ASTM standards
40
3.12 Three different specimen shape for testing tensile, impact and SEM
40
3.13 ASTM D3552 Tensile Test Specimens Type D
– Straight Sided 40
xi 3.14
Universal Testing Machine at Fasa B, UTeM 41
3.15 Charpy Simple-Beam Impact Test Specimen, Type A
42 3.16
Impact Tester at Fasa B, UTeM 43
3.17 SEM Machine at Fasa B, UTeM
45
4.1 Stress-Strain Graph for Sample 1 of Aluminum Reinforced Mild Steel 0.5 mm
Continuous 49
4.2 Stress-Strain Graph for Sample 1 of Aluminum Reinforced Mild Steel 1.35 mm
Continuous 50
4.3 Stress-Strain Graph for Sample 1 of Aluminum Reinforced Mild Steel 0.5 mm
Woven 51
4.4 SEM image of Aluminum Reinforced Mild Steel 0.5 mm Continuous
54
4.5 SEM image of Aluminum Reinforced Mild Steel 1.35 mm Continuous 54
4.6 SEM image of Aluminum Reinforced Mild Steel 0.5 mm Woven
55
5.1 Region of Stress-Strain Graph for pure Aluminum and other ductile material 57
5.2 Material start to fracture under tensile test 58
5.3 Material continue with fracture under tensile test 59
5.4 Material fully fracture under tensile test
59 5.2
Comparison of Modulus of Elasticity of Different Specimen 60 5.3
Comparison of Tensile Strength Properties of Different Specimen 61
5.4 Bar Chart Comparison of Impact Strength
63 5.5
Surface Observation of Aluminum Reinforced Mild Steel 0.5 mm Continuous 65 5.6
Surface Observation of Aluminum Reinforced Mild Steel 1.35 mm Continuous
66 5.7
Surface Observation of Aluminum Reinforced Mild Steel 0.5 mm Woven 66
xii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Al -
Aluminum Al
2
O
3 -
Aluminum Oxide ASTM
- American Society for Testing and Materials
BaO-MgO-Al
2
O
3
-SiO - Barium-Magnesia-Alumina-Silicate
BBC -
Body Centered Cubic CMC
- Ceramic Matrix Composites
Cu -
Copper
E
- Modulus of Elasticity
e.g. -
For example K
- Kelvin Li
2
O-Al
2
O
3
-SiO -
Lithiumaluminasilicate Mg
- Magnesium
MgO-Al
2
O
3
-SiO -
Magnesia-Alumina-Silicate MMC
- Metal Matrix Composites
mm -
Millimeter Mn
- Mangan
Pa -
Pascal PEEK
- Polyetheretherketone
PEI -
Polyetherimide PPS
- Polyphenylene Sulfide
PMC -
Polymer Matrix Composites SEM
- Scanning Electron Microscope
SiC -
Silicon Carbide Si
3
N4 -
Silicon Nitride TiB
2 -
Titanium Boride UTS
- Ultimate Tensile Strength
ZrO
2 -
Zirconium Oxide Zn
- Zink
xiii
LIST OF SYMBOLS
- Percent
σ
f
- Tensile Strength of the Fiber
τ
c
- Shear yield Strength of the Matrix
σ
y
- Yield Strength,
σ
- Tensile Strength
-
Degrees C
- Degrees Celsius
F -
Degrees Fahrenheit ±
- Plus and minus
μm -
micrometer
1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Research Background
